The family of Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, is a prominent American family active in law, education, activism and politics. Obama's immediate family circle was the first family of the United States from 2009 to 2017, and are the first such family of African-American descent.[1] His immediate family includes his wife Michelle Obama and daughters Malia and Sasha.
As first lady, Michelle Obama sought to become a role model for women, an advocate for poverty awareness, education, nutrition, physical activity and healthy eating, and became a fashion icon.[17][18]
Malia Obama and Sasha Obama
Barack and Michelle Obama have two daughters: Malia Ann (/məˈliːə/), born July 4, 1998,[19][20] and Natasha Marian (known as Sasha /ˈsɑːʃə/), born June 10, 2001.[21] They were both delivered at University of Chicago Medical Center by their parents' friend and physician Anita Blanchard.[22] Sasha was the youngest child to reside in the White House since John F. Kennedy Jr. arrived as an infant in 1961.[23] In 2014, Malia and Sasha were named two of "The 25 Most Influential Teens of 2014" by Time magazine.[24]
Before his inauguration, President Obama published an open letter to his daughters in Parade magazine, describing what he wants for them and every child in America: "to grow up in a world with no limits on your dreams and no achievements beyond your reach, and to grow into compassionate, committed women who will help build that world".[25]
While living in Chicago, the Obamas kept busy schedules, as the Associated Press reported: "soccer, dance and drama for Malia, gymnastics and tap for Sasha, piano and tennis for both".[26][27] In July 2008, the family gave an interview to the television series Access Hollywood. Obama later said they regretted allowing the children to be included.[28] Malia and Sasha both graduated from the private Sidwell Friends School in Washington, D.C., the same school that Chelsea Clinton, Tricia Nixon Cox, Archibald Roosevelt and the grandchildren of Joe Biden (when he was Vice President) attended.[29] The Obama girls began classes there on January 5, 2009;[30] Malia graduated in 2016. Before the family moved to Washington in 2009, both girls attended the private University of Chicago Laboratory School.[31]
In his victory speech on the night of his election, President Obama repeated his promise to Sasha and Malia to get a puppy to take with them to the White House.[32] The selection was slow because Malia is allergic to animal dander;[33] the president subsequently said that the choice had been narrowed down to either a labradoodle or a Portuguese Water Dog, and that they hoped to find a shelter animal.[34] On April 12, 2009, it was reported that the Obamas had adopted a six-month-old Portuguese Water Dog given to them as a gift by Senator Ted Kennedy;[35] Malia and Sasha named the dog Bo.[35] The White House referred to Bo as the First Dog.[36] In 2013, the family adopted a second Portuguese Water Dog named Sunny.[37]
As a high school student, Malia Obama spent a portion of the summer in 2014 and 2015 working in television studios in New York and Los Angeles.[38] She spent the summer of 2016 working as an intern in the U.S. Embassy in Madrid, Spain.[39]
During the week June 26, 2016, to July 3, 2016, Michelle, Sasha, Malia, and Michelle's mother Marian Robinson went to Liberia to promote the Let Girls Learn Peace initiative, for which the United States has provided $27 million in aid.[40] They met with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the former president of Liberia and the first elected female head of state in Africa.[40] Then they went to Morocco, where they had a panel with Freida Pinto and Meryl Streep moderated by CNN's Isha Sesay in Marrakesh and delivered a substantive amount of money to aid 62 million girls lacking access to formal education. They proceeded to Spain where Michelle delivered a message about the initiative.[40]
Obama's maternal heritage consists mostly of English ancestry, with smaller amounts of German, Scotch-Irish, Welsh, and Swiss ancestry.[4] Research by a genealogy team at Ancestry.com, published in 2012, stated that Obama is likely descended from the African slave John Punch through his mother's Bunch line, with generations of African Americans who gradually "married white" and became landowners in colonial Virginia. The Bunches later moved to Tennessee; in 1834 a daughter moved to Kansas, where Obama's mother was born four generations later.[58][59]
Obama's mother was born Stanley Ann Dunham. She became an anthropologist, specializing in economic anthropology and rural development. She earned her PhD degree from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and worked with the United States Agency for International Development, the Ford Foundation, and Women's World Banking, to promote the use of microcredit in order to combat global poverty.[53][60] The Ann Dunham Soetoro Endowment in the Anthropology Department at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and the Ann Dunham Soetoro Graduate Fellowships at the East–West Center (EWC) in Honolulu, Hawaii, are named in her honor.[61] Obama has said that his mother was the dominant figure of his formative years. "The values she taught me continue to be my touchstone when it comes to how I go about the world of politics."[62]
Madelyn Dunham (née Madelyn Lee Payne) was Obama's maternal grandmother who worked in banking and became vice president of a bank in Hawaii. Obama grew up with her and remembered that when he was a child, his grandmother "read me the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence and told me about the men and women who marched for equality because they believed those words put to paper two centuries ago should mean something."[25]
Barack Obama embraces his great-uncle Charles Payne, June 6, 2009.
Charles Thomas Payne is Madelyn Dunham's younger brother and Obama's great-uncle. He was born in 1925. Payne served during World War II in the U.S. Army 89th Infantry Division.[65] Obama has often described Payne's role in liberating the Ohrdruf forced labor camp.[66] There was brief media attention when Obama mistakenly identified the camp as Auschwitz during the campaign.[67] In 2009, Payne spoke about his war experience:
Ohrdruf was in that string of towns going across, south of Gotha and Erfurt. Our division was the first one in there. When we arrived there were no German soldiers anywhere around that I knew about. There was no fighting against the Germans, no camp guards. The whole area was overrun by people from the camp dressed in the most pitiful rags, and most of them were in a bad state of starvation.[68]
Payne appeared in the visitor's gallery at the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado, when his great-nephew was nominated for President.[69] He was the assistant director of the University of Chicago's Library.[66]
Ralph Dunham (1916–2012)
Ralph Dunham was Stanley Dunham's older brother and Obama's great-uncle, who served in the U.S. Army as an assignment and personnel officer during World War II. He landed at Normandy's Omaha Easy Red Beach on D-Day plus four, and moved with troops in the fighting through France, Italy and Germany.[70][71]
Eleanor Belle Dunham Berkebile (1932–2003)
Eleanor Dunham, Obama's great-aunt, was the younger sister of Stanley Armour Dunham and Ralph Dunham. Married to Ralph Lee Berkebile. She was the youngest daughter of Ralph Waldo Emerson Dunham Sr. and his second wife, Martha Mae Stonehouse. She retired from civil service as an executive secretary.[citation needed]
Margaret Arlene Payne (1927–2014)
Margaret Arlene Payne, Obama's great-aunt, was the younger sister of Madelyn Dunham and Charles Payne. She was a professor of nutrition who taught at the University of Missouri, Kansas City, and at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1980–1990). She wrote numerous research articles and two books.[72][73]
Leona McCurry (1897–1968)
Obama's family said that his maternal great-grandmother, Leona McCurry, was part Native American.[74] She reportedly held that as a "source of considerable shame" and "blanched whenever someone mentioned the subject and hoped to carry the secret to her grave".[74] But her daughter Madelyn Dunham (Obama's maternal grandmother) "would turn her head in profile to show off her beaked nose, which along with a pair of jet-black eyes, was offered as proof of Cherokee blood".[75] To date, no concrete evidence has surfaced of Cherokee heritage in the McCurry line.
Ruth Lucille Armour (1900–1926)
Obama's family said that his paternal great-grandmother, Ruth Dunham, died November 26, 1926, from ptomaine poisoning. She resided in Topeka, Kansas.
Fulmoth Kearney (c. 1829–1878)
A maternal 3rd great-grandfather of Barack Obama, nicknamed "Fully".[76] Born c. 1829 in Moneygall, King's County, Ireland, he emigrated to Ohio via New York in 1850, making him the most recent immigrant on the maternal side of Barack Obama's family tree. Fulmoth married Charlotte Holloway and raised a family which included three daughters (including Mary Ann). She and two of her sisters married three Dunham brothers. Kearney and his wife are buried in Fairview Cemetery in Labette County, Kansas. Descendants placed a headstone there in 2014.[77] Around the same time, a photo of him was discovered.[78][76] Barack Obama visited Moneygall in 2011.[79] In 2014, "Barack Obama Plaza", a service station and visitor center, was opened in Moneygall.[80] In 2015, a photograph of Kearney was discovered and made publicly available. In 2018, statues of Michelle and Barack were erected in Moneygall.[81]
Lolo Soetoro, Javanese given name: Martodihardjo,[82][83] was the second husband of Ann Dunham (married on March 15, 1965)[84] and stepfather to Barack Obama. He is Maya Soetoro-Ng's father. After his divorce from Dunham, Soetoro married Erna Kustina. They had two children, Yusuf Aji Soetoro (b. 1981) and Rahayu Nurmaida Soetoro (b. 1984).[83]
Maya Soetoro-Ng, Obama's half-sister, was born in Jakarta, Indonesia.[85] She has a half-brother and half-sister, Yusuf and Aya Soetoro, from her father's second marriage. She is married to Canadian-American Konrad Ng, with whom she has two daughters, Suhaila and Savita. Maya Soetoro-Ng is a teacher in Hawaii.[86]
Ng studies "how minority and diaspora communities use cinema and digital media to engage in artistic and cultural representation and preservation, and community mobilization".[97] From 2011 to 2016, he served as director of the Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center.[97][98][99]
Robert Wolfley (1835–1895)
Robert Wolfley, born in 1835, is one of Obama's maternal third great-grandfathers. He served as a private in Company A, 145th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War. He died July 17, 1895, and is buried in the Olathe Memorial Cemetery in Olathe, Kansas.[100][101]
According to Ancestry.com's research in 2012, using a combination of historical documents and yDNA analysis, genealogists found that John Punch, the first documented African slave in the Colony of Virginia, has been documented as likely an eleventh great-grandfather of Obama through his mother, Ann Dunham, and her Bunch ancestors.[102][58] With intermarriage, there were eventually both white and African-American lines of descent from Punch; some Bunch descendants were classified as white by the early 18th century. Other Bunch descendants were considered free people of color. Ralph Bunche, American delegate to the United Nations, is thought by historian Paul Heinegg to have likely been an African-American descendant of the Bunch family via South Carolina and Detroit, Michigan.[58][103]
Jonathan Singletary Dunham, born in 1640 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was one of Obama's maternal eighth great-grandfathers and is his earliest ancestor known to be born in North America.[4][104][105]
Paternal relations
Obama's family in Kenya are members of the Jok'Obama, a clan belonging to the Luo people, the nation's second-largest ethnic group. Linguistically, Luo is one of the Nilotic languages. The Obama family is concentrated in the western Kenyan province of Nyanza.
Paternal grandfather to Barack Obama, he was born Onyango Obama.[106] (One source gives 1870–1975 as his dates of birth and death, possibly based on his tombstone in his home village.)[107] Barack Obama relates finding in 1988 a British document, based on a 1928 ordinance, recording his grandfather as 35 years old. The date of the document was estimated to be about 1930, which would mean that his grandfather had been born c. 1895.[108]) The Luo are given names related to the circumstances of their birth, and Onyango means "born in the early morning".
Onyango was the fifth son of his mother, Nyaoke, who was the first of the five wives of his father, Obama.[109] Barack Obama relates how his step-grandmother Granny Sarah (Sarah Onyango Obama) describes his grandfather: "Even from the time that he was a boy, your grandfather Onyango was strange. It is said of him that he had ants up his anus, because he could not sit still."[110] As a young man, Onyango learned to speak, read and write in English, the language of British colonial administration in Kenya.[111]
In 1949, Onyango spent at least six months in Kamiti Prison. He was tried in a magistrates' court either on charges of sedition or being a member of a banned organization. Records do not survive; all such documentation was routinely destroyed after six years by the colonial administration. Onyango was then subject to torture due to suspicions that he was an associate of the Mau Mau rebels.[113] In his memoir, Obama recounted family descriptions of his grandfather's shocking physical state when released from prison:
"When he returned to Alego he was very thin and dirty. He had difficulty walking, and his head was full of lice." For some time, he was too traumatized to speak about his experiences. His wife told his grandson Obama: "From that day on, I saw that he was now an old man."[111]
Onyango was permanently scarred, suffering pain and requiring assistance in moving until his death. Although previously he had worked closely with the British, Onyango became bitterly anglophobic after his experiences in Kamiti Prison.[114]
According to his third wife, Sarah, Onyango had converted from tribal religion to Roman Catholicism early in life. When Seventh-day Adventistmissionaries visited the Kendu Bay area many people were baptized into the church, including Onyango.[115] When he later converted to Islam, he took the first name Hussein. She said that he passed on the name of Hussein to his children, but not the religion.[116] Onyango is sometimes referred to as Mzee Hussein Onyango Obama. The word mzee (meaning "elder") is a Kenyan honorific. To this day the Obama family in Kenya is divided between Seventh-day Adventists and Muslims.
Habiba Akumu Obama (c. 1918–2006)
Also known as Akumu Nyanjoga and Sje.[117][118][119][120] She was Barack Obama's paternal grandmother, and the second wife of Hussein Onyango Obama. She had three children with Onyango: daughters Sarah and Auma, and son Barack (Barack Obama's father).[121] Her father was named Njango or Njoga,[122] and she was born and raised in the Western Kenyan village of Karabondi.[120][123]
In his memoir Dreams from My Father, Obama wrote that Akumu was miserable in her marriage and abandoned Onyango Obama and her children with him. She subsequently married again and moved to Tanganyika, now Tanzania. Her name Akumu means "mysterious birth". Her mother conceived her after having given birth to another child and before resuming her menses. Akumu took the name Habiba upon her conversion to Islam in her second marriage, to Salmin Orinda, a Muslim from Wagwe, near Homa Hills, South Nyanza.[122] A photograph of her holding her son, Barack Sr., on her lap is on the cover of her grandson's memoir. (See image at right margin.)[124]
Sarah Obama (b. 1933)
Aunt of U.S. President Obama and elder sister of his father, daughter of Hussein Onyango and his second wife, Habiba Akumu Obama.[125] (She should not be confused with her stepmother Sarah Onyango Obama, also often called just Sarah Obama, the third wife of Onyango.)
Barack Obama Sr., father of Barack Obama, was the son of Onyango and his second wife Habiba Akumu Obama. Educated in the US at the University of Hawaiʻi and Harvard University, he returned to Kenya, where he became an economist with the government. He served in the ministries of transportation and finance. Barack Obama Sr. married three times, and he fathered a daughter and at least five sons including the junior Barack.[126][unreliable source?]
Hawa Auma Hussein
Aunt of U.S. President Obama and younger sister of his father, born to Hussein Onyango and second wife Habiba Akumu Obama.[125]
Sarah Onyango Obama was the third wife of Obama's paternal grandfather.[127] She was known for short as Sarah Obama; she was sometimes referred to as Sarah Ogwel, Sarah Hussein Obama, or Sarah Anyango Obama.[128] She lived in Nyang'oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria.[129][130] (She should not be confused with her stepdaughter of the same name, Sarah Obama, a daughter of Onyango's second wife Akumu.)[131]
Although she was not a blood relation, Barack Obama calls her "Granny Sarah".[128][132] Sarah, who spoke Luo and only a few words of English, communicated with President Obama through an interpreter.
During the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, she protested attempts to portray Obama as a foreigner to the United States or as a Muslim, saying that while Obama's grandfather had been a Muslim, "In the world of today, children have different religions from their parents."[116] Sarah Obama was "a strong believer of the Islamic faith", in her words.[134]
In November 2014, Sarah Obama received an award from the United Nations for the work of an education foundation that she headed, as a part of Women's Entrepreneurship Day.[135]
Kezia Obama (1940–2021)
Kezia "Grace" Obama (also known as Kezia Aoko)[136] was born c. 1940.[137][138] She was Barack Obama Sr.'s first wife; she married him in Kenya in 1954 before he studied abroad in the United States. They had at least two children together: Abongo [Roy] and Auma; and also claimed Bernard and Abo Obama as sons by Barack Sr.
She lived in Bracknell, Berkshire, England, until her death in 2021.[139] On March 22, 2009, Kezia Obama made a guest appearance on the British television show Chris Moyles' Quiz Night.[140] Her sister, Jane, is the 'Auntie Jane' mentioned at the very start of Dreams from My Father; she telephoned Obama in the US in 1982 to tell him that his father had been killed in a car accident in Kenya.[141] She died on April 13, 2021.[142]
Barack Obama's half-brother, also known as Abongo or Roy, was born c. March 1958, the son of Barack Obama Sr. and his first wife, Kezia.[143] Born and raised in Nairobi, Kenya,[144] he earned a degree in accounting from the University of Nairobi.[145] The half brothers met for the first time in 1985[144] when Barack flew from Chicago to Washington, D.C., to visit him.[146] They were best men at each other's weddings.[144] The American Obama brought his wife Michelle to Kenya three years later, and they met with Malik again while meeting many other relatives for the first time.[147]
Malik lives in the Obamas' ancestral home, Nyang'oma Kogelo, a village of several hundred people, preferring its slow pace to that of the city.[144] He runs a small electronics shop a half-hour's drive outside of town.[144] A frequent visitor to the US,[147] and a consultant in Washington, D.C., for several months each year,[144] Malik has dual citizenship in Kenya and the United States.[148]
During his brother's 2008 presidential campaign, Malik Obama was a spokesman for the extended Obama family in Kenya. He dealt with safety and privacy concerns arising from the increased attention from the press.[149]
Malik ran for governor of the Kenyan county of Siaya in 2013.[150] His campaign slogan was "Obama here, Obama there" in reference to his half-brother who was serving his second term as the president of the United States. Malik garnered a meager 2,792 votes, about 140,000 votes behind the eventual winner.[151] Prior to the 2016 United States presidential election, he stated that he supported Donald Trump, the candidate for the Republican Party.[152] He attended the third presidential debate as one of Trump's guests.[153]
Barack Obama's half-sister, born c. 1960, to Kezia, his father's first wife.[154] As of July 2008, she was a development worker in Kenya.[155] She attended The Kenya High School and subsequently studied German at the University of Heidelberg from 1981 to 1987. After her graduation at Heidelberg, she went on for graduate studies at the University of Bayreuth, earning a PhD degree in 1996. Her dissertation was on the conception of labor in Germany and its literary reflections.[155]
Auma Obama has lived in London. In 1996 she married an Englishman, Ian Manners, although they have since divorced.[156] They have a daughter named Akinyi (b. 1997).[155][157] In 2011, Auma Obama was interviewed for Turk Pipkin's documentary Building Hope and was the subject of a German documentary film The Education of Auma Obama.
In 2017 Auma Obama was honoured with the fourth International TÜV Rheinland Global Compact Award in Cologne.[158] At the award ceremony, she received the bronze sculpture 'Der Griff nach den Sternen' (Reaching for the stars), solely made for the award, by artist Hannes Helmke.[159]
Abo and Bernard Obama
Said to be Barack Obama's half-brothers, Abo, also known as Samson Obama,[160] was born in 1968 and Bernard was born two years later in 1970 to Kezia Obama. In Dreams from My Father, Obama wrote that his Obama relatives doubt that Abo and Bernard are the biological sons of Barack Obama Sr.
Ruth (Baker) Ndesandjo
Born Ruth Beatrice Baker in the United States c. 1937, the daughter of Maurice Joseph Baker and Ida Baker of Newton, Massachusetts, who are of Lithuanian-Jewish descent.[161] Ruth Baker was a 1954 graduate of Brookline High School in Brookline, Massachusetts, and a 1958 graduate of Simmons College in Boston with a degree in business.[161] She was a suburban elementary school teacher when she met and began dating Barack Sr. in Cambridge in June 1964, a month before his return to Kenya in August 1964.[161] She followed Obama Sr. back to Kenya five weeks later, and married him in Kenya in a civil ceremony on December 24, 1964.[161] She later became a private kindergarten director in Kenya.[162] She had two sons with Barack Obama Sr.: Mark and David. She and Barack Sr. separated in 1971 and divorced about 1973. Since she remarried when her sons were young, they took their stepfather's surname, Ndesandjo, as their own. Her third son, Joseph Ndesandjo, was born c. 1980 in her second marriage.
Mark Okoth Obama Ndesandjo
Barack Obama's half-brother, born c. 1965, son of Barack Obama Sr. and his third wife Ruth Baker.[163] Mark Ndesandjo runs an Internet company called WorldNexus that advises Chinese corporations how best to reach international customers.[164] Mark was educated in the US, graduating from Brown University; he studied physics at Stanford University, and received an MBA degree from Emory University.[165]
He has lived in Shenzhen, China, since 2002.[165] Through his mother, he is Jewish.[166] He is married to Liu Xuehua (also spelled Liu Zue Hua in some reports), a Chinese woman from Henan Province.[167][168] He is an accomplished pianist and has performed in concert.[169]
In 2009, Mark Ndesandjo published a semi-autobiographical novel, Nairobi to Shenzhen: A Novel of Love in the East.[170][171] He published a memoir in 2013, entitled, Cultures: My Odyssey of Self-Discovery.[172] In it, he accused their father Barack Sr. of abuse.[173]
David Ndesandjo (c. 1967–c. 1987)
Barack Obama's half-brother (also known as David Opiyo Obama), son of Barack Obama Sr. and his third wife, Ruth Baker, an American. He died in a motorcycle accident several years after his father's death in a car accident.[174][175]
George Hussein Onyango Obama
Youngest half-brother of Barack Obama, born c. May 1982, son of Barack Obama Sr.[176] and Jael Otieno. (She has since moved to Atlanta, Georgia as a full-time resident.)[177][178] George was six months old when his father died in an automobile accident, after which he was raised in Nairobi by his mother and a French stepfather. His mother took him to South Korea for two years while she was working there.[177] Returning to Kenya, George Obama "slept rough for several years",[179] until his aunt gave him a six-by-eight foot corrugated metal shack in the Nairobi slum of Huruma Flats.[177]
As of August 2008, George Obama was studying to become a mechanic.[177] He received little attention until featured in an article in the Italian-language edition of Vanity Fair in August 2008 during the US presidential campaign. This portrayed him as living in poverty, shame, and obscurity.[180] The article quoted George Obama as saying that he lived "on less than a dollar a month" and said that he "does not mention his famous half-brother in conversation" out of shame at his own poverty.[181] In later interviews, George contradicted this account. In an interview with The Times, he "said that he was furious at subsequent reports that he had been abandoned by the Obama family and that he was filled with shame about living in a slum".[178]
He told The Times, "Life in Huruma is good." George Obama said that he expects no favors, that he was supported by relatives, and that reports he lived on a dollar a month were "all lies by people who don't want my brother to win".[178] He told The Telegraph that he was inspired by his half-brother.[177] According to Time, George "has repeatedly denied ... that he feels abandoned by Obama".[182]CNN quoted him as saying, "I was brought up well. I live well even now. The magazines, they have exaggerated everything – I think I kind of like it here. There are some challenges, but maybe it is just like where you come from, there are the same challenges."[180] George Obama and the British journalist Damien Lewis published George's story in a 2011 book called Homeland.[183][184] George also appeared in the 2012 film, 2016: Obama's America, an anti-Obama documentary.[185]
Omar Okech Obama
At times using a variation of the name of his father, Onyango Obama,[186][187] Omar Okech Obama is a half-uncle of Barack Obama.[188] Born on June 3, 1944, in Nyang'oma Kogelo, he is the eldest son of Onyango and his third wife, Sarah Obama. He moved to the United States in October 1963 when he was 17 years old as part of Kenya president Tom Mboya's Airlift Africa project, to send promising Kenyan students to the US for education, particularly undergraduate and graduate school.[186][189] Once he arrived in the country, his half-brother, Barack Obama Sr., found him a place at a boys' school then known as Browne & Nichols, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[186] He later dropped out of school and changed his name to O. Onyango Obama.[186] He has operated a liquor store in Framingham, where he resided as of March 2011.[186][190] Barack Obama lived with Onyango in the 1980s while a student at Harvard Law School in Cambridge.[191]
Omar Okech Obama was subject to a deportation order in 1989.[192] After an unsuccessful appeal, he was given a new deportation order in 1992.[192][193] He was arrested on August 24, 2011, for driving under the influence, or DUI,[192] and was held in jail until September 9, 2011, on a federal immigration warrant.[187][194] The Boston Herald reported in August 2011 that Obama had had a valid Social Security card "for at least 19 years".[195] On November 30, 2012, the Board of Immigration Appeals remanded the immigration case to the Executive Office for Immigration Review for reconsideration of the original order of deportation, which was issued in 1986 and re-issued in 1992.[196]
An immigration judge ruled on January 30, 2013, that Onyango Obama would receive a deportation hearing.[189] Onyango's attorneys said that his defense at the December 3, 2013, deportation hearing would be a reliance on the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, because Onyango had resided in the U.S. since before January 1, 1972, the cutoff date of the 1986 amnesty.[197] At the hearing, Immigration Judge Leonard I. Shapiro ruled that Onyango was eligible for permanent residence and would receive a green card.[198]
Zeituni Onyango (1952–2014)
Zeituni Onyango, half-aunt of Barack Obama,[199] was born May 29, 1952, in Kenya.[200] Onyango is referred to as "Aunti Zeituni" in Obama's memoir Dreams from My Father.[201] She entered the US in 2000 on a temporary visa with her son who was going to school; she applied in 2002 for political asylum due to unrest in Kenya and ethnic conflict. This was denied in 2004, but she remained in the country illegally. Her presence was leaked to the media during Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. She was granted asylum in 2010. She died on April 7, 2014, from complications caused by cancer and respiratory problems.[202]
Michelle Obama's extended family
Marian Robinson (second from right) makes an appearance with the rest of the immediate family of Barack Obama on the South Portico of the White House during festivities of the 2009 White House Easter Egg Roll
Barack Obama has called his wife Michelle Obama "the most quintessentially American woman I know".[5] Her family is of African-American heritage, descendants of Africans and Europeans of the colonial era and antebellum eras.[5] Michelle Obama's family history traces from colonists and slavery in the South to Reconstruction to the Great Migration to northern cities, in her family's case, Cleveland and Chicago. Each of her four grandparents was multiracial.[203] Some of Michelle's relatives still reside in South Carolina. Extended family from her mother's Shields ancestors also reside in Georgia and throughout the South.
Jim Robinson
Michelle's earliest known relative on her father's side is her great-great grandfather Jim Robinson, born in the 1850s, who was an American slave on the Friendfield Plantation in Georgetown, South Carolina in the Low Country, where African Americans developed as the Gullah people and culture. The family believes that after the Civil War, he worked as a Friendfield sharecropper for the rest of his life. He is said to have been buried there in an unmarked grave.[5]
Jim married twice, first to a woman named Louiser, with whom he had two sons, Gabriel and Fraser, Michelle Obama's great-grandfather. A daughter was born to the family, but her name has not been discovered, and she is believed to have died as a child. His second marriage to Rose Ella Cohen produced six more children. Fraser had an arm amputated as a result of a boyhood injury. He worked as a shoemaker, a newspaper salesman, and in a lumber mill.[5] Carrie Nelson, Gabriel Robinson's daughter, is the keeper of family lore and the oldest living Robinson at 80 years old in 2008.[5]
The earliest known relative on her mother's side is her great-great-great-grandmother, Melvinia Shields (1844–1938), who was held as a slave on a farm in Clayton County, North Georgia. Her master was Henry Walls Shields, who had a 200-acre farm near Rex. He would have worked along with his slaves.[203] Melvinia became pregnant at about age 15 and had a biracial son, Dolphus T. Shields, born into slavery about 1860. Melvinia did not talk to relatives about his father.[204] Based on DNA and other evidence, in 2012 researchers said the father was likely 20-year-old Charles Marion Shields, son of Melvinia's master.[203] After the Civil War, Dolphus Shields moved to Birmingham, Alabama. Charles later became a teacher and married a white woman. Michelle Obama's extended family has said that people didn't talk about slavery time while they were growing up.[203] Michelle Obama's distant ancestry also includes Irish and other European roots.[205]
On June 26, 2012, a monument to Shields was erected in Rex, with an inscription summarizing her life and "a five-generation journey that began in oppression" resulting in her descendant becoming First Lady of the United States.[206] A year later, the monument was vandalized and knocked from its base, but was quickly replaced.[206]
Marian Lois Robinson (born Marian Lois Shields, July 30, 1937, died May 31, 2024), was descended from Dolphus Shields and his wife. She married Michelle's father, Fraser Robinson, on October 27, 1960.[207][208] Robinson was formerly a secretary at Spiegel catalog and a bank. While Michelle and Barack Obama were campaigning in 2008, Robinson tended the Obamas' young children. She continued to help care for them while living in the White House as part of the First Family;[209] she was the first live-in grandmother since Elivera M. Doud during the Eisenhower administration.[210] Some media outlets dubbed Robinson as the "First Granny".[210][211] Marian took Sasha and Malia to school daily.[212] The Obamas announced her death on May 31, 2024.
Fraser C. Robinson III (1935–1991)
Michelle Obama's father (August 1, 1935 — March 6, 1991), married Michelle's mother, Marian Shields, on October 27, 1960.[208][213] Robinson was a pump worker at the City of Chicago water plant.[5]
Craig Robinson, Michelle Obama's brother, was born in 1962. From 2008 until 2014, he served as head coach of men's basketball at Oregon State University.[214]
Fraser Robinson Jr. (1912–1996)
Michelle Obama's paternal grandfather was born on August 24, 1912, in Georgetown, South Carolina, and died on November 9, 1996, aged 84. He was a good student and orator but moved from South Carolina to Chicago during the Great Migration to find better work and living conditions than in the South, where Jim Crow had been imposed and blacks were disfranchised. He became a worker for the United States Postal Service. He married LaVaughn Johnson. When he retired, they moved back to South Carolina.[5]
LaVaughn Dolores Johnson (1915–2002)
Michelle Obama's paternal grandmother (February 6, 1915 – September 17, 2002) and married to Fraser Robinson Jr. She was born in Chicago, Illinois, to James Preston Johnson (1880–1920?) and Phoebe (1879–1920?).
Robbie Shields Terry (1908–1983)
Robbie Shields Terry (born Robbie Lee Shields; July 3, 1908 – June 1, 1983) was Michelle Obama's great-aunt: her mother's father's sister. In the 1940 census, she was listed as head of household,[215] with Marian Shields listed as niece.[216] Michelle Obama, in her memoir, Becoming, introduces Robbie and her husband, Terry, in the first chapter.[217] Her nuclear family moved into a small apartment on the second floor in their house while she was still a young child.[218] Robbie was Michelle's piano teacher[219] as well as nearest neighbor. When she died, Robbie, a widow, left the house to her mother, Marian, and father, Fraser Robinson, who moved downstairs.[220] Subsequently, Michelle moved into the second floor apartment while working at the law firm Sidley & Austin.[221] When Barack Obama settled in Chicago after graduating law school, he moved into this same apartment.[222]
Capers C. Funnye Jr. is Michelle Obama's first cousin once removed: his mother, Verdelle Robinson Funnye (born Verdelle Robinson; August 22, 1930 – April 16, 2000), was a sister of Michelle Obama's paternal grandfather, Fraser Robinson Jr. He is 12 years older, and Funnye and Obama grew to know each other as adults in Chicago, where both were involved in community organizing, along with Barack Obama. He is one of America's most prominent African-American rabbis, known for acting as a bridge between mainstream Jewry and African American Jews. He converted to Judaism after 1970, during years of activism when he regarded Christianity as having been imposed on slaves.[223]
^"Konrad Ng". White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Archived from the original on January 24, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
