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Egvekinot

Эгвекинот
Egvekinot Эгвекинот
Urban-type settlement
	Double rainbow over Egvekinot
	Location of Egvekinot
	Egvekinot Location of Egvekinot Egvekinot Egvekinot (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug)
	Coordinates: 66°19′06″N 179°07′24″W / 66.31833°N 179.12333°W
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Administrative district	Iultinsky District
Founded	1946
Government
• Head	Alexey Geraskin
Population (2010 Census)
• Total	2,790
• Estimate (January 2016)	2,815
Administrative status
• Capital of	Iultinsky District
Municipal status
• Municipal district	Iultinsky Municipal District
• Urban settlement	Egvekinot Urban Settlement
• Capital of	Iultinsky Municipal District, Egvekinot Urban settlement
Time zone	UTC+12 (MSK+9 )
Postal code(s)	689201, 689202
Dialing code(s)	+7 42734
OKTMO ID	77715000051

Egvekinot (Russian: Эгвекино́т; Chukchi: Эрвыӄыннот, Èrvyḳynnot, lit. sharp, hard land)^[2] is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Iultinsky District in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The population is 2,790 (2010 Census)^[3].

Geography

Egvekinot, located on the coast of Kresta Bay (a part of the Bering Sea) at the foot of mountains some 800 m (2,600 ft) high, is a port settlement with a maximum depth of 35 m (115 ft).^[8] It is located 1,675 km (1,041 mi) from Magadan, 236 km (147 mi) from Anadyr, and 6,097 km (3,789 mi) from Moscow.^[8]

History

Archeological excavations around the settlement have indicated that the area was inhabited in Neolithic times and possibly even in the Mesolithic, with the discovery of a number of stone implements, tools for grinding and obsidian arrowheads, all of which are now stored in the local museum in Egvekinot.^[8]

In 1937, metal deposits were discovered in Iultin.^[8] Due to the isolated nature of the area, the transportation of any minerals extracted would be difficult and it was decided that a new port would be created to serve the Iultin mines.^[8] Dalstroy formed a new section, "Chukotstroy", whose aim was to construct Egvekinot and the road connecting it with the Iultin mines.^[8]

Egvekinot was founded in 1946,^[2] under the supervision of B. N. Lenkov, the first head of Chukotstroy, specifically as a port so that the nearby Iultin Mining Complex about 180 km (110 mi) north of the settlement could be easily supplied with materials. On July 16, 1946, the MV Sovetskaya Latviya brought the first 1,500 settlers to Egvekinot.^[8] These construction workers were mainly political prisoners rather than willing emigrants. This labor force was responsible for the construction of the entire infrastructure in the area, including the construction of Egvekinot, the nearby village of Ozyorny, and the village of Iultin, as well as the 270 km (170 mi) road linking the mines to the new port, the power station, warehouses, and residential and industrial buildings.^[8]

As a result of this, the settlement became quite an important hub causing the population to grow to over 5,000 by the late 1980s. However, when the mining complex was closed in 1993, the economy of Egvekinot suffered with the population falling rapidly throughout the 1990s, although the 2010 Census details indicate a slight recovery in recent years.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Egvekinot serves as the administrative center of Iultinsky District, to which it is directly subordinated.^[1] As a municipal division, the urban-type settlement of Egvekinot is incorporated within Iultinsky Municipal District as Egvekinot Urban Settlement.^[5]

The nearby former selo of Ozyorny has been incorporated into Egvekinot as Ozyorny Microdistrict.

Transportation

Egvekinot can be reached by flights from Anadyr (236 km (147 mi)) which land at the Kresta Bay Airport [ru], though the spring meltwaters can cause the runway to become flooded. Infrequent helicopter service to Provideniya by Chukotavia.

Egvekinot is linked to the now abandoned settlement of Iultin by the Iultin-Egvekinot road [ru] (around 200 km (120 mi)) via Amguema, as well as to the abandoned settlements of Dorozhny, Tranzitny, and Geologichesky. The road crosses the Amguema River.

Demographics

Demographic Evolution
1959 Census	1970 Census	1979 Census	1989 Census	2002 Census	2010 Census
3,015^{[citation needed]}	3,360^[9]	4,657^[10]	5,478^[11]	2,413^[12]	2,790^[3]

Culture and sights

Nighttime panorama

A monument to the Mi-8 helicopter, a common sight in the air over Chukotka, is located in the airport.

There is a museum in the settlement which deals mainly with local history, people, and archeology, as well as a cultural center, home to the Zalivskiye Napevy folk chorus, the Sone song group, and Severyanka folk dance ensemble.^[2]

Egvekinot has one of only two ski slopes in Chukotka; a ski lodge can be found near the Staratelsky Stream.

Climate

Egvekinot, historically having a polar tundra climate (Köppen ET), has recently transitioned into a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) due to global warming^{[citation needed]}. Temperatures average below freezing from October all the way through to the following May, and can average below −20 °C (−4 °F) from December through to March. The short summer is temperate. The average temperature in January is −18.1 °C (−0.6 °F), and the average temperature in July is 10.5 °C (50.9 °F). Temperatures over 20 °C (68 °F) can occur during the brief summer, especially in July. On 10 July, 2019 the temperature reached for the first and only time 30 °C (86 °F), with the record high being 30.6 °C (87.1 °F).

Climate data for Egvekinot, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	6.3 (43.3)	5.1 (41.2)	6.0 (42.8)	7.8 (46.0)	23.0 (73.4)	28.8 (83.8)	30.6 (87.1)	25.0 (77.0)	19.4 (66.9)	12.8 (55.0)	7.9 (46.2)	9.5 (49.1)	30.6 (87.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−14.3 (6.3)	−13.1 (8.4)	−11.8 (10.8)	−5.8 (21.6)	2.8 (37.0)	11.3 (52.3)	14.3 (57.7)	12.9 (55.2)	7.8 (46.0)	0.1 (32.2)	−6.2 (20.8)	−11.9 (10.6)	−1.2 (29.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−18.1 (−0.6)	−17.2 (1.0)	−16.2 (2.8)	−9.9 (14.2)	−0.5 (31.1)	6.7 (44.1)	10.5 (50.9)	9.5 (49.1)	4.8 (40.6)	−2.3 (27.9)	−9.1 (15.6)	−15.2 (4.6)	−4.7 (23.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−21.8 (−7.2)	−21.3 (−6.3)	−20.5 (−4.9)	−14.0 (6.8)	−3.6 (25.5)	3.0 (37.4)	7.6 (45.7)	6.7 (44.1)	2.0 (35.6)	−4.8 (23.4)	−12.3 (9.9)	−18.6 (−1.5)	−8.1 (17.4)
Record low °C (°F)	−45.8 (−50.4)	−46.9 (−52.4)	−44.8 (−48.6)	−36.1 (−33.0)	−27.8 (−18.0)	−7.1 (19.2)	−0.1 (31.8)	−6 (21)	−10 (14)	−23.9 (−11.0)	−36 (−33)	−38.1 (−36.6)	−46.9 (−52.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	29 (1.1)	36 (1.4)	35 (1.4)	19 (0.7)	33 (1.3)	43 (1.7)	83 (3.3)	86 (3.4)	60 (2.4)	65 (2.6)	50 (2.0)	33 (1.3)	572 (22.6)
Average precipitation days	12.3	12.3	11.8	13.2	15.6	14.6	15.9	17.3	13.1	16.1	14.4	14.4	171
Average relative humidity (%)	71.2	71.4	72.8	74.3	79.4	80.1	79.6	80.9	76.0	70.5	69.2	69.0	74.5
Source 1: Погода и климат (temperatures)^[13]
Source 2: climatebase.ru (1948–2011)^[14]

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Directive #517-rp
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Fute, p. 125
^ ^a ^b ^c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^ Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность постоянного населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года Archived August 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Law #149-OZ
^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Alexander Spiridonov. Egvekinot-1996 (in Russian)
^ Перепись населения СССР 1970 года 1970 Census of the Soviet Union Archived March 23, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
^ "Climate of Egvekinot" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved November 3, 2019.
^ "Climatebase". Retrieved April 11, 2010.

Sources

Правительство Чукотского автономного округа. Распоряжение №517-рп от 30 декабря 2008 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных и территориальных образований Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Распоряжения №323-рп от 27 июня 2011 г. «О внесении изменений в Распоряжение Правительства Чукотского автономного округа от 30 декабря 2008 года №517-рп». Опубликован: База данных "Консультант-плюс". (Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Directive #517-rp of December 30, 2008 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Formations of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Directive #323-rp of June 27, 2011 On Amending the Government of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Directive No. 517-rp of December 30, 2008. ).
Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №149-ОЗ от 24 ноября 2008 г. «О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Иультинского муниципального района Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №85-ОЗ от 20 октября 2010 г «Об упразднении сельского поселения Нутэпэльмен Иультинского муниципального района Чукотского автономного округа и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Чукотского автономного округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №46/1 (373/1), 28 ноября 2008 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #149-OZ of November 24, 2008 On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Iultinsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #85-OZ of October 20, 2010 On the Abolition of Nutepelmen Rural Settlement of Iultinsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and on Amending Several Legislative Acts of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication date.).
Petit Fute, Chukotka