Ensifentrine

Ensifentrine
Clinical data
Trade namesOhtuvayre
Other namesRPL-554, LS-193,855
AHFS/Drugs.comMultum Consumer Information
License data
Routes of
administration		Inhalation
Drug classPDE3 inhibitor/PDE4 inhibitor
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • N-{2-[(2E)-2-(mesitylimino)-9,10-dimethoxy-4-oxo-6,7-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[6,1-a]-isoquinolin-3(4H)-yl]ethyl}urea
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.245.423 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC26H31N5O4
Molar mass477.565 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Cc3cc(C)cc(C)c3N=c2cc1-c(cc4OC)c(cc4OC)CCn1c(=O)n2CCNC(N)=O
  • InChI=1S/C26H31N5O4/c1-15-10-16(2)24(17(3)11-15)29-23-14-20-19-13-22(35-5)21(34-4)12-18(19)6-8-30(20)26(33)31(23)9-7-28-25(27)32/h10-14H,6-9H2,1-5H3,(H3,27,28,32)/b29-23+ checkY
  • Key:CSOBIBXVIYAXFM-BYNJWEBRSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Ensifentrine, sold under the brand name Ohtuvayre, is a medication used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults.[1] It is a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor.[1] It is given by inhalation.[1]

It is an analog of trequinsin and, like trequinsin, is a highly selective inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase enzyme, PDE3; indeed, it is >3000-times more potent against PDE3 than PDE4.[2] As of October 2015, inhaled RPL-554 delivered via a nebulizer was in development for COPD and had been studied in asthma.[3]

PDE3 inhibitors act as bronchodilators, while PDE4 inhibitors have an anti-inflammatory effect.[2][4]

Medical uses

Ensifentrine is indicated for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults.[1]

History

Ensifentrine was part of a family of compounds invented by Sir David Jack, former head of R&D for GlaxoSmithKline, and Alexander Oxford, a medicinal chemist; the patents on their work were assigned to Vernalis plc.[5][6][7]: 19–20 

In 2005, Rhinopharma Ltd, acquired the rights to the intellectual property from Vernalis.[7]: 19–20  Rhinopharma was a startup founded in Vancouver, Canada in 2004 by Michael Walker, Clive Page, and David Saint, to discover and develop drugs for chronic respiratory diseases,[7]: 16  and intended to develop ensifentrine, delivered with an inhaler, first for allergic rhinitis, then asthma, then for COPD.[7]: 16–17  Ensifentrine was synthesized at a contract research organization, under the supervision of Oxford, and was studied in collaboration with Page's lab at King’s College, London.[2] In 2006 Rhinopharma recapitalized and was renamed Verona Pharma plc.[7]

Ensifentrine was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2024.[1][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Ohtuvayre- ensifentrine suspension". DailyMed. 18 June 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Boswell-Smith V, Spina D, Oxford AW, Comer MB, Seeds EA, Page CP (August 2006). "The pharmacology of two novel long-acting phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitors, RPL554 [9,10-dimethoxy-2(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimino)-3-(n-carbamoyl-2-aminoethyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one] and RPL565 [6,7-dihydro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)-9,10-dimethoxy-4H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one]" (PDF). The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 318 (2): 840–8. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.099192. PMID 16682455. S2CID 15490792. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2019.
  3. ^ Taylor NP (1 October 2015). "Verona sets sights on PhIIb after COPD drug comes through early trial". FierceBiotech.
  4. ^ Turner MJ, Matthes E, Billet A, Ferguson AJ, Thomas DY, Randell SH, et al. (January 2016). "The dual phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 inhibitor RPL554 stimulates CFTR and ciliary beating in primary cultures of bronchial epithelia". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 310 (1): L59-70. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00324.2015. PMID 26545902.
  5. ^ EP 1165558, Oxford AW, Jack D, "Derivatives of pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one", published 2002-01-02, assigned to Verona Pharma plc 
  6. ^ Boswell-Smith V, Spina D, Oxford AW, Comer MB, Seeds EA, Page CP (August 2006). "The pharmacology of two novel long-acting phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitors, RPL554 [9,10-dimethoxy-2(2,4,6-trimethylphenylimino)-3-(n-carbamoyl-2-aminoethyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one] and RPL565 [6,7-dihydro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)-9,10-dimethoxy-4H-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one]". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 318 (2): 840–848. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.099192. PMID 16682455. S2CID 15490792.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Proposed Acquisition of Rhinopharma" (PDF). Isis Resources plc. 23 August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2016.
  8. ^ "Novel Drug Approvals for 2024". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.