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Eleanor Holland
Eleanor Holland
Countess of Salisbury
	Eleanor Holland and her husband, Sir Thomas Montacute. (Wrythe Garter Book)
Born	1386; Upholland, Lancashire, England
Died	After 1413; Bisham Manor, Berkshire, England
Noble family	Holland
Spouse(s)	Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury
Issue	Alice Montacute, 5th Countess of Salisbury
Father	Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent
Mother	Lady Alice FitzAlan

Eleanor Holland, Countess of Salisbury (1386 – after 1413), was an English noblewoman, the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, a half-brother of King Richard II of England. She was the first wife of Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury. One of her brothers was Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent, to whom she was co-heiress. She is not to be confused with her eldest sister Alianore Holland, Countess of March who bore the same name.

Family

Lady Eleanor Holland was born in 1386 in Upholland, Lancashire, England, one of the ten children of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent and Lady Alice FitzAlan, sister of Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel. Eleanor's eldest sister, Lady Alianore Holland, Countess of March who married Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March shared the same name. They were named after their maternal grandmother.^[1] Eleanor's father was the half-brother of King Richard II. Her eldest brother Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey was beheaded in 1400 by a mob of angry citizens at Cirencester for his role in the Epiphany Rising, which was aimed against the life of King Henry IV of England, who had usurped the throne of King Richard. Thomas's heir to the earldom of Kent was her second eldest brother Edmund Holland, to whom Eleanor became co-heiress.

Her paternal grandparents were Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent and Joan of Kent, who was the mother of King Richard by her second marriage to Edward, the Black Prince; and her maternal grandparents were Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster.

Marriage and issue

Lady Eleanor married Sir Thomas Montagu, son of John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and Maud Francis, on 23 May 1399, as his first wife. She was about thirteen years old at the time of her marriage. Thomas would later become one of the most important commanders in the Hundred Years War. Eleanor did not assume the title of Countess of Salisbury until 14 June 1409, when the title, Earl of Salisbury, was nominally restored to Thomas.^[2] An attainder had been placed on his father's title and estates following his execution for his participation in the Epiphany Rising in 1400 alongside Eleanor's brother, Thomas. Eleanor's uncle John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter had also been part of the conspiracy but he had escaped the mob only to be captured in Essex and decapitated on the orders of her maternal aunt Joan Fitzalan, mother-in-law of King Henry IV.

Thomas and Eleanor made their home at Bisham Manor in Berkshire. Together they had one daughter:

Alice Montagu, 5th Countess of Salisbury (1407-3 April/9 December 1462), married in 1420, Richard Neville, by whom she had ten surviving children.^[3]

Eleanor died on an unknown date sometime after 1413. She was buried in Bisham Priory.^[4]

Thomas married secondly before 1424, Alice Chaucer, granddaughter of the noted author Geoffrey Chaucer, but their marriage was childless. He was mortally wounded on 27 October 1428 at the Siege of Orléans and died several days later on 3 November.

Alice, the daughter of Thomas and Eleanor, succeeded her father as suo jure 5th Countess of Salisbury. Through Alice, Eleanor was the grandmother of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and great-grandmother of Cecily Bonville, who became one of the wealthiest English heiresses in the 15th century.^[3] Eleanor was also the great-great-great-grandmother of queen consort Catherine Parr, the sixth and final wife of King Henry VIII.^[3]^[5]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Eleanor Holland, Countess of Salisbury

Sir Robert de Holland

Robert de Holland, 1st Baron Holand

Elizabeth de Samlesbury

Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent

Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby

Maud la Zouche

Eleanor de Segrave

Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent

Edward I of England

Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent

Marguerite of France

Joan of Kent

John Wake, 1st Baron Wake of Liddell

Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell

Joan de Fiennes

Eleanor Holland

Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel

Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel

Alice of Saluzzo

Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel

William de Warenne

Alice de Warenne

Joan de Vere

Lady Alice FitzAlan

Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster

Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster

Blanche of Artois

Eleanor of Lancaster

Sir Patrick de Chaworth, Lord of Kidwelly

Maud Chaworth

Isabella de Beauchamp

References

^ Note. It is likely that at the time of Eleanor's birth, her eldest sister Alianore was not expected to live. Antonia Fraser, on page 443 in her book, The Wives of Henry VIII, explains that in the Middle Ages, a newborn baby was sometimes named for an older sibling of the same sex who had died or was expected to die.
^ Rickard, John (2002). The Castle Community: The Personnel of English and Welsh Castles, 1272-1422. Boydell Press. p. 229. ISBN 9780851159133.
^ ^a ^b ^c David Baldwin. (2009) The Kingmaker's Sisters: Six Powerful Women in the Wars of the Roses. History Press. ISBN 9780752479903.
^ Ward, Jennifer C. (2014). English Noblewomen in the Later Middle Ages. Taylor & Francis. p. 161. ISBN 9781317899143.
^ Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry (Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2004), page 566.