Falciform ligament

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Falciform ligament
The falciform ligament is seen here, dividing the liver from the front into a left and a right lobe.
The liver viewed from above. Falciform ligament can be seen separating the left medial from the right lateral lobes of liver.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	ligamentum falciforme hepatis
TA98	A10.1.02.303
TA2	3771
FMA	15823
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

In human anatomy, the falciform ligament (from Latin 'sickle-shaped') is a ligament that attaches the liver to the front body wall and divides the liver into the left lobe and right lobe.^[1] The falciform ligament is a broad and thin fold of peritoneum, its base being directed downward and backward and its apex upward and forward. It droops down from the hilum of the liver.

Structure

The falciform ligament stretches obliquely from the front to the back of the abdomen, with one surface in contact with the peritoneum behind the right rectus abdominis muscle and the diaphragm, and the other in contact with the left lobe of the liver.

The ligament stretches from the underside of the diaphragm to the posterior surface of the sheath of the right rectus abdominis muscle, as low down as the umbilicus; by its right margin it extends from the notch on the anterior margin of the liver, as far back as the posterior surface.

It is composed of two layers of peritoneum closely united together.

Its base or free edge contains, between its layers, the round ligament and the paraumbilical veins.

Development

It is a remnant of the embryonic ventral mesentery. The umbilical vein of the fetus gives rise to the round ligament of liver in the adult, which is found in the free border of the falciform ligament.

Clinical significance

The falciform ligament can become canalized if an individual is suffering from portal hypertension. Due to the increase in venous congestion, blood is pushed down from the liver towards the anterior abdominal wall and if blood pools here, will result in dilatation of veins around the umbilicus. If these veins radiate out from the umbilicus, they can give the appearance of a head (the umbilicus) with hair of snakes (the veins) – this is referred to as caput medusae.^[2]

Additional images

Cross-section showing the primitive mesentery of a six weeks' human embryo
Cross-section showing folds of peritoneum in the upper abdomen
A cadaver liver seen from above, showing the falciform ligament at the top

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1192 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Garbar, Veronica; Newton, Bruce W. (2022), "Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Falciform Ligament", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30969680, retrieved 2022-12-06
^ Misdraji J, Embryology, anatomy, histology, and developmental anomalies of the liver. In, Sleisinger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 10th edition, Feldman M, Friedman LS and Branbdt LJ, eds. pp. 1217-122.

External links

Anatomy photo:37:04-0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Abdominal Cavity: The Falciform Ligament of the Liver"
Anatomy photo:38:12-0205 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Visceral Surface of the Liver"
Anatomy image:8373 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
liver at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
Cross section image: pembody/body8a—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna

Anatomy of the peritoneum and mesentery

General

Abdominal

From ventral mesentery	Lesser omentum Hepatoduodenal ligament Hepatogastric ligament Liver Coronary ligament (Left triangular ligament Right triangular ligament Hepatorenal ligament) Falciform ligament Round ligament of liver Ligamentum venosum
From dorsal mesentery	Greater omentum Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Mesentery Splenorenal ligament Phrenicocolic ligament Folds Umbilical folds Supravesical fossa Medial inguinal fossa Lateral umbilical fold Lateral inguinal fossa Ileocecal fold
Abdominal cavity	Greater sac Lesser sac Omental foramen
General	Cystohepatic triangle Hepatorenal recess Abdominal wall Inguinal triangle Peritoneal recesses Paracolic gutters Paramesenteric gutters

Pelvic

Uterus/ovaries	Broad ligament of the uterus Mesovarium Mesosalpinx Mesometrium) Ovarian ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary
Recesses	Female Rectouterine pouch Rectouterine fold (Uterosacral ligament) Vesicouterine pouch Ovarian fossa Paravesical fossa Retroperitonium Male Rectovesical pouch Pararectal fossa

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