Demographics of Ukraine

Demographics of Ukraine
Ukraine's population pyramid, 2024
PopulationIncluding Russian occupied territory: 41,130,432 Decrease (State Statistics Service of Ukraine)[1]

Excluding Russian occupied territory: 36,744,636 Decrease (UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs)[2]

33,443,000 estimate in 2024 Decrease (International monetary fund[3])
Growth rate−6.6 Decrease people/1,000 population (2023)
Birth rate8.6 Increase births/1,000 population (2023)
Death rate15.2 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 population (2023)
Life expectancy71.76 years Increase (2018)[4]
 • male66.69 Decrease years
 • female76.72 Increase years
Fertility rate0.7 Decrease children born/woman (2023)
Infant mortality rate7.0 deaths/1,000 Positive decrease infants (2019)[4]
Net migration rate−5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015)
Age structure
0–14 yearsIncrease 15.4%
15–64 yearsDecrease 68.4%
65 and overNegative increase 16.2% (2017)
Sex ratio
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Under 151.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.92 male(s)/female
65 and over0.51 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian
Major ethnicUkrainians (77.8%) 2001
Minor ethnicRussians (17.3%) 2001, Other (4.9%) 2001
Language
OfficialUkrainian
SpokenUkrainian, Russian, others
Animated population pyramid from 1989 to 2021
Ukrainian population density by raion

According to the United Nations, Ukraine has a population of 37.9 million as of 2024.[5]

In July 2023, Reuters reported that due to refugee outflows, the population of Ukrainian-controlled areas may have decreased to 28 million,[6] a steep decline from Ukraine's 2020 population of almost 42 million.[7][8] This drop is in large part due to the ongoing Ukrainian refugee crisis and loss of territory caused by Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The most recent (and only) census of post-Soviet Ukraine occurred in 2001, and much of the information presented is potentially inaccurate and/or outdated.

History

Main article: Censuses in Ukraine
See also: Polish census of 1931, First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union, Soviet Census (1937), Soviet Census (1989), and Ukrainian Census (2001)

The majority of the historical information is sourced from Demoscope.ru.[9]

The territory of Ukraine has shifted greatly throughout history. Until 1939, Western Ukraine, west of the Zbruch River, had mostly been part of the Kingdom of Galicia and later the Polish Republic. Detailed information for those territories is missing (for more information, see Demographics of Poland). Crimea changed hands as well; in 1897 it was a part of the Taurida Governorate, but after the October Revolution became part of the Russian SFSR, and in 1954 was brought under the administration of the Ukrainian SSR. The territory of Budjak (southern Bessarabia) became a part of the Ukrainian SSR in June 1940.

There were roughly four million Ukrainians at the end of the 17th century.[10]

The censuses of 1926 through 1989 were conducted in the Ukrainian SSR. The 1897 census is drawn from the statistics of nine governorates located in present-day Ukraine. The 1906 records are taken from Statoids.com, which provides a broad degree of historical context on imperial Russia. The 1931 census statistics were estimated by Professor Zenon Kuzelia,[11] whose calculations are as of 1 January 1931. The Encyclopedia of Ukraine mentions Kuzelia as one of the only ethnographic sources available, due to the lack of an official census.[12][13]

[nb 1]

Famines and migration

The Ukrainian famines of the 1930s, followed by the devastation of World War II, created a demographic disaster for the country. In 1933, life expectancy at birth fell to levels as low as ten years of age for females and seven for males, and plateaued around 25 for females and 15 for males between 1941 and 1944.[14] According to The Oxford companion to World War II, "Over 7 million inhabitants of Ukraine, more than one-sixth of the pre-war population, were killed during the Second World War."[15]

Ukrainian refugees entering Romania, 5 March 2022

Significant migration took place in the first years of Ukrainian independence. More than one million people moved into Ukraine in 1991–92, mostly from other former Soviet republics. Between 1991 and 2004, a total of 2.2 million immigrated to Ukraine (2 million of these from other former Soviet Union states), and 2.5 million emigrated from Ukraine (1.9 million of these to other former Soviet Union republics).[16] As of 2015, immigrants in Ukraine constituted an estimated 11.4% of the total population, or 4.8 million people.[17] In 2006, there were an estimated 1.2 million Canadians of Ukrainian ancestry,[18] giving Canada the world's third-largest Ukrainian population, behind Ukraine and Russia. Outside of these, there are also large Ukrainian diaspora communities in Poland, the United States, Brazil, Kazakhstan, and Argentina.

Since about 2015, a growing number of Ukrainians have worked in the European Union, particularly Poland. Eurostat reported that 662,000 Ukrainians received EU residence permits in 2017, 585,439 of them in Poland. In 2019, World Bank statistics showed that money remittances back to Ukraine roughly doubled from 2015 to 2018, and amounted to approximately 4% of Ukraine's GDP.[19][20] Ukraine only keeps records of its citizens who apply for foreign citizenship, not foreign residency[21]

With the Russian invasion of Ukraine, eight million people fled during the ensuing Ukrainian refugee crisis, Europe's biggest since World War II. Most have gone to Central Europe.

Population decline

Population of Ukraine from 1950[22][23]

According to estimates by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the population of Ukraine (excluding Crimea) on 1 May 2021 was 41,442,615.[1]

The country's population has been declining since the 1990s because of a high emigration rate, coupled with high death rates and low birth rates. The population has been shrinking by an average of over 300,000 annually since 1993.

In 2007, the country's rate of population decline was the fourth highest in the world.[24] But between 2008 and 2010, over 1.5 million children were born in Ukraine, compared with fewer than 1.2 million in 1999–2001. In 2008, Ukraine posted record-breaking birth rates not seen since its 1991 independence. Infant mortality rates also dropped from 10.4 deaths to 8.3 per 1,000 children under one year of age, a lower rate than in 153 other countries.[25]

In 2019, the Ukrainian government conducted an electronic census using multiple sources, including mobile phone and pension data, and estimated that Ukraine's population, excluding Crimea and parts of the Donbas, to be 37.3 million. About 20 million were of active working age.[26][27]

The Russian invasion considerably deepened the country's demographic crisis due to the illegal annexation of multiple oblasts, numerous civilians fleeing the country, and high casualties. A July 2023 study by the Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies stated the following:

"Regardless of how long the war lasts and whether or not there is further military escalation, Ukraine is unlikely to recover demographically from the consequences of the war. Even in 2040 it will have only about 35 million inhabitants, around 20% fewer than before the war (2021: 42.8 million) and the decline in the working-age population is likely to be the most severe and far-reaching."

The study examined different scenarios, from a "best case", in which the war ended in 2023 without significant further escalation, to a "worst case", ending in 2025 after further escalation. Flight from war particularly affects the southern and eastern regions and especially educated women of child-bearing age and their children. With an estimate of more than 20% of refugees not returning, study author Maryna Tverdostup concludes that this will lead to long-term shrinking and will significantly impair the conditions for reconstruction.[28]

Fertility and natalist policies

As of 2020, the birth rate in Ukraine was 8.1 live births/1,000 population, and the death rate 14.7 deaths/1,000 population.[4]

Lowest-low fertility, defined as total fertility below 1.3, is being encountered across Europe, attributed by many to postponement of the initiation of childbearing. Ukraine, where total fertility (1.1 in 2001), was one of the world's lowest, shows that there is more than one pathway to lowest-low fertility. Although Ukraine underwent immense political and economic transformations from 1991 to 2004, it maintained a young age at first birth and nearly universal childbearing. Analysis of official national statistics and the Ukrainian Reproductive Health Survey show that fertility declined to very low levels without a transition to a later pattern of childbearing. Findings from focus group interviews suggest that the early fertility pattern was explained by the persistence of traditional norms for childbearing and the roles of men and women, concerns about medical complications and infertility at a later age, and the link between early fertility and early marriage.[29] Ukraine subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with an average age of 40.8 years.[30]

To help mitigate population decline, the government increased child support payments, providing one-time payments of 12,250 hryvnias for the first child, 25,000 hryvnias for the second and 50,000 hryvnias for the third and fourth, along with monthly payments of 154 hryvnias per child.[31][32] The demographic trend showed signs of improvement as the birth rate grew steadily from 2001 to 2013.[33] Five of the country's 24 provinces showed net population growth over the first nine months of 2007, and nationwide population decline showed signs of stabilization. In 2007, the highest birth rates were in the western oblasts.[34] In 2008, Ukraine emerged from lowest-low fertility, and the upward trend continued to 2012, with population decline slowing year after year. If early 2010s trends had persisted, the population could have returned to positive growth later that decade. Similar trends occurred in Russia and Belarus, which experienced population growth in the 2010s.

In 2014, the strong drop in births returned, and 2018 saw fewer than half the number of births of 1989 (see demographic tables). In 2020, the number of births decreased to 293,000, reaching rates not seen in a quarter century.

Mass emigration and property destruction caused by the Russian invasion led Ukraine's birth to drop still further: it was 28% lower in the first half of 2023 than the first half of 2021.[35] However, a small but meaningful increase in births may have occurred, with a potential fertility rate increase to 1.60 children per woman, higher than the 2012 peak of 1.53.[36]

Population

Life expectancy in Ukraine since 1900
Life expectancy in Ukraine since 1960 by gender

Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth by oblast, 2012
  • total population: 71.37 Increase years
  • male: 66.34 Increase years
  • female: 76.22 Increase years (2013 official)

Average life expectancy at birth of the total population.[37]

Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 61.83
1955–1960 Increase 67.11
1960–1965 Increase 69.69
1965–1970 Increase 70.66
1970–1975 Decrease 70.57
1975–1980 Decrease 69.65
1980–1985 Decrease 69.15
1985–1990 Increase 70.55
1990–1995 Decrease 68.72
1995–2000 Decrease 67.36
2000–2005 Increase 67.46
2005–2010 Increase 67.89
2010–2015 Increase 71.12
Natural population growth of Ukraine, 1950–2010.[38][39][40]
  Birth rate
  Death rate
  Natural growth rate

Total fertility rate

  • 1.12 Decrease children born/woman (2000)
  • 1.44 Increase children born/woman (2010)
  • 1.22 Decrease children born/women (2020)

Vital statistics

Notable events in Ukrainian demographics:

Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire

The figures below refer to the nine governorates of the Russian Empire (Volhynia, Katerynoslav, Kyiv, Podilia, Poltava, Tauryda, Kharkiv, Kherson and Chernihiv) with a Ukrainian majority.[41]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Total fertility rates
1900 24,969,000 1,203,334 660,723 542,611 48.2 26.5 21.7
1901 25,505,000 1,123,519 657,883 465,636 44.1 25.8 18.3
1902 25,935,000 1,207,512 681,580 525,932 46.6 26.3 20.3
1903 26,449,000 1,188,404 663,067 525,337 44.9 25.1 19.9
1904 26,961,000 1,228,116 682,068 546,048 45.6 25.3 20.3
1905 27,210,000 1,160,308 779,107 381,201 41.1 27.6 14.0
1906 27,949,000 1,225,951 724,045 501,906 43.9 25.9 18.0
1907 28,418,000 1,279,027 701,451 577,576 45.0 24.7 20.3
1908 29,069,000 1,232,862 692,624 540,238 42.4 23.8 18.6
1909 29,700,000 1,226,155 744,818 481,337 41.3 25.1 16.2
1910 30,297,000 1,225,658 839,491 386,167 40.5 27.7 12.7
1911 30,858,000 1,240,985 670,742 570,243 40.2 21.7 18.5
1912 30,580,000 1,245,358 654,157 591,201 40.7 21.4 19.3
1913 31,142,000 1,222,277 715,924 506,353 39.2 23.0 16.3 6.00
1914 30,973,000 1,240,114 716,875 523,239 40.0 23.1 16.9

Between WWI and WWII

[42] Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates Life Expectancy (male) Life Expectancy (female)
1924 27,400,000 1,211,000 484,880 726,120 43.3 17.3 25.9
1925 28,000,000 1,246,000 531,819 714,181 43.4 18.5 24.9 5.39
1926 28,700,000 1,258,000 518,656 739,344 42.5 17.5 25.0
1927 29,589,000 1,228,000 579,000 649,000 40.6 19.1 21.5 43.3 46.8
1928 30,251,000 1,178,000 575,000 603,000 38.1 18.6 19.5 44.6 48.7
1929 30,894,000 1,115,000 585,000 530,000 35.5 18.6 16.9 42.8 46.7
1930 31,436,000 1,053,000 580,000 473,000 33.0 18.2 14.8 42.5 46.9
1931 31,882,000 1,001,000 553,000 448,000 31.0 17.1 13.9 43.5 47.9
1932 32,342,000 801,000 746,000 55,000 24.7 23.0 1.7 34.5 39.4
1933 32,456,000 564,000 2,104,000 -1,540,000 17.4 64.8 -47.4
1934 30,916,000 562,000 508,000 54,000 18.1 16.4 1.7 37.6 42.1
1935 31,006,000 770,000 381,000 389,000 24.5 12.1 12.4 46.3 52.7
1936 31,423,000 905,000 403,000 502,000 28.3 12.6 15.7 47.6 53.0
1937 31,957,000 1,227,000 450,000 777,000 37.5 13.7 23.7 46.2 51.9
1938 32,742,000 1,123,000 451,000 672,000 33.6 13.5 20.1 47.9 52.7
1939 33,425,000 1,080,000 412,600 667,400 31.7 12.1 19.6 47.7 52.5
1940(b) 40,649,000 1,243,000 30.6 3.80 47.4 52.4

(a) Information is given for Ukraine's territory within its old boundaries up to 17 September 1939 (b) Information is given for Ukraine's territory within its present-day boundaries, after the Soviet annexation of Eastern Galicia and Volhynia in September 1939

After WWII

Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine[43]

Average population
 Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates Urban fertility Rural fertility Abortions, reported
1945 435,230
1946 753,493
1947 712,994
1948 757,783
1949 911,641
1950 36,905,000 844,585 315,300 529,300 22.9 8.5 14.3 2.81
1951 37,569,000 858,052 327,500 530,600 22.8 8.7 14.1 2.76
1952 38,141,000 846,434 325,700 520,700 22.2 8.5 13.7 2.64
1953 38,678,000 795,652 326,800 468,900 20.6 8.4 12.1 2.41
1954 39,131,000 845,128 318,500 526,600 21.6 8.1 13.5 2.48
1955 39,506,000 792,696 296,200 496,500 20.1 7.5 12.6 2.70
1956 40,082,000 822,569 293,000 529,600 20.5 7.3 13.2 2.29
1957 40,800,000 847,781 304,800 543,000 20.8 7.5 13.3 2.29
1958 41,512,000 873,483 286,700 586,800 21.0 6.9 14.1 2.30
1959 42,155,000 880,552 316,800 563,800 20.9 7.5 13.4 2.29
1960 42,469,000 878,768 296,171 582,597 20.7 7.0 13.7 2.24
1961 43,097,000 843,482 304,346 539,136 19.6 7.1 12.5 2.17
1962 43,559,000 823,151 331,454 491,697 18.9 7.6 11.3 2.14
1963 44,088,000 794,969 323,556 471,413 17.9 7.3 10.6 2.06
1964 44,664,000 741,668 315,340 426,328 16.5 7.0 9.5 1.96
1965 45,133,000 692,153 342,717 349,436 15.3 7.6 7.7 1.99
1966 45,548,000 713,492 344,850 368,642 15.6 7.5 8.1 2.02
1967 45,997,000 699,381 368,573 330,808 15.1 8.0 7.2 2.01
1968 46,408,000 693,064 374,440 318,624 14.9 8.0 6.9 1.99
1969 46,778,000 687,991 404,151 283,840 14.7 8.6 6.1 2.04
1970 47,127,000 719,213 418,679 300,534 15.2 8.9 6.4 2.10 1,130,315
1971 47,507,000 736,691 424,717 311,974 15.4 8.9 6.6 2.12
1972 47,903,000 745,696 443,038 302,658 15.5 9.2 6.3 2.08
1973 48,274,000 719,560 449,351 270,209 14.9 9.3 5.6 2.04
1974 48,571,000 736,616 455,970 280,646 15.1 9.4 5.8 2.04
1975 48,881,000 738,857 489,550 249,307 15.1 10.0 5.1 2.02 1,110,223
1976 49,151,000 747,069 500,584 246,485 15.2 10.2 5.0 1.99
1977 49,388,000 726,217 517,967 208,250 14.7 10.5 4.2 1.94
1978 49,578,000 732,187 529,681 202,506 14.7 10.7 4.1 1.96
1979 49,755,000 735,188 552,019 183,169 14.7 11.1 3.7 1.96
1980 50,044,000 742,489 568,243 174,246 14.8 11.4 3.5 1.95 1,197,000
1981 50,222,000 733,183 568,789 164,394 14.6 11.3 3.3 1.93 1,112,734
1982 50,388,000 745,591 568,231 177,360 14.8 11.3 3.5 1.94 1,131,437
1983 50,573,000 807,111 583,496 223,615 16.0 11.6 4.4 2.11 1,125,686
1984 50,768,000 792,035 610,338 181,697 15.6 12.0 3.6 2.08 1,127,627
1985 50,941,000 762,775 617,548 145,227 15.0 12.1 2.9 2.02 1,179,000
1986 51,143,000 792,574 565,150 227,424 15.5 11.1 4.4 2.13 1,166,039
1987 51,373,000 760,851 586,387 174,464 14.8 11.4 3.4 2.07 1,168,136
1988 51,593,000 744,056 600,725 143,331 14.4 11.6 2.8 2.04 1,080,029
1989 51,770,000 690,981 600,590 90,391 13.3 11.6 1.7 1.92 1.78 2.33 1,058,414
1990 51,838,500 657,202 629,602 27,600 12.7 12.1 0.5 1.84 1.69 2.27 1,019,038
1991 51,944,400 630,813 669,960 -39,147 12.1 12.9 -0.8 1.78 1.60 2.29 957,022
1992 52,056,600 596,785 697,110 -100,325 11.4 13.4 -1.9 1.67 1.48 2.23 932,272
1993 52,244,100 557,467 741,662 -184,195 10.7 14.2 -3.5 1.56 1.37 2.08 860,996
1994 52,114,400 521,545 764,669 -243,124 10.0 14.7 -4.7 1.47 1.28 1.98 798,538
1995 51,728,400 492,861 792,587 -299,726 9.6 15.4 -5.8 1.40 1.21 1.88 740,172
1996 51,297,100 467,211 776,717 -309,506 9.2 15.2 -6.0 1.34 1.16 1.79 687,035
1997 50,818,400 442,581 754,151 -311,570 8.7 14.9 -6.1 1.27 1.10 1.70 596,740
1998 50,370,800 419,238 719,954 -300,716 8.4 14.4 -6.0 1.21 1.05 1.64 525,329
1999 49,918,100 389,208 739,170 -349,962 7.8 14.9 -7.0 1.13 0.97 1.53 495,760
2000 49,429,800 385,126 758,082 -372,956 7.8 15.4 -7.6 1.12 0.97 1.51 434,223
2001 48,923,200 376,478 745,952 -369,474 7.7 15.3 -7.6 1.08 0.95 1.41 369,750
2002 48,457,102 390,688 754,911 -364,223 8.1 15.7 -7.6 1.10 0.97 1.43 345,967
2003 48,003,463 408,589 765,408 -356,819 8.5 16.0 -7.4 1.17 1.07 1.45 315,835
2004 47,622,434 427,259 761,261 -334,002 9.0 16.0 -7.0 1.22 1.13 1.46 289,065
2005 47,280,817 426,086 781,961 -355,875 9.0 16.6 -7.5 1.21 1.12 1.46 263,950
2006 46,929,525 460,368 758,092 -297,724 9.8 16.2 -6.3 1.31 1.21 1.59 229,618
2007 46,646,046 472,657 762,877 -290,220 10.2 16.4 -6.2 1.35 1.24 1.63 210,454
2008 46,372,664 510,589 754,460 -243,871 11.0 16.3 -5.3 1.46 1.35 1.75 217,413
2009 46,143,714 512,525 706,739 -194,214 11.1 15.3 -4.2 1.47 1.35 1.78 194,845
2010 45,962,947 497,689 698,235 -200,546 10.8 15.2 -4.4 1.44 1.31 1.77 176,774
2011 45,778,534 502,595 664,588 -161,993 11.0 14.5 -3.5 1.46 1.32 1.80 169,131
2012 45,633,637 520,705 663,139 -142,434 11.4 14.5 -3.1 1.53 1.39 1.87 153,147
2013 45,553,047 503,657 662,368 -158,711 11.1 14.6 -3.5 1.51 1.37 1.83 147,736
2014 45,426,249 465,882 632,296 -166,414 10.3 14.0 -3.7 1.50 1.35 1.83 116,104
2015 42,929,298 411,781 594,796 -183,015 9.6 13.9 -4.3 1.51 1.39 1.71 106,357
2016 42,760,516 397,037 583,631 -186,594 9.3 13.6 -4.3 1.47 1.36 1.64 101,121
2017 42,584,542 363,987 574,123 -210,136 8.5 13.5 -5.0 1.37 1.28 1.52 94,665
2018 42,386,403 335,874 587,665 -251,791 7.9 13.9 -6.0 1.30 1.22 1.43 46,552
2019 42,153,201 308,817 581,114 -272,297 7.3 13.8 -6.5 1.23 1.16 1.34 74,606
2020 41,902,416 293,457 616,835 -323,378 7.0 14.7 -7.7 1.22 1.13 1.36
2021 41,167,336 271,983 714,263 -442,280 6.6 17.4 -10.8 1.16 1.08 1.29
2022[44] 35,100,000(e) 206,032 541,739 -335,707 6.0 15.4 -9.4
2023 32,544,634 187,387 496,200 -308,813 5.4 15.2 -9.8 1.00
2024 31,293,500

Note: Data excludes Crimea starting in 2014.[45]

Current vital statistics

[43]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January-June 2023 96,755 258,055 -161,300
January-June 2024 87,600 250,972 -163,372
Difference Decrease −9,155 (-9.4%) Positive decrease -7,083 (-2.7%) Decrease -2,072

Note: Russia occupied and later annexed the Crimean Peninsula in 2014. The annexation is internationally recognized only by a small number of nations. Following the occupation, the Ukrainian statistics service could no longer provide accurate data on Crimea. Thus, as of 2014, the territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol are not included in the Demographics of Ukraine but in the Demographics of Russia. All data from State Statistics Service of Ukraine.

Structure of the population

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021) (The government of Ukraine has informed the United Nations that it is not in a position to provide statistical data on the Autonomous Republic of Crimea or the city of Sevastopol.): [46]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 19 195 376 22 223 341 41 418 717 100
0–4 871 807 817 549 1 689 356 4.08
5–9 1 184 223 1 113 485 2 297 708 5.55
10–14 1 179 905 1 112 800 2 292 705 5.54
15–19 978 279 923 149 1 901 428 4.59
20–24 1 029 297 969 836 1 999 133 4.83
25–29 1 323 862 1 255 946 2 579 808 6.23
30–34 1 705 251 1 646 672 3 351 923 8.09
35–39 1 758 922 1 739 010 3 497 932 8.45
40–44 1 533 807 1 583 673 3 117 480 7.53
45–49 1 420 874 1 541 601 2 962 475 7.15
50–54 1 269 395 1 447 927 2 717 322 6.56
55–59 1 285 999 1 603 824 2 889 823 6.98
60–64 1 225 350 1 685 084 2 910 434 7.03
65–69 921 671 1 454 610 2 376 281 5.74
70–74 656 532 1 190 134 1 846 666 4.46
75–79 323 037 740 699 1 063 736 2.57
80–84 335 863 874 371 1 210 234 2.92
85–89 113 869 308 482 422 351 1.02
90–94 54 945 164 392 219 337 0.53
95–99 15 892 37 973 53 865 0.13
100+ 6 596 12 124 18 720 0.05
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 3 235 935 3 043 834 6 279 769 15.16
15–64 13 531 036 14 396 722 27 927 758 67.43
65+ 2 428 405 4 782 785 7 211 190 17.41

Regional data

Population by oblast

Population of Ukraine by Oblast as of December 2021
Name of Oblast Population as of Dec 2021 According to the electronic census on December 1, 2019
 Donetsk Oblast 4,062,839 1,981,200
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 3,100,320 3,230,000
Kyiv Kyiv City 2,952,577 3,703,100
 Kharkiv Oblast 2,602,207 2,795,000
 Lviv Oblast 2,480,137 2,290,100
 Odesa Oblast 2,352,648 2,347,900
 Luhansk Oblast 2,104,531 1,127,500
 Kyiv Oblast 1,795,099 2,286,400
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast 1,640,876 1,656,700
 Vinnytsia Oblast 1,511,574 1,331,400
 Poltava Oblast 1,354,444 1,337,000
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 1,352,973 1,125,700
 Zakarpattia Oblast 1,245,491 924,700
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast 1,230,507 1,024,700
 Zhytomyr Oblast 1,180,638 1,062,600
 Cherkasy Oblast 1,162,439 1,088,100
 Rivne Oblast 1,142,599 943,600
 Mykolaiv Oblast 1,093,492 1,053,200
 Sumy Oblast 1,037,237 932,500
 Ternopil Oblast 1,022,625 763,600
 Volyn Oblast 1,022,107 903,600
 Kherson Oblast 1,002,923 913,700
 Chernihiv Oblast 961,054 912,600
 Kirovohrad Oblast 905,715 826,800
 Chernivtsi Oblast 891,054 727,500
 Ukraine 41,208,106 37,289,400

Birth data by oblast

Note: Recent data for Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts have been affected by the war in Donbas, and may only include births within the government-held parts of the oblasts.[47]

Number of births by oblast for January–November Birth/2016 Birth/2015 Death/2016 Death/2015
Kyiv Kyiv City 33416 Increase 32382 Increase 27772 Negative increase 27767 Negative increase
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 28473 Decrease 30620 Decrease 47934 Positive decrease 49258 Negative increase
 Lviv Oblast 25708 Increase 25007 Decrease 29247 Positive decrease 30010 Negative increase
 Odesa Oblast 24246 Decrease 25182 Decrease 30479 Positive decrease 31512 Negative increase
 Kharkiv Oblast 21992 Decrease 22864 Decrease 38502 Positive decrease 38965 Negative increase
 Donetsk Oblast 17772 Increase 15608 Decrease 33464 Positive decrease 36883 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast 17559 Decrease 18485 Decrease 25623 Positive decrease 26046 Negative increase
 Zakarpattia Oblast 14862 Decrease 15525 Decrease 13880 Positive decrease 14164 Negative increase
 Rivne Oblast 14454 Decrease 14809 Decrease 13261 Positive decrease 13426 Negative increase
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast 14430 Decrease 15140 Decrease 25533 Positive decrease 25657 Negative increase
 Vinnytsia Oblast 14153 Decrease 15126 Decrease 22521 Positive decrease 23237 Positive decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 13547 Decrease 14412 Decrease 15616 Positive decrease 16144 Negative increase
 Volyn Oblast 12047 Decrease 12307 Decrease 12311 Positive decrease 12602 Negative increase
 Zhytomyr Oblast 11958 Decrease 12526 Decrease 18301 Positive decrease 19085 Positive decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast 11793 Decrease 12768 Decrease 18097 Positive decrease 18702 Negative increase
 Poltava Oblast 11503 Decrease 12381 Decrease 22084 Positive decrease 22440 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast 9904 Decrease 10626 Decrease 15834 Positive decrease 16316 Negative increase
 Kherson Oblast 9877 Decrease 10476 Decrease 14891 Positive decrease 15055 Negative increase
 Cherkasy Oblast 9721 Decrease 10560 Decrease 18437 Negative increase 18315 Positive decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast 9461 Decrease 9851 Decrease 10399 Positive decrease 10738 Negative increase
 Ternopil Oblast 9177 Decrease 9912 Decrease 13584 Positive decrease 13962 Negative increase
 Kirovohrad Oblast 8189 Decrease 8662 Decrease 14810 Negative increase 14809 Positive decrease
 Sumy Oblast 8169 Decrease 8959 Decrease 16982 Positive decrease 17322 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast 7816 Decrease 8359 Decrease 17515 Positive decrease 18199 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast 5960 Increase 4978 Decrease 12689 Positive decrease 13401 Positive decrease
Number of births by oblast Birth/2014 Birth/2013 Birth/2012 Birth/2011 Death/2014 Death/2013 Death/2012 Death/2011
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 36497 Increase 36134 Decrease 37087 Increase 36116 Increase 52722 Negative increase 51134 Positive decrease 51486 Positive decrease 52106 Positive decrease
 Donetsk Oblast 35595 Decrease 41034 Decrease 42839 Increase 41720 Increase 71799 Negative increase 69345 Positive decrease 70496 Positive decrease 71042 Positive decrease
Kyiv Kyiv City 34821 Increase 33305 Decrease 33887 Increase 32068 Decrease 29992 Negative increase 28003 Negative increase 27840 Negative increase 27050 Positive decrease
 Lviv Oblast 30270 Increase 29542 Decrease 30220 Increase 28904 Increase 32450 Negative increase 31666 Positive decrease 31667 Negative increase 31162 Positive decrease
 Odesa Oblast 29465 Increase 29075 Decrease 30384 Increase 29225 Increase 34155 Negative increase 33523 Positive decrease 33648 Positive decrease 33688 Positive decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast 27690 Increase 26700 Decrease 27244 Increase 26317 Increase 41891 Negative increase 39465 Positive decrease 40130 Negative increase 40079 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast 20900 Increase 20511 Decrease 20966 Increase 20083 Increase 28264 Negative increase 27198 Negative increase 27161 Negative increase 26847 Positive decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast 18713 Increase 18134 Decrease 18882 Increase 18198 Increase 27773 Negative increase 26498 Negative increase 26406 Positive decrease 27033 Positive decrease
 Zakarpattia Oblast 18377 Decrease 18490 Decrease 18968 Increase 18460 Increase 14808 Negative increase 14801 Positive decrease 14813 Negative increase 14588 Positive decrease
 Vinnytsia Oblast 17547 Increase 17437 Decrease 18339 Increase 17894 Increase 25567 Negative increase 25453 Negative increase 25158 Positive decrease 25376 Positive decrease
 Rivne Oblast 17169 Decrease 17445 Decrease 18316 Increase 17697 Increase 14714 Negative increase 14556 Negative increase 14302 Negative increase 14168 Positive decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 16886 Increase 16716 Decrease 17101 Increase 16497 Increase 17670 Negative increase 17358 Negative increase 16801 Negative increase 16657 Positive decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast 15115 Increase 15001 Decrease 15486 Increase 15154 Increase 21185 Negative increase 20859 Negative increase 20685 Negative increase 20417 Positive decrease
 Volyn Oblast 14668 Decrease 14700 Decrease 15346 Increase 14620 Decrease 13748 Negative increase 13666 Positive decrease 13710 Positive decrease 13842 Positive decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast 14631 Increase 14548 Decrease 14881 Increase 14492 Increase 20408 Positive decrease 20581 Negative increase 20362 Negative increase 20116 Positive decrease
 Poltava Oblast 14504 Increase 14296 Decrease 14635 Increase 14167 Decrease 24784 Negative increase 24358 Negative increase 24223 Positive decrease 24384 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast 13076 Increase 13043 Decrease 13515 Increase 13029 Increase 17750 Negative increase 17353 Negative increase 17277 Positive decrease 17441 Positive decrease
 Cherkasy Oblast 12351 Increase 12100 Decrease 12798 Increase 12473 Increase 20800 Negative increase 20477 Positive decrease 20667 Positive decrease 20848 Positive decrease
 Kherson Oblast 12308 Increase 12300 Decrease 12643 Increase 12085 Decrease 16141 Negative increase 16048 Negative increase 15904 Negative increase 15828 Positive decrease
 Ternopil Oblast 11717 Decrease 11807 Decrease 12202 Increase 11964 Increase 15180 Negative increase 14682 Positive decrease 14838 Negative increase 14829 Positive decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast 11679 Increase 11465 Decrease 11592 Increase 11281 Increase 11619 Negative increase 11520 Negative increase 11321 Positive decrease 11192 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast 11442 Decrease 20531 Decrease 21743 Increase 21320 Increase 22755 Positive decrease 35822 Positive decrease 36316 Positive decrease 37256 Positive decrease
 Kirovohrad Oblast 10576 Increase 10562 Decrease 11029 Increase 10578 Increase 16716 Negative increase 16513 Positive decrease 16521 Positive decrease 16697 Positive decrease
 Sumy Oblast 10344 Decrease 10411 Decrease 11093 Increase 10473 Increase 19452 Negative increase 19219 Negative increase 19002 Negative increase 18833 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast 9552 Decrease 9852 Decrease 10222 Increase 10134 Increase 20324 Negative increase 19909 Positive decrease 20208 Negative increase 20179 Positive decrease
Birth rate by oblast Birth/2014 Birth/2013 Birth/2012 Birth/2011 Death/2014 Death/2013 Death/2012 Death/2011
 Rivne Oblast 14.8 Decrease 15.1 Decrease 15.9 Increase 15.3 Increase 12.7 Negative increase 12.6 Negative increase 12.4 Negative increase 12.3 Positive decrease
 Zakarpattia Oblast 14.6 Decrease 14.7 Decrease 15.1 Increase 14.8 Increase 11.8 Steady 11.8 Steady 11.8 Negative increase 11.7 Positive decrease
 Volyn Oblast 14.1 Steady 14.1 Decrease 14.8 Increase 14.1 Decrease 13.2 Negative increase 13.1 Positive decrease 13.2 Positive decrease 13.3 Positive decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast 12.9 Increase 12.6 Decrease 12.8 Increase 12.5 Increase 12.8 Negative increase 12.7 Negative increase 12.5 Negative increase 12.4 Positive decrease
 Odesa Oblast 12.3 Increase 12.1 Decrease 12.7 Increase 12.2 Increase 14.3 Negative increase 14.0 Positive decrease 14.1 Steady 14.1 Positive decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 12.2 Increase 12.1 Decrease 12.4 Increase 12.0 Increase 12.8 Negative increase 12.6 Negative increase 12.2 Negative increase 12.1 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast 12.1 Increase 11.9 Decrease 12.2 Increase 11.7 Increase 16.4 Positive decrease 15.8 Steady 15.8 Negative increase 15.6 Positive decrease
Kyiv Kyiv City 12.1 Increase 11.7 Decrease 12.0 Increase 11.4 Decrease 10.4 Negative increase 9.8 Steady 9.8 Negative increase 9.6 Positive decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast 12.0 Increase 11.9 Decrease 12.2 Increase 11.9 Increase 16.8 Negative increase 16.5 Negative increase 16.3 Negative increase 16.0 Positive decrease
 Lviv Oblast 11.9 Increase 11.6 Decrease 11.9 Increase 11.4 Increase 12.8 Negative increase 12.4 Positive decrease 12.5 Negative increase 12.3 Positive decrease
 Kherson Oblast 11.5 Increase 11.4 Decrease 11.7 Increase 11.1 Decrease 15.1 Negative increase 14.9 Negative increase 14.7 Negative increase 14.6 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast 11.2 Increase 11.1 Decrease 11.5 Increase 11.0 Increase 15.2 Negative increase 14.8 Negative increase 14.7 Positive decrease 14.8 Positive decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast 11.2 Increase 11.1 Decrease 11.3 Increase 11.0 Increase 15.6 Positive decrease 15.7 Increase 15.5 Negative increase 15.2 Positive decrease
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 11.1 Increase 11.0 Decrease 11.2 Increase 10.9 Increase 16.0 Negative increase 15.5 Steady 15.5 Positive decrease 15.7 Positive decrease
 Vinnytsia Oblast 10.9 Increase 10.8 Decrease 11.2 Increase 10.9 Increase 15.9 Negative increase 15.7 Negative increase 15.4 Positive decrease 15.5 Positive decrease
 Ternopil Oblast 10.9 Decrease 11.0 Decrease 11.3 Increase 11.1 Increase 14.2 Negative increase 13.7 Positive decrease 13.8 Negative increase 13.7 Positive decrease
 Kirovohrad Oblast 10.8 Increase 10.7 Decrease 11.0 Increase 10.5 Increase 17.0 Negative increase 16.7 Negative increase 16.5 Positive decrease 16.6 Positive decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast 10.6 Increase 10.2 Decrease 10.6 Increase 10.1 Increase 15.7 Negative increase 14.9 Negative increase 14.8 Positive decrease 15.0 Positive decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast 10.1 Increase 9.8 Decrease 9.9 Increase 9.6 Increase 15.3 Negative increase 14.4 Positive decrease 14.6 Steady 14.6 Positive decrease
 Poltava Oblast 10.0 Increase 9.8 Decrease 9.9 Increase 9.5 Steady 17.1 Negative increase 16.7 Negative increase 16.5 Negative increase 16.4 Positive decrease
 Cherkasy Oblast 9.8 Increase 9.6 Decrease 10.1 Increase 9.8 Increase 16.5 Negative increase 16.2 Steady 16.2 Positive decrease 16.3 Positive decrease
 Sumy Oblast 9.2 Steady 9.2 Decrease 9.7 Increase 9.1 Increase 17.2 Negative increase 16.9 Negative increase 16.6 Negative increase 16.3 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast 9.0 Decrease 9.2 Decrease 9.4 Increase 9.3 Increase 19.2 Negative increase 18.6 Positive decrease 18.7 Negative increase 18.5 Positive decrease
 Donetsk Oblast 8.2 Decrease 9.4 Decrease 9.8 Increase 9.5 Increase 16.6 Negative increase 15.9 Positive decrease 16.1 Steady 16.1 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast 5.1 Decrease 9.1 Decrease 9.6 Increase 9.3 Increase 10.2 Positive decrease 15.9 Positive decrease 16.0 Positive decrease 16.3 Positive decrease

Year in review 2013

Compared to 2012, the amount of attrition increased in 2013 by 16,278 persons, or 3.1 to 3.5 persons per 1,000 inhabitants (real). Natural decreases were observed in 23 oblasts of the country, while natural increases were recorded only in Kyiv and in the Zakarpattya, Rivne and Volyn oblasts (5,302, 3,689, 2,889 and 1,034 people, respectively).

Some regions registered a low natural decline, such as Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Sevastopol, Lviv, Ternopil, Crimea, Kherson and Odesa (−55, −642, −863, −2,124, −2,875, −2,974, −3,748 and −4,448 people, respectively). The largest declines were recorded in Donetsk, Luhansk, Dnipro, Kharkiv, Poltava and Chernihiv (−28,311, −15,291, −15,007, −12,765, −10,062 and −10,057, respectively), regions which share a low birth rate and high mortality of a large urban population and rapid aging of the rural population.

Net migration rate

-5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015).

Infant mortality rate

  • 9.1 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,564 deaths (2010)
  • 9.0 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,511 deaths (2011)
  • 8.4 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,371 deaths (2012)
  • 8.0 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,030 deaths (2013)
  • 8.9 Negative increase deaths/1,000 infants live births for 2,193 death for January–June 2011
  • 8.6 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 2,190 death for January–June 2012
  • 7.8 Positive decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 1,993 deaths for January–June 2013[48]
Infant mortality by oblast Death/2012 Death/2011 Death/2010 Death/2009
 Donetsk Oblast 540 Negative increase 473 Positive decrease 497 Positive decrease 533 Steady
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 370 Negative increase 343 Positive decrease 347 Negative increase 329 Positive decrease
 Odesa Oblast 267 Positive decrease 268 Negative increase 263 Positive decrease 280 Positive decrease
Kyiv Kyiv City 262 Negative increase 255 Negative increase 233 Positive decrease 244 Positive decrease
 Lviv Oblast 233 Positive decrease 272 Negative increase 266 Negative increase 238 Positive decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast 203 Positive decrease 234 Positive decrease 243 Positive decrease 252 Positive decrease
 Zakarpattia Oblast 168 Positive decrease 195 Positive decrease 199 Positive decrease 238 Negative increase
 Vinnytsia Oblast 166 Positive decrease 186 Negative increase 148 Positive decrease 149 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast 165 Positive decrease 188 Positive decrease 199 Positive decrease 252 Positive decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast 154 Positive decrease 169 Positive decrease 182 Negative increase 174 Positive decrease
 Rivne Oblast 147 Positive decrease 156 Positive decrease 158 Positive decrease 164 Negative increase
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast 134 Negative increase 89 Positive decrease 109 Positive decrease 174 Negative increase
 Zhytomyr Oblast 124 Positive decrease 134 Positive decrease 135 Negative increase 127 Negative increase
 Cherkasy Oblast 122 Negative increase 101 Positive decrease 125 Positive decrease 132 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast 119 Positive decrease 143 Negative increase 140 Positive decrease 146 Negative increase
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 109 Positive decrease 145 Positive decrease 170 Negative increase 157 Positive decrease
 Volyn Oblast 106 Positive decrease 116 Positive decrease 123 Negative increase 118 Negative increase
 Kirovohrad Oblast 103 Positive decrease 139 Negative increase 112 Positive decrease 119 Positive decrease
 Kherson Oblast 100 Positive decrease 120 Negative increase 116 Positive decrease 136 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast 97 Steady 97 Positive decrease 104 Positive decrease 112 Negative increase
 Ternopil Oblast 97 Negative increase 96 Positive decrease 98 Negative increase 93 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast 94 Negative increase 80 Positive decrease 82 Positive decrease 103 Negative increase
 Chernivtsi Oblast 92 Positive decrease 96 Negative increase 90 Positive decrease 91 Positive decrease
 Poltava Oblast 85 Positive decrease 86 Positive decrease 87 Positive decrease 105 Positive decrease
 Sumy Oblast 76 Positive decrease 78 Positive decrease 97 Negative increase 91 Positive decrease
Infant mortality per 1,000 by Oblast Death/2012 Death/2011 Death/2010 Death/2009
 Donetsk Oblast 12.7 Negative increase 11.4 Positive decrease 12.0 Positive decrease 12.3 Negative increase
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 10.0 Negative increase 9.5 Positive decrease 9.7 Negative increase 8.8 Positive decrease
 Cherkasy Oblast 9.6 Negative increase 8.1 Positive decrease 10.0 Positive decrease 10.5 Positive decrease
 Kirovohrad Oblast 9.4 Positive decrease 13.2 Negative increase 10.6 Positive decrease 10.9 Positive decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast 9.2 Negative increase 7.9 Positive decrease 8.1 Positive decrease 9.9 Negative increase
 Vinnytsia Oblast 9.1 Positive decrease 10.4 Negative increase 8.4 Positive decrease 8.3 Positive decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast 9.0 Negative increase 6.2 Positive decrease 7.5 Positive decrease 11.8 Negative increase
 Zakarpattia Oblast 8.9 Positive decrease 10.6 Positive decrease 10.9 Positive decrease 13.1 Negative increase
 Odesa Oblast 8.8 Positive decrease 9.2 Steady 9.2 Positive decrease 9.7 Positive decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast 8.2 Positive decrease 9.3 Positive decrease 10.1 Negative increase 9.4 Positive decrease
 Rivne Oblast 8.1 Positive decrease 8.9 Positive decrease 9.2 Positive decrease 9.4 Negative increase
 Kherson Oblast 8.0 Positive decrease 9.9 Negative increase 9.4 Positive decrease 11.0 Positive decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast 8.0 Positive decrease 8.9 Positive decrease 9.1 Negative increase 8.5 Negative increase
 Chernivtsi Oblast 8.0 Positive decrease 8.5 Negative increase 8.2 Steady 8.2 Positive decrease
 Ternopil Oblast 8.0 Steady 8.0 Positive decrease 8.2 Negative increase 7.5 Positive decrease
 Lviv Oblast 7.8 Positive decrease 9.4 Negative increase 9.2 Positive decrease 8.0 Positive decrease
Kyiv Kyiv City 7.8 Positive decrease 8.0 Negative increase 7.3 Positive decrease 7.5 Positive decrease
 Luhansk Oblast 7.6 Positive decrease 8.8 Positive decrease 9.4 Positive decrease 11.6 Positive decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast 7.5 Positive decrease 8.9 Positive decrease 9.2 Positive decrease 9.3 Positive decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast 7.3 Positive decrease 7.5 Positive decrease 8.1 Positive decrease 8.5 Negative increase
 Volyn Oblast 7.0 Positive decrease 7.9 Positive decrease 8.2 Negative increase 7.7 Negative increase
 Sumy Oblast 6.9 Positive decrease 7.5 Positive decrease 9.3 Negative increase 8.5 Positive decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 6.4 Positive decrease 8.8 Negative increase 10.3 Negative increase 9.1 Positive decrease
 Poltava Oblast 5.8 Positive decrease 6.1 Steady 6.1 Positive decrease 7.1 Positive decrease
 Kyiv Oblast 5.7 Positive decrease 7.2 Negative increase 7.0 Positive decrease 7.1 Positive decrease

Total fertility rate by oblast

Fertility rate in Ukraine by oblast in 2011

None of the oblasts in 2013 recorded a higher fertility rate than 2.10 children per woman, though rural areas saw higher rates in the Rivne Oblast (2.50) and Volyn Oblast (2.20). While close-to-generational renewal rates were achieved in the Odesa (2.04), Zakarpattia (2.00), Mykolaiv (1.95), Chernivtsi (1.93) and Zhytomyr (1.91) oblasts, they were weaker in the Luhansk (1.41), Sumy (1.47) and Cherkasy (1.53) oblasts.

The highest urban fertility rates were recorded in the Zakarpattia Oblast (1.80), city of Sevastopol (1.57), Volyn Oblast (1.56), Kyiv Oblast (1.56) and Rivne Oblast (1.54). The lowest were in the Sumy (1.23), Kharkiv (1.26), Cherkasy (1.28), Chernihiv (1.28), Chernivtsi (1.28), Luhansk (1.28), Poltava (1.29), Donetsk (1.29) and Zaporizhzhia (1.32) oblasts.

Children born per woman by oblast Total fertility rate/2020 Total fertility rate/2012 Total fertility rate/2011 Total fertility rate/2010
 Rivne Oblast 1.54 Decrease 2.08 Increase 1.99 Increase 1.93 Increase
 Zakarpattia Oblast 1.60 Decrease 1.95 Increase 1.90 Increase 1.83 Steady
 Volyn Oblast 1.51 Decrease 1.92 Increase 1.81 Decrease 1.85 Decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast 1.20 Decrease 1.71 Increase 1.65 Increase 1.61 Increase
 Odesa Oblast 1.34 Decrease 1.71 Increase 1.62 Increase 1.58 Steady
 Kyiv Oblast 1.18 Decrease 1.67 Increase 1.58 Steady 1.58 Decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast 1.30 Decrease 1.64 Increase 1.58 Increase 1.53 Steady
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast 1.26 Decrease 1.62 Increase 1.56 Increase 1.55 Decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 1.27 Decrease 1.63 Increase 1.55 Decrease 1.58 Decrease
 Kherson Oblast 1.20 Decrease 1.61 Increase 1.51 Steady 1.51 Increase
 Kirovohrad Oblast 1.10 Decrease 1.61 Increase 1.51 Increase 1.50 Increase
 Lviv Oblast 1.24 Decrease 1.58 Increase 1.49 Decrease 1.50 Decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast 1.11 Decrease 1.57 Increase 1.47 Increase 1.44 Decrease
 Vinnytsia Oblast 1.20 Decrease 1.59 Increase 1.53 Increase 1.50 Decrease
 Ukraine 1.22 Decrease 1.53 Increase 1.46 Increase 1.45 Decrease
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 1.09 Decrease 1.52 Increase 1.44 Increase 1.43 Decrease
 Ternopil Oblast 1.13 Decrease 1.50 Increase 1.45 Decrease 1.46 Decrease
 Zaporizhzhia Oblast 1.03 Decrease 1.46 Increase 1.37 Increase 1.34 Decrease
 Poltava Oblast 1.04 Decrease 1.41 Increase 1.33 Decrease 1.34 Increase
 Cherkasy Oblast 1.01 Decrease 1.43 Increase 1.37 Increase 1.36 Increase
 Chernihiv Oblast 1.02 Decrease 1.40 Increase 1.36 Steady 1.36 Increase
Kyiv Kyiv City 1.44 Decrease 1.38 Increase 1.29 Decrease 1.30 Steady
 Donetsk Oblast 1.34 Increase 1.27 Increase 1.26 Decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast 0.98 Steady 1.32 Increase 1.25 Increase 1.24 Decrease
 Sumy Oblast 0.93 Decrease 1.36 Increase 1.25 Increase 1.23 Decrease
 Luhansk Oblast 1.33 Increase 1.27 Increase 1.23 Decrease

Other demographics statistics

Population pyramid of Ukraine in 1897
Population pyramid of Ukraine in 1926
Population pyramid of Ukraine in 2017
Population change, 1970–2010
Population change, 1970–1979
Population change, 1989–2001
Population change, 1989–2012
Population change of urban settlements, 1970–1989
Population change of urban settlements, 1989–2010

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019[49]

  • One birth every 1 minute
  • One death every 48 seconds
  • Net loss of one person every 2 minutes
  • One net migrant every 30 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated[30]

Age structure:
0-14 years: 15.95% (male 3,609,386/female 3,400,349)
15-24 years: 9.57% (male 2,156,338/female 2,047,821)
25-54 years: 44.03% (male 9,522,108/female 9,831,924)
55-64 years: 13.96% (male 2,638,173/female 3,499,718)
65 years and over: 16.49% (male 2,433,718/female 4,812,764) (2018 est.)
0-14 years: 15.76% (male 3,571,358/female 3,366,380)
15-24 years: 9.86% (male 2,226,142/female 2,114,853)
25-54 years: 44.29% (male 9,579,149/female 9,921,387)
55-64 years: 13.8% (male 2,605,849/female 3,469,246)
65 years and over: 16.3% (male 2,409,049/female 4,770,461) (2017 est.)
0–14 years: 15.1% = 6,449,171 (2015 official)
15–64 years: 69.3% = 29,634,710
65 years and over: 15.6% = 6,675,780
0–14 years: 14.8% = 6,989,802
15–64 years: 69.2% = 32,603,475
65 years and over: 16.0% = 7,507,185 (2005 official)
0–14 years: 21.6% = 11,101,469
15–64 years: 66.7% = 34,320,742
65 years and over: 11.7% = 6,022,934 (1989 official)
Median age
total: 40.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 47th
male: 37.7 years
female: 43.9 years (2018 est.)
total: 40.6 years
male: 37.4 years
female: 43.7 years (2017 est.)
total: 39.8 years
male: 39.7 years
female: 40.1 years (2014 official)
total: 39.7 years
male: 39.5 years
female: 40.1 years (2013 official)
total: 34.8 years
male: 31.9 years
female: 37.7 years (1989 official)
Birth rate
10.1 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 190th
10.3 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Death rate
14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 6th
14.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.55 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 190th
1.54 children born/woman (2017 est.)
Net migration rate
4.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
24.9 years (2014 est.)
Population growth rate
0.04% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 187th
-0.41% (2017 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 72.4 years. Country comparison to the world: 148th
male: 67.7 years
female: 77.4 years (2018 est.)
Ethnic groups

Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.)

Languages

Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.)
Note: in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language" – allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions – was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide language.

Religions

Orthodox (includes Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox (UAOC), Ukrainian Orthodox – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP), Ukrainian Orthodox – Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish
Note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority – up to two-thirds – identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the UOC-KP and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8–10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1–2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population (2013 est.).

Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 44.8 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 21.8 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 23 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 4.3 (2015 est.)
Note: data include Crimea
Urbanization
urban population: 69.4% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: -0.33% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 99.8%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.7% (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2014)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 23%. Country comparison to the world: 53rd
male: 24%
female: 21.5% (2016 est.)

Birth and death rates of regional capitals

Birth rate in

regional centers

Birth/2012 Birth/2011 Birth/2010 Birth/2009 Birth/2007 Birth/2005 Birth/2003
Simferopol 13.6 Increase 12.8 Increase 11.8 Steady 11.8 Increase 11.0 Increase 9.5 Increase 9.2 Increase
Lutsk 12.6 Increase 12.3 Decrease 12.6 Decrease 13.9 Increase 12.6 Increase 11.7 Increase 10.0 Increase
Rivne 12.6 Increase 12.0 Increase 11.8 Decrease 12.3 Increase 10.9 Increase 10.1 Decrease 9.4 Increase
Uzhhorod 12.1 Increase 11.9 Decrease 12.0 Decrease 12.4 Increase 12.8 Increase 12.6 Increase 10.8 Decrease
Kyiv 12.0 Increase 11.4 Decrease 11.5 Decrease 11.7 Increase 10.4 Increase 9.8 Increase 8.8 Increase
Khmelnytskyi 12.0 Increase 11.2 Decrease 11.8 Increase 11.5 Increase 10.4 Steady 10.2 Increase 9.2 Increase
Sevastopol 12.0 Increase 11.1 Increase 11.0 Decrease 11.2 Increase 10.5 Increase 9.6 Increase 8.7 Increase
Kherson 11.9 Increase 11.1 Increase 10.1 Increase 10.5 Increase 9.6 Steady 8.6 Decrease 8.5 Increase
Ternopil 11.8 Decrease 12.2 Increase 11.7 Decrease 12.3 Increase 11.9 Increase 11.6 Increase 10.4 Increase
Ivano-Frankivsk 11.6 Steady 11.6 Increase 10.1 Decrease 10.8 Decrease 11.3 Increase 10.7 Increase 9.3 Increase
Vinnytsia 11.5 Increase 11.2 Increase 10.9 Decrease 11.1 Increase 10.1 Increase 9.4 Increase 9.1 Increase
Kropyvnytskyi 11.5 Increase 11.1 Increase 10.5 Decrease 11.3 Decrease 10.5 Increase 8.9 Increase 8.4 Decrease
Zhytomyr 11.4 Decrease 11.5 Increase 10.8 Decrease 11.7 Increase 10.6 Increase 9.5 Increase 8.7 Increase
Sumy 11.3 Increase 10.3 Increase 10.0 Decrease 10.3 Decrease 9.6 Increase 8.2 Increase 7.8 Increase
Lviv 11.0 Increase 10.4 Increase 10.0 Decrease 10.5 Increase 9.7 Increase 9.3 Decrease 9.0 Increase
Ukraine Urban 10.9 Increase 10.5 Increase 10.4 Decrease 10.8 Steady 9.9 Increase 8.9 Steady 8.3 Increase
Dnipro 10.5 Increase 10.2 Increase 10.0 Decrease 10.5 Steady 9.4 Increase 8.5 Increase 7.9 Increase
Luhansk 10.5 Increase 9.8 Increase 8.8 Decrease 9.2 Decrease 8.2 Increase 7.4 Decrease 6.8 Increase
Chernivtsi 10.2 Decrease 10.3 Increase 10.1 Decrease 10.2 Decrease 9.2 Increase 9.6 Increase 8.3 Increase
Odesa 10.1 Increase 9.8 Increase 9.6 Decrease 9.9 Decrease 9.0 Increase 8.3 Increase 7.5 Decrease
Cherkasy 9.9 Increase 9.4 Steady 9.4 Steady 9.4 Decrease 8.7 Increase 7.8 Steady 7.4 Decrease
Poltava 9.9 Increase 9.1 Increase 8.8 Decrease 9.7 Decrease 8.4 Increase 7.8 Increase 7.3 Increase
Zaporizhzhia 9.5 Increase 9.2 Steady 9.2 Decrease 9.3 Decrease 8.9 Increase 8.2 Increase 7.5 Decrease
Mykolaiv 9.4 Increase 9.3 Increase 9.1 Decrease 9.4 Decrease 8.7 Increase 8.0 Decrease 7.9 Increase
Chernihiv 9.3 Increase 9.2 Increase 9.1 Decrease 9.6 Steady 8.4 Increase 8.0 Increase 7.6 Increase
Kharkiv 9.2 Increase 8.9 Increase 8.8 Decrease 9.2 Decrease 8.4 Increase 7.6 Increase 7.1 Increase
Donetsk 9.1 Increase 8.7 Increase 8.6 Decrease 9.0 Decrease 8.2 Increase 7.5 Increase 6.6 Increase
Death rate in

regional centers

Death/2012 Death/2011 Death/2010 Death/2009 Death/2007 Death/2005 Death/2003
Kherson 15.2 Positive decrease 15.6 Negative increase 14.0 Positive decrease 14.2 Positive decrease 14.9 Positive decrease 14.8 Positive decrease 14.5 Positive decrease
Luhansk 14.2 Positive decrease 14.3 Negative increase 13.6 Negative increase 13.4 Positive decrease 13.8 Positive decrease 14.2 Positive decrease 14.1 Negative increase
Simferopol 14.0 Positive decrease 14.8 Negative increase 13.6 Positive decrease 13.8 Positive decrease 15.3 Steady 15.3 Negative increase 15.2 Positive decrease
Sevastopol 13.7 Positive decrease 14.1 Positive decrease 14.7 Negative increase 14.5 Positive decrease 15.5 Negative increase 15.4 Negative increase 14.1 Negative increase
Kropyvnytskyi 13.7 Steady 13.7 Positive decrease 13.8 Positive decrease 14.0 Positive decrease 14.4 Negative increase 14.1 Steady 14.1 Negative increase
Dnipro 13.5 Positive decrease 13.7 Positive decrease 14.1 Negative increase 13.8 Positive decrease 15.1 Steady 15.1 Positive decrease 16.0 Positive decrease
Donetsk 13.4 Positive decrease 13.5 Positive decrease 14.0 Negative increase 13.9 Positive decrease 15.2 Positive decrease 15.4 Negative increase 14.7 Negative increase
Zaporizhzhia 13.2 Positive decrease 13.4 Positive decrease 14.2 Negative increase 13.8 Positive decrease 15.0 Negative increase 14.7 Negative increase 14.2 Positive decrease
Ukraine Urban 13.1 Steady 13.1 Positive decrease 13.7 Steady 13.7 Positive decrease 14.7 Negative increase 14.8 Negative increase 14.3 Negative increase
Mykolaiv 12.8 Steady 12.8 Positive decrease 13.8 Steady 13.8 Positive decrease 14.5 Steady 14.5 Positive decrease 14.9 Negative increase
Poltava 12.8 Negative increase 12.6 Positive decrease 13.2 Negative increase 13.0 Positive decrease 13.7 Negative increase 13.6 Steady 13.6 Negative increase
Sumy 12.1 Negative increase 11.9 Positive decrease 12.4 Positive decrease 12.6 Positive decrease 13.0 Positive decrease 13.1 Negative increase 11.9 Positive decrease
Kharkiv 12.0 Negative increase 11.8 Positive decrease 12.4 Negative increase 12.2 Positive decrease 13.1 Steady 13.1 Negative increase 13.0 Positive decrease
Odesa 11.9 Positive decrease 12.2 Positive decrease 13.0 Negative increase 12.5 Positive decrease 13.9 Negative increase 14.1 Positive decrease 14.0 Positive decrease
Cherkasy 11.2 Negative increase 10.7 Positive decrease 11.3 Negative increase 11.2 Positive decrease 11.7 Steady 11.7 Negative increase 11.0 Positive decrease
Chernihiv 11.4 Negative increase 11.1 Positive decrease 12.0 Negative increase 11.8 Positive decrease 12.5 Positive decrease 12.4 Negative increase 12.0 Positive decrease
Lviv 11.0 Negative increase 10.8 Negative increase 10.5 Positive decrease 10.8 Positive decrease 11.5 Negative increase 11.4 Positive decrease 11.5 Negative increase
Zhytomyr 10.7 Positive decrease 10.9 Positive decrease 11.2 Negative increase 11.1 Positive decrease 12.0 Positive decrease 12.2 Negative increase 11.4 Negative increase
Uzhhorod 10.3 Negative increase 10.2 Positive decrease 10.5 Positive decrease 11.3 Positive decrease 12.0 Positive decrease 12.4 Negative increase 10.3 Negative increase
Kyiv 9.8 Negative increase 9.6 Positive decrease 10.3 Negative increase 10.2 Positive decrease 11.4 Negative increase 11.2 Negative increase 10.7 Negative increase
Lutsk 9.6 Negative increase 9.4 Positive decrease 9.6 Negative increase 9.1 Positive decrease 10.4 Negative increase 10.2 Positive decrease 10.5 Negative increase
Chernivtsi 9.5 Negative increase 9.4 Positive decrease 9.9 Positive decrease 10.3 Positive decrease 11.0 Steady 11.0 Negative increase 10.8 Negative increase
Khmelnytskyi 9.4 Negative increase 8.8 Positive decrease 9.0 Positive decrease 9.5 Negative increase 9.8 Steady 9.8 Negative increase 9.2 Negative increase
Vinnytsia 9.1 Negative increase 9.0 Positive decrease 9.2 Steady 9.2 Positive decrease 10.2 Steady 10.2 Negative increase 10.0 Negative increase
Ivano-Frankivsk 9.1 Negative increase 8.7 Negative increase 8.2 Positive decrease 8.5 Positive decrease 9.1 Positive decrease 9.3 Steady 9.3 Negative increase
Ternopil 8.1 Negative increase 7.6 Positive decrease 8.1 Negative increase 7.7 Positive decrease 8.5 Steady 8.5 Negative increase 7.7 Positive decrease
Rivne 7.9 Negative increase 7.8 Positive decrease 8.7 Negative increase 8.6 Positive decrease 9.0 Negative increase 9.2 Negative increase 8.8 Positive decrease

Ethnic groups

See also: Minorities in Ukraine
National population structure of Ukraine in 2001
  Ukrainians
  Russians
  Others

In 2001, the ethnic composition of Ukraine was: Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Romanian 1.1% (including Moldovan 0.8%), Belarusian 0.6%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 1.0%, Pontic Greek 0.2% and other 1.6% (including Armenians, Germans, Romas, Georgians, Slovaks, Albanians, Crimean Karaites, as well as Muslim Bulgarians, otherwise known as Torbesh, and a microcosm of Swedes of Gammalsvenskby).[50] It is also estimated that there are about 49,817 ethnic Koreans (0.12%) in Ukraine that belong to the Koryo-saram group. Their number may be as high as 100,000 as many ethnic Koreans were assimilated into the majority population.[51][52] Rusyns are also not recognised by the Ukrainian government as a distinct ethnic group and are instead treated as a sub-group of Ukrainians.[53]

According to the 2021 law “On the Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine”, the Crimean Tatars, Crimean Karaites and Krymchaks are the indigenous peoples of Ukraine.[54]

Ethnic Ukrainians in Ukraine by raions (2001 census)
Largest ethnicity in Ukraine's cities and raions, according to 2001 census.

Before World War II

Population of the Ukrainian SSR according to ethnic group 1926–1939
Ethnic
group 		census 19261 census 19392
Number % Number %
Ukrainians 23,218,860 80.0 23,667,509 76.5
Russians 2,677,166 9.2 4,175,299 13.5
Jewish 1,574,428 5.4 1,532,776 5.0
Germans 393,924 1.4 392,458 1.3
Polish 476,435 1.6 357,710 1.2
Moldavians / Romanians 257,794 0.9 230,698 0.8
Belarusians 75,842 0.3 158,174 0.5
Pontic Greeks 104,666 0.4 107,047 0.4
Bulgarians 99,278 0.3 83,838 0.3
Tatars 22,281 0.1 55,456 0.2
Roma 13,578 0.0 10,443 0.0
Others 103,935 0.4 174,810 0.6
Total 29,018,187 30,946,218
1 Source:.[55]

After World War II

Population of Ukraine according to ethnic group 1959–2001
Ethnic
group 		census 19591 census 19702 census 19793 census 19894 census 20015
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Ukrainians 32,158,493 76.8 35,283,857 74.9 36,488,951 73.6 37,419,053 72.7 37,541,693 77.5
Russians 7,090,813 16.9 9,126,331 19.4 10,471,602 21.1 11,355,582 22.1 8,334,141 17.2
Romanians / Moldovans 391,753 1.1 378,043 1.1 415,371 1.1 459,350 1.2 409,608 1.1
Belarusians 290,890 0.7 385,847 0.8 406,098 0.8 440,045 0.9 275,763 0.6
Crimean Tatars 193 0.0 3,554 0.0 6,636 0.0 46,807 0.1 248,193 0.5
Bulgarians 219,419 0.5 234,390 0.5 238,217 0.5 233,800 0.5 204,574 0.4
Hungarians 149,229 0.4 157,731 0.3 164,373 0.3 163,111 0.3 156,566 0.3
Poles 363,297 0.9 295,107 0.6 258,309 0.5 219,179 0.4 144,130 0.3
Jewish 840,311 2.0 777,126 1.7 634,154 1.3 486,628 1.0 103,591 0.2
Armenians 28,024 0.1 33,439 0.1 38,646 0.1 54,200 0.1 99,894 0.2
Greeks 104,359 0.3 106,909 0.2 104,091 0.2 98,594 0.2 91,548 0.2
Tatars 61,334 0.2 72,658 0.2 83,906 0.2 86,875 0.2 73,304 0.2
Roma 22,515 0.1 30,091 0.1 34,411 0.1 47,917 0.1 47,587 0.1
Azerbaijanis 6,680 0.0 10,769 0.0 17,235 0.0 36,961 0.1 45,176 0.1
Georgians 11,574 0.0 14,650 0.0 16,301 0.0 23,540 0.1 34,199 0.1
Germans 23,243 0.1 29,871 0.1 34,139 0.1 37,849 0.1 33,302 0.1
Gagauz 23,530 0.1 26,464 0.1 29,398 0.1 31,967 0.1 31,923 0.1
Karaites 3,301 0.0 2,596 0.0 1,845 0.0 1,404 0.0 1,196 0.0
Others 129,338 0.3 157,084 0.3 165,650 0.3 209,172 0.4 363,821 1.1
Total 41,869,046 47,126,517 49,609,333 51,452,034 48,240,902
1 Source:.[56] 2 Source:.[57] 3 Source:.[58] 4 Source:.[59] 5 Source: [1].

Ethnic Groups in Ukraine, 2001[60]

  Ukrainian (77.8%)
  Russian (17.3%)
  Belarusian (0.6%)
  Moldovan (0.5%)
  Crimean Tatar (0.5%)
  Bulgarian (0.4%)
  Hungarian (0.3%)
  Romanian (0.3%)
  Polish (0.3%)
  Jewish (0.2%)
  Other (1.8%)

Languages

Main article: Languages of Ukraine

According to the 2001 census, the following languages are common in Ukraine: Ukrainian 67.5%, Russian 29.6%, Crimean Tatar, Urum (Turkic Greeks), Bulgarian, Moldovan/Romanian, Polish, Hungarian. The table below lists the total population of various ethnic groups in Ukraine and their primary language, according to the 2001 census.[50]

Primary language by ethnic group
Ethnic group Population Native Ukrainian Russian Other
Ukrainians 37,541,693 31,970,728 – 5,544,729 532
Russians 8,334,141 7,993,832 328,152 – 402
Moldovans 258,619 181,124 27,775 45,607 1242
Belarusians 275,763 54,573 48,202 172,251
Crimean Tatars 248,193 228,373 184 15,208 43
Bulgarians 204,574 131,237 10,277 62,067 9
Hungarians 156,566 149,431 5,367 1,513 14
Romanians 150,989 138,522 9,367 2,297 170
Polish 144,130 18,660 102,268 22,495 390
Hebrew 103,591 3,213 13,924 85,964 16
Armenians 99,894 50,363 5,798 43,105 11
Greeks 91,548 5,829 4,359 80,992 9
Tatars 73,304 25,770 3,310 43,060 6
Koreans 49,817 2,223 37,932 9,662 0
Roma 47,587 21,266 10,039 6,378 6
Azerbaijanis 45,176 23,958 3,224 16,968 36
Georgians 34,199 12,539 2,818 18,589 15
Germans 33,302 4,056 7,360 21,549 20
Gagauz 31,923 22,822 1,102 7,232 2
Uzbeks 12,353 3,604 1,818 5,996 0
Chuvash 10,593 2,268 564 7,636 1
Mordvinians 9,331 1,473 646 7,168 0
Turks 8,844 7,923 133 567 0
Lithuanians 7,207 1,932 1,029 4,182 4
Arabs 6,575 4,071 897 1,235 0
Slovaks 6,397 2,633 2,665 335 0
Czechs 5,917 1,190 2,503 2,144 2
Kazakhs 5,526 1,041 822 3,470 11
Latvians 5,079 957 872 3,188 1
Ossetians 4,834 1,150 401 3,110 4
Udmurts 4,712 729 380 3,515 0
Lezghinians 4,349 1,507 330 2,341 4
Tadjiks 4,255 1,521 488 1,983 0
Bashkirs 4,253 843 336 2,920 0
Mari people 4,130 1,059 264 2,758 7
Thai 3,850 3,641 29 164 0
Turkmens 3,709 719 1,079 1,392 0
Albanians 3,308 1,740 301 1,181 0
Assyrians 3,143 883 408 1,730 0
Chechens 2,877 1,581 212 977 0
Estonians 2,868 416 321 2,107 4
Chinese people 2,213 1,817 73 307 0
Kurds 2,088 1,173 236 396 0
Darghins 1,610 409 199 955 0
Komis 1,545 330 127 1,046 0
Karelians 1,522 96 145 1,244 1
Avars 1,496 582 121 761 0
Peoples of India and Pakistan 1,483 1,092 26 192 0
Abkhazians 1,458 317 268 797 0
Karaites 1,196 72 160 931 0
Komi-Permians 1,165 160 79 898 1
Kyrgyz people 1,128 208 221 617 19
Laks 1,019 199 271 514 13
Afghans 1,008 551 60 213 0
other 3,228 1,027 144 790 0
NA 188,639 0 1,108 1,844 1
Native languages according to 2001 census
Ukrainian Russian Romanian and Moldovan
Crimean Tatar Bulgarian Hungarian

Religion

Main article: Religion in Ukraine

A 2018 survey conducted by the Razumkov Centre found that 71.7% of the population declared themselves believers in any religion, while 4.7% declared themselves non-believers, and 3.0% declared themselves atheists.[61] Of the total Ukrainian population, 87.4% declared they were Christians, comprising 67.3% who declared themselves Eastern Orthodox, 10.2% Catholics (split into 9.4% Ukrainian Greek Catholics and 0.8% Latin Catholics), 7.7% "Christians", and 2.2% Protestants. Judaism comprises 0.4% of the population. In earlier surveys, between 1 and 2% of the population stated that it adhered to Islam.

According to data from 2018, among those Ukrainians declaring themselves Orthodox Christians, 28.7% said they were members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate (incorporated as of 5 January 2019 into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine), while 12.8% said they were members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscovian Patriarchate (an autonomous Eastern Orthodox church under the Russian Orthodox Church). A further 0.3% said they were members of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which, like the Kyivan Patriarchate, was incorporated in 2019 into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Among the remaining Orthodox Ukrainians, 23.4% declared themselves "simply Orthodox", without affiliation to any patriarchate, while a further 1.9% declared that they "did not know" which patriarchate or Orthodox church they belonged to.[61]

Regional differences

Regional differences in population change

Natural population growth rates by oblast, 2009

Between the Soviet census of 1989 and the Ukrainian census of 2001, Ukraine's population declined from 51,706,600 to 48,457,020,[62] a loss of 2,926,700 people, or 5.7% of the 1989 population. However, this trend was quite uneven and subject to regional variation. Two oblasts in western Ukraine, Rivne and Zakarpattia, saw slight population increases of 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. A third western Ukrainian oblast, Volyn, lost less than 0.1% of its population between 1989 and 2001.[62] Collectively, between 1989 and 2001, the seven westernmost Ukrainian oblasts lost 167,500 people, or 1.7% of their 1989 population. The total population of these oblasts in 2001 was 9,593,800.[62]

Between 1989 and 2001, the population of Kyiv City increased by 0.3%[62] due to positive net migration.[citation needed] Outside Kyiv, the central, southern and eastern oblasts experienced a severe population declines. Between 1989 and 2001, the Donetsk Oblast lost 491,300 people, or 9.2% of its 1989 population, while the neighbouring Luhansk Oblast lost 11% of its population.[62] Chernihiv Obast, in central Ukraine (northeast of Kyiv), lost 170,600 people, or 12% of its 1989 population, the highest percentage loss in of any Ukrainian oblast. In southern Ukraine, Odesa Oblast lost 173,600 people, or 6.6% of its 1989 population.

By 2001, Crimea's population declined by 29,900, representing only a 1.4% loss of its 1989 population.[62] This however was due to the influx of approximately 200,000 Crimean Tatars – equivalent to approximately 10% of Crimea's 1989 population – who arrived in Crimea after 1989 and whose population in that region increased by a factor of 6.4 (from 38,000 to 243,400 between 1989 and 2001).[63] Collectively, the net population loss in Ukraine outside the westernmost oblasts was 2,759,200, or 6.6% of the 1989 population. The total population of these regions in 2001 was 39,186,100.[62]

Overall in 1989–2001, the pattern of population change was one of slight growth in Kyiv, slight declines in western Ukraine, large declines in eastern, central and southern Ukraine, and a relatively small decline in Crimea due to a large influx of Crimean Tatars.

Natural population growth
All population, 2012 Urban population, 2009 Rural population, 2009

Regional differences in birth and fertility rates

Ukraine's total fertility rate is one of the lowest in Europe.[64][65] However, significant regional differences in birth rates may account for some of the demographic differences. In the third quarter of 2007, for instance, the highest birth rate among Ukrainian oblasts occurred in Volyn Oblast, with a birth rate of 13.4/1,000 people, compared to the Ukrainian countrywide average of 9.6/1,000 people.[66] Volyn's birthrate was higher than the average birth rate of any European country except Iceland and Albania.[67]

In 2007, for the first time since 1990, five Ukrainian oblasts (Zakarpattia, Rivne, Volyn, Lviv, and Kyiv oblasts) experienced more births than deaths.[68] This demonstrated a positive trend of increasing birthrates in the preceding years throughout Ukraine. The ratio of births to deaths in those oblasts in 2007 was 119%, 117%, 110%, 100.7%, and 108%, respectively.[68]

With the exception of the Kyiv Oblast, all of the oblasts with more births than deaths were in the less-industrially developed oblasts of western Ukraine. According to a spokesperson for Ukraine's Ministry of Justice, the overall ratio of births to deaths in Ukraine improved from 1 to 1.7 in 2004–2005 to 1 to 1.4 in 2008. However, the worst birth-to-death ratios in the country were in the eastern and central oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Cherkasy and Poltava. These areas saw 2.1 deaths for every birth.[69]

Notably, western Ukraine never experienced the Holodomor, as Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania ruled it at the time, helping to understand the more favorable demographic trends there, as the rural population was never devastated. Specifically, during the Holodomor, Poland ruled Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil, and Volyn oblasts, whereas Zakarpattia Oblast was under Czechoslovak rule, and Romania controlled Chernivtsi Oblast and the Budjak section of Odesa Oblast.

While abortion rates in the North, South, East and Center of Ukraine are relatively homogeneous, the Western region differs greatly. Overall, the abortion rate in western Ukraine is three times lower than in other regions. This is not due to increased use of modern contraceptive methods in the West, but to the fact that pregnant women in the Western regions are more likely to keep their babies.[70] Donetsk and Dniproptrovsk oblasts in eastern and central Ukraine have the country's highest abortion rate.[71]

Natural population growth
The birth rate in Ukraine, 2003. The birth rate in Ukraine, 2010. The death rate in Ukraine, 2010.

Regional differences in death rates and health

Death rate from suicides per 100.000 people

Death rates also vary widely by region; Eastern and southern Ukraine have the highest death rates in the country, and the life expectancy for children born in Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kherson, Kropyvnytskyi, Luhansk, Mikolaiv, and Odesa oblasts is 1.5 years lower than the national average.[72]

Ukraine had a suicide rate of 16.5 per 100,000 population in 2017, a significant decrease from the suicide rate of 29.6 per 100,000 in 1998. Suicides were more frequent in the central part of the country (the highest suicide rate was in Kirovohrad Oblast; in western Ukraine, the suicide rate was lower than the national average. Lviv Oblast had the lowest suicide rate (5.3).[73]

Southern and eastern Ukraine also suffered from the highest rates of HIV and AIDS, which impacts life expectancy. In late 2000, 60% of all AIDS cases in Ukraine were concentrated in the Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk, and Donetsk oblasts.[74] A major reason behind the higher rates was that the urbanized and industrialized oblasts in the East and South of Ukraine suffered most from the economic crisis in the 1990s, leading to the increased spread of unemployment, alcoholism, and drug abuse, setting the conditions for a wider spread of the epidemic.[75]

Regional differences in income

Average monthly salary by oblast in US dollars, 2019.

The western and central oblasts of Ukraine had lower GDP per capita than Kyiv and the industrialized eastern oblasts of Ukraine. In December 2019, the average monthly salary in Ukraine was 12,264 hryvnias (519 US dollars). Chernihiv Oblast (northern Ukraine) and Kirovohrad Oblast (central Ukraine) had the lowest monthly salary of 8,851 and 9,450 hryvnias, respectively. In contrast, the monthly wage in the city of Kyiv was 18,869 hryvnias per month, and in Kyiv Oblast, 13,259 per month.[76] In 2013, outside of the capital city of Kyiv, the wealthiest oblast was Donetsk with an annual income of 31,048 hryvnias. But as of 2017, it ranked second poorest after Luhansk Oblast, with annual incomes 25,278 hryvnias and 16,416 hryvnias, respectively.[77] Both are in eastern Ukraine and sustained direct losses as a consequence of military actions.

Ukraine recorded one of the sharpest declines in poverty of any transition economy in 2001–2016. The poverty rate, measured against an absolute poverty line (below $1.25 per day, based on World Bank numbers) fell from a high of 32 percent in 2001 to 8 percent in 2005. In terms of poverty rates, the central and northern oblasts have the country's highest poverty rates: 10.0%. The western and southern oblasts are 9.1% and 9%, respectively. Kyiv City had the lowest poverty rate: 1.4%.[78] The percent of the population living under $5.50 a day was 19% in 2005 and dropped to 4.0 percent in 2018.[79][80]

Urbanization
Urbanization rate, 2011 Population density, 2013 Median population of rural settlements, 2011

Migration

Migration growth rate per 1,000 people, 2012

Emigration

Ukraine is the major source of migrants for many EU member states. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Ukraine's sputtering economy and political instability contributed to rising emigration, especially to nearby Poland and Hungary, but also to other countries such as Italy, Portugal, Spain, Israel and Canada. Although estimates vary, approximately two to three million Ukrainian citizens were working abroad, in construction, service, housekeeping, and agriculture industries.

Between 1991 and 2004, the government counted 2,537,400 individuals who emigrated; 1,897,500 moved to other post-Soviet states, and 639,900 moved to other, mainly Western, states.[81]

By the early 2000s, Ukrainian embassies reported that 300,000 Ukrainian citizens were working in Poland, 200,000 in Italy, approximately 200,000 in the Czech Republic, 150,000 in Portugal, 100,000 in Spain, 35,000 in Turkey, 20,000 in the United States and smaller but significant numbers in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The largest number of Ukrainian workers abroad, about one million, were in Russia. Since 1992, 232,072 persons born in Ukraine have emigrated to the United States.

Yet absolute numbers are less relevant to the economic impact on host countries than the volume of immigration as a proportion of the native population. Italy had the highest rate of Ukrainian emigrants as a proportion of the native population, while the far more populous Russia had the largest absolute confirmed number of Ukrainian emigrants (excluding Poland, Portugal and the Czech Republic, for which there was conflicting data).

Immigration

Between 1991 and 2003, about 100,000 illegal immigrants were detained at the western borders of Ukraine.[82] As of 2005, about 5,000 illegal immigrants were being detained yearly, mostly from China, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.[82] At the time, about 3,000 officially registered refugees resided in Ukraine, of whom most were Afghans.[82]

Ukraine accepted some 62,000 refugees from Transnistria following its war in 1992.[82] That same decade, thousands more were also accepted from other post-Soviet conflict zones in Abkhazia, Chechnya and Tajikistan.[82]

Between the 1989 Soviet census and the 2001 census, an increased number of former CIS residents moved to Ukraine from war zones. The number of Armenians in Ukraine almost doubled to 99,900 people during this period, while the number of Georgians and Azerbaijanis also increased substantially.[82]

As of April 2020, 1.4 million Ukrainians were internally displaced due to the war in Donbas.[83]

See also

General:

Notes

  1. ^ Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year.

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