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David Graham Phillips
David Graham Phillips
	Phillips in 1908
Born	October 31, 1867; Madison, Indiana, U.S.
Died	January 24, 1911 (aged 43); New York City, U.S.
Cause of death	Murdered by shooting
Resting place	Kensico Cemetery
Education	DePauw University ; Princeton University
Occupation(s)	Novelist ; Journalist
Signature

David Graham Phillips (October 31, 1867 – January 24, 1911)^[1] was an American novelist and journalist of the muckraker tradition.

Early life

Phillips was born in Madison, Indiana. After graduating from high school, Phillips entered Asbury College (now DePauw University) and later received a degree from Princeton University in 1887.^[2]

Career

After completing his education, Phillips worked as a newspaper reporter in Cincinnati, Ohio, before moving on to New York City where he was employed as a reporter for The Sun from 1890 to 1893, then columnist and editor with the New York World until 1902. In his spare time, he wrote a novel, The Great God Success, that was published in 1901. The royalty income enabled him to work as a freelance journalist while continuing to write fiction. Writing articles for various prominent magazines, he began to develop a reputation as a competent investigative journalist. Phillips' novels often commented on social issues of the day and frequently chronicled events based on his real-life journalistic experiences. He was considered a progressive and for exposing corruption in the Senate he was labelled a muckraker.

Phillips wrote an article in Cosmopolitan in March 1906, called "The Treason of the Senate," exposing campaign contributors being rewarded by certain members of the U. S. Senate. The story launched a scathing attack on Rhode Island senator Nelson W. Aldrich, and brought Phillips a great deal of national exposure. This and other similar articles helped lead to the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, initiating popular instead of state-legislature election of U. S. senators.

David Graham Phillips is known for producing one of the most important investigations exposing details of the corruption by big businesses of the Senate, in particular, by the Standard Oil Company. He was among a few other writers during that time that helped prompt President Theodore Roosevelt to use the term “Muckrakers”.

The article inspired journalist Charles Edward Russell to insist to his boss William Randolph Hearst, who had just recently purchased the Cosmopolitan magazine, that he push his journalists to explore the Senate corruption as well. Philips was offered the position to explore more information about the corruption and bring it into the public’s eye. Philips’ brother Harrison and Gustavus Myers were hired as research assistants for Philips. Hearst commented to his readers about Philips starting a series that would reveal the Senate corruption so much, that most Senators would resign. This held true for some of the Senators, such as New York Senators Chauncey M. Depew and Thomas Collier Platt. Philips exposed Depew as receiving more than $50,000 from several companies. He also helped educate the public on how the senators were selected and that it was held in the hands of a few bosses in a tight circle, helping increase the corruption level. As a result of these articles, only four of the twenty-one senators that Philips wrote about were still in office. Philips also had some of the greatest success as a muckraker, because he helped change the U.S. Constitution, with the passage of the 17th Amendment, creating popular election for senators.

His talent for writing was not the only thing that helped him stand out in the newsroom. Philips was known to dress in a white suit with a large chrysanthemum in his lapel.^[3]

Death

Phillips' reputation cost him his life in January 1911, when he was shot outside the Princeton Club at Gramercy Park in New York City.^[4] The killer was a Harvard-educated musician named Fitzhugh Coyle Goldsborough, a violinist in the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra who came from a prominent Maryland family. Goldsborough believed that Phillips's novel The Fashionable Adventures of Joshua Craig had cast literary aspersions on his family.^[5] Admitted to Bellevue Hospital, Phillips died a day later.

Following Phillips's death, his sister Carolyn organized his final manuscript for posthumous publication as Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise. In 1931, that book would be made into an MGM motion picture of the same name and starring Greta Garbo and Clark Gable.

David Graham Phillips is interred in the Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York.

Novels

The Great God Success (1901)
A Woman Ventures (1902)
Her Serene Highness (1902)
Golden Fleece (1903)
The Master-Rogue (1903)
The Cost (1904)
The Social Secretary (1905)
The Mother-Light (written anonymously) (1905)
The Deluge (1905)
The Plum Tree (1905)
The Fortune Hunter (1906)
The Second Generation (1906). Reissued as Daily Mail sixpenny novel No. 161 in 1912, with illustrations by G. H. Evison.
Light-Fingered Gentry (1907)
Old Wives for New (1908)
The Fashionable Adventures of Joshua Craig (1909)
The Hungry Heart (1909)
The Husband's Story (1910)
White Magic (1910)
The Grain of Dust (1911)
The Conflict (1911)
George Helm (1912)
The Price She Paid (1912)
Degarmo's Wife (1913)
Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise (1917)

Drama

The Worth of a Woman (A Play in Four Acts) and A Point of Law [a one-act play] (1908)

Non-Fiction

The Reign of Gilt (1905)
The Treason of the Senate (1906)
"Restless Husbands" (essay), written in 1909, published by Cosmopolitan in August, 1911

Notes

^ Nicolas S. Witschi (2000). "Phillips, David Graham". American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1601287.
^ The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Vol. XIV. James T. White & Company. 1910. p. 47. Retrieved December 13, 2020 – via Google Books.
^ Fellow, Anthony R. "American Media History: Second Edition" Wadsworth. Boston, MA. 2005.
^ "Phillips Dies of His Wounds". The New York Times. January 25, 1911. p. 1. Retrieved December 13, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
^ H.L. Mencken, My Life as Author and Editor, p. 129.

References

F. T. Cooper, Some American Story-Tellers, (New York, 1911)
J. C. Underwood, Literature and Insurgency, (New York, 1914)
Ravitz, Abe C., David Graham Phillips, 1966, Twayne Publishers, New York.
Filler, Louis, Voice of the Democracy, A Critical Biography, 1978, The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park.