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Cydia
	Imago (above) and caterpillar (below) of the codling moth (C. pomonella)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Tortricidae
Subfamily:	Olethreutinae
Tribe:	Grapholitini
Genus:	Cydia; Hübner, 1825
Type species
	Phalaena (Tortrix) pomonella; Linnaeus, 1758
Diversity
	About 215 species (but see text)
Synonyms
	Numerous, see text

Cydia is a large genus of tortrix moths, belonging to the tribe Grapholitini of subfamily Olethreutinae. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's type genus Grapholita requires further study.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Moths in this genus are generally small and dull brown; their caterpillars are yellow or white and wormlike. Cydia includes many species of economic importance due to the damage their caterpillars inflict as pests of agricultural crops, especially fruit and nut trees. On the other hand, some Cydia species have been used for biological control of invasive weeds, and many of these small moths and their caterpillars are an important food source for other animals. A few species from the Hawaiian Islands are suspected to be extinct due to disappearance of their food plants.

Another well-known species is the jumping bean moth (C. saltitans), whose caterpillars live in Sebastiania seeds, turning them into the famous "Mexican jumping beans".

Species

Roughly 215 species are currently recognized in Cydia, though as noted above, the list is provisional:^[2]

Cydia acerivora (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
Cydia adenocarpi (Ragonot, 1875)
Cydia alabastrina Diakonoff, 1983
Cydia alazon (Diakonoff, 1976)
Cydia albimaculana (Fernald, 1879)
Cydia albipicta (Sauter, 1968)
Cydia alienana (Caradja, 1916)
Cydia americana (Walsingham, 1879)
Cydia amplana – rusty oak moth
Cydia amurensis (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
Cydia anaranjada – slash pine seedworm moth
Cydia aphrosema Diakonoff, 1987
Cydia aphrospila (Meyrick, 1921)
Cydia araucariae (Pastrana, 1951)
Cydia archaeochrysa Diakonoff, 1986
Cydia astragalana (Staudinger, 1871)
Cydia atlantica Chambon & Frérot, 1985
Cydia blackmoreana (Walsingham, 1903)
Cydia bracteatana (Fernald in Comstock, 1881)
Cydia brownorum Rose & Pooni, 2003
Cydia callizona (Meyrick, 1911)
Cydia canariensis (Kuznetzov, 1972)
Cydia candana (Forbes, 1923)
Cydia caradjana (Rebel, 1910)
Cydia caryana – hickory shuckworm moth
Cydia celiae (Clarke, 1976)
Cydia charops (Diakonoff, 1971)
Cydia chelias (Meyrick, 1907)
Cydia chlorostola (possibly extinct)
Cydia cognatana (Barrett, 1874)
Cydia colorana Kearfott, 1907
Cydia commensalana (Danilevsky, 1963)
Cydia confusana (McDunnough, 1935)
Cydia conicolana (Heylaerts, 1874)
Cydia coniferana (Saxesen in Ratzeburg, 1840)
Cydia conoterma (Meyrick, 1922)
Cydia conspicua (Walsingham, 1907)
Cydia cornucopiae (Tengstrom, 1869)
Cydia corollana (Hübner, [1823])
Cydia cosmophorana (Treitschke, 1835)
Cydia costastrigulana (McDunnough, 1935)
Cydia crassicornis (possibly extinct)
Cydia cryptomeriae (Issiki in Issiki & Mutuura, 1961)
Cydia cupressana Kearfott, 1907
Cydia curiosa Razowski, 2009
Cydia curitibana Schönherr, 1987
Cydia curvivalva Liu & Yan, 1998
Cydia cytisanthana Burmann & Pröse, 1988
Cydia dadionopa (Diakonoff, 1976)
Cydia daedalota (Meyrick, 1916)
Cydia dalbergiacola Liu, 1992
Cydia damascana (Razowski, 1966)
Cydia danilevskyi (Kuznetzov, 1973)
Cydia defensa (Meyrick, 1922)
Cydia derrai Pröse, 1988
Cydia deyana (Chrétien, 1915)
Cydia dissulta Diakonoff, 1983
Cydia dochmasima Diakonoff, 1987
Cydia doria (Clarke, 1976)
Cydia duplicana (Zetterstedt, 1839)
Cydia elpore (Diakonoff, 1976)
Cydia ergoda Razowski, 2013
Cydia ermolenkoi (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
Cydia erotella (Heinrich, 1923)
Cydia ethelinda (Meyrick, 1934)
Cydia eucyanea Walsingham, 1914
Cydia eudesma Walsingham, 1914
Cydia exquisitana (Rebel, 1889)
Cydia fabivora (Meyrick, 1928)
Cydia fagiglandana – beech moth
Cydia fahlbergiana (Thunberg, 1797)
Cydia falsifalcellum
Cydia farsica (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
Cydia fletcherana (Kearfott, 1907)
Cydia flexiloqua (Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia gallaesaliciana (Riley, 1881)
Cydia garacana (Kearfott, 1907)
Cydia gilviciliana (Staudinger, 1859)
Cydia glandicolana
Cydia grandicula (Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia grunertiana (Ratzeburg, 1868)
Cydia guttifera (Meyrick, 1913)
Cydia gypsograpta (possibly extinct)
Cydia honorana (Herrich-Schffer, 1851)
Cydia hygrotrema (Diakonoff, 1971)
Cydia ilipulana (Walsingham, 1903)
Cydia illustrana (Kuznetzov in Ler^{[verification needed]}, 1986)
Cydia illutana
Cydia indivisa
Cydia infausta (Walsingham, 1900)
Cydia inflata (Meyrick, 1916)
Cydia informosana (Walker, 1863)
Cydia ingens – longleaf pine seedworm moth
Cydia ingrata (Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia injectiva (Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia inopiosa (Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia inquinatana
Cydia interscindana (Möschler, 1866)
Cydia intexta (Kawabe, 1980)
Cydia japonensis Kawabe, 1980
Cydia johanssoni Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993
Cydia kamijoi (Oku, 1968)
Cydia kozlovi (Kuznetzov, 1962)
Cydia kurokoi – nut fruit tortrix
Cydia lacustrina (Miller, 1976)
Cydia lajonquierei (Capuse^{[verification needed]}, 1970)
Cydia largo Heppner, 1981
Cydia laricana (Busck, 1916)
Cydia laricicolana (Kuznetzov, 1960)
Cydia larimana (Walsingham, 1895)
Cydia latifemoris
Cydia latiferreana – filbertworm moth (sometimes separated in Melissopus)
Cydia latisigna Miller, 1986
Cydia lautiuscula (Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia leguminana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846)
Cydia leucobasis (Busck, 1916)
Cydia leucogrammana (Hofmann, 1898)
Cydia leucostoma – tea flush worm
Cydia maackiana (Danilevsky, 1963)
Cydia malesana (Meyrick, 1920)
Cydia marathonana Pröse & Sutter, 1973
Cydia maxima (Kuznetzov, 1973)
Cydia medicaginis – alfalfa moth
Cydia mediocris (Kuznetzov, 1972)
Cydia melanoptycha Diakonoff, 1983
Cydia membrosa (Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia menoides Walsingham, 1914
Cydia microgrammana (Guenée, 1845)
Cydia millenniana – larch gall moth
Cydia miscitata (Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia montana
Cydia montezuma Miller, 1986
Cydia monticola (Kuznetzov, 1962)
Cydia multilineana (Kearfott, 1907)
Cydia multistriana (Chrétien, 1915)
Cydia nebulocula (Diakonoff, 1976)
Cydia negatana (Rebel in Rebel & Rogenhofer, 1896)
Cydia neolopha (Meyrick, 1926)
Cydia nigra (Miller, 1966)
Cydia nigricana – pea moth
Cydia ninana Dyar, 1903
Cydia nomaea (Meyrick, 1917)
Cydia obliqua (may belong in C. plicatum)
Cydia obnisa (Heinrich, 1926)
Cydia obtecta (Meyrick, 1922)
Cydia obumbrana Kuznetzov, 1992
Cydia odontica Diakonoff, 1983
Cydia omana Razowski, 1995
Cydia oxytropidis (Martini, 1912)
Cydia pactolana – spruce bark tortrix
Cydia palmetum (Heinrich, 1928)
Cydia pamira (Obraztsov, 1943)
Cydia parapteryx
Cydia peiui (Stanoiu & Neme, 1974)
Cydia pentalychna (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1938)
Cydia perelegans (Kuznetzov, 1962)
Cydia perfricta (Meyrick, 1920)
Cydia periclydonia Diakonoff, 1983
Cydia perlaeta Walsingham, 1914
Cydia perrupta (Meyrick, 1922)
Cydia persica (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)
Cydia phalacris (Meyrick, 1912)
Cydia phyllisi Miller, 1986
Cydia piperana – ponderosa pine seedworm moth
Cydia plicatum (may include C. obliqua, C. storeella)
Cydia plumbiferana (Staudinger, 1871)
Cydia pomonella – codling moth
Cydia populana (Busck, 1916)
Cydia prismatica (Meyrick, 1911)
Cydia prosperana (Kearfott, 1907)
Cydia pseudomalesana Clarke, 1986
Cydia pseudotsugae (Evans, 1969)
Cydia pulchella Durrant in Walsingham, 1914
Cydia pycnochra (Meyrick, 1920)
Cydia pyraspis (Meyrick, 1928)
Cydia pyrivora – pear fruit moth, pear tortricid
Cydia rana (Forbes, 1924)
Cydia reflectrix (Meyrick, 1928)
Cydia rhodaspis (Meyrick, 1928)
Cydia rjabovi (Kuznetzov, 1962)
Cydia rufipennis
Cydia saltitans – jumping bean moth
Cydia sammuti Diakonoff, 1986
Cydia secretana (Kuznetzov, 1973)
Cydia seductana (Kuznetzov, 1962)
Cydia semicinctana (Kennel, 1901)
Cydia servillana (Duponchel in Godart, 1836)
Cydia siderocosma (Diakonoff, 1969)
Cydia signifer Walsingham, 1914
Cydia silvana (Kuznetzov, 1970)
Cydia splendana – chestnut tortrix, acorn moth
Cydia staphiditis (Meyrick, 1930)
Cydia stirpicola (Meyrick, 1926)
Cydia storeella (possibly extinct or belongs in C. plicatum)
Cydia striatana (Caradja, 1916)
Cydia strigulatana (Kennel, 1899)
Cydia strobilella – spruce seed moth
Cydia succedana
Cydia sumptuosana (Rebel in Rebel & Zerny, 1928)
Cydia tana (Kearfott, 1907)
Cydia taocosma (Meyrick, 1914)
Cydia tonosticha (Meyrick, 1922)
Cydia toreuta – eastern pine seedworm moth
Cydia torostoma (Clarke, 1972)
Cydia trasias (Meyrick, 1928)
Cydia trichota Diakonoff, 1988
Cydia trifascicolana Schönherr, 1987
Cydia trogodana Pröse, 1988
Cydia tropicana Kuznetzov, 1992
Cydia tunisiana Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993
Cydia turcianae Chambon in Chambon, Witzgall & Bengtsson, 1993
Cydia ulicetana
Cydia undosa (Diakonoff, 1957)
Cydia uranatma (Meyrick, 1936)
Cydia vallesiaca (Sauter, 1968)
Cydia walsinghamii
Cydia zebeana – larch bark moth

Former species

Cydia euryteles (Meyrick, 1936)

Synonyms

Obsolete scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of Cydia are:^[1]^[4]

Adenoneura Walsingham, 1907
Carpocampa Harris, 1841 (unjustified emendation)
Carpocapsa Treitschke, 1829
Cerata Stephens, 1852
Coccyx Treitschke, 1829
Collicularia Obraztsov, 1960
Crobilophora (lapsus)
Crobylophora Kennel, 1910 (non Meyrick, 1880: preoccupied)
Danilevskia Kuznetzov, 1970
Dicraniana Diakonoff, 1984
Erminea Kirby & Spence, 1826
Erminia (lapsus)
Hedulia Heinrich, 1926
Kenneliola Paclt, 1951
Lasperesia (lapsus)
Laspeyresia Hübner, 1825 (non R.L., 1817: preoccupied)
Lespeyresia (lapsus)
Melisopus (lapsus)
Melissopus Riley, 1882
Melliopus (lapsus)
Mellisopus (lapsus)
Mellissopus (lapsus)
Phanetoprepa Obraztsov, 1968
Pseudotomoides Obraztsov, 1959
Semasia Stephens, 1829
Strobila Sodoffsky, 1837 (non Sars, 1829: preoccupied)

In addition to the uncertain relationship of Cydia and Grapholita already mentioned above, the synonymy of the present genus has been subject to some confusion with its close relative Pammene: Eucelis, Trycheris and Orchemia are sometimes^[3] listed as junior synonyms of Cydia, but the type species of the former two is Tortrix mediana (a junior synonym of P. aurana), and that of the third is Orchemia gallicana (a junior synonym of P. gallicana).^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009a): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Genus Cydia account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.
^ ^a ^b Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009b): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Cydia species list. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.
^ ^a ^b Savela, Markku (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Cydia. Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.
^ ^a ^b Savela, Markku (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Grapholita. Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.
^ Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009c): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Genus Pammene account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Apr-19.