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K-12
	Curtiss K-12 at the National Air and Space Museum
Type	V12 piston engine
Manufacturer	Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company
First run	1916

The Curtiss K-12 was a milestone in the development of liquid-cooled aircraft engines and was regarded as one of the most advanced in the world for its time.

Design and development

Designed by Charles B. Kirkham and first tested in 1916, the K-12 featured a cast aluminum upper crankcase and integral cylinder blocks, four valves per cylinder, and "wet sleeve" construction for improved cooling. It relied upon high rpm and reduction gearing to develop the same power as larger engines. Although technologically advanced, many of the K-12's innovations challenged the state-of-the-art and created serious reliability problems. Most problems were centered on producing reliable reduction gears.

The K-12 design led to the development of the very successful Curtiss D-12 (1922) engine used in fighters and racing planes. By 1926 the D-12 design had evolved into the more powerful Curtiss V-1570 "Conqueror," noted for its use in military aircraft. That evolution was continued in the powerful liquid-cooled, V-12 aircraft engines of World War II that owed so much to design concepts pioneered in the K-12 engine of 1916.

Specifications (Curtiss K-12)

General characteristics

Type: 12-cylinder liquid-cooled V
Bore: 4.5 in (114.3 mm)
Stroke: 6.0 in (152.4 mm)
Displacement: 1,145.1 cu in (18.77 L)

Components

Cooling system: liquid

Performance

Power output: 375 hp at 2,250 RPM

References

Curtiss K-12 – National Museum of the United States Air Force
"The Curtiss Model K 12 Cylinder Airplane Engine". Aviation. Vol. V, no. 11. January 1, 1919. pp. 685–689.
Gunston, Bill (1986). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens. pp. 49–50.