Craniata (brachiopod)

This article is about a class of brachiopods. For a proposed clade of chordates, see Craniate.

Craniata
Temporal range: Middle Cambrian– Recent
Ordovician strophomenid brachiopod with encrusting craniid brachiopods (Philhedra, the round attached shells).
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Brachiopoda
Subphylum: Craniiformea
Popov, Basset, Holmer & Laurie, 1993
Class: Craniata
Williams, Carlson, Brunton, Holmer & Popov, 1996 (non Linnaeus 1758: preoccupied)
Orders
Synonyms[citation needed]

(Class) Craniforma

Craniata is a class of brachiopods originating in the Cambrian period and still extant today.[1] It is the only class within the subphylum Craniiformea, one of three major subphyla of brachiopods alongside linguliforms and rhynchonelliforms. Craniata is divided into three orders: the extinct Craniopsida and Trimerellida, and the living Craniida, which provides most information on their biology. Living members of the class have shells which are composed of calcite, though some extinct forms my have aragonite shells. The shells are inarticulate (lack a hinge with distinct tooth-and-socket connections) and are usually rounded in outline. There is no pedicle; the rear edge of the body cavity is a smooth and flat wall perforated by the anus.[2] This class of brachiopods has an unsupported lophophore with only a single row of tentacles. In the absence of a pedicle, the shell is usually attached directly to a hard substrate. Many craniiforms are encrusting animals which attach directly to the shell of another animal, usually another brachiopod. The plicae from the host brachiopod will then appear within the shell of the craniiform.[2]

Muscular diagram for Crania, showing column-like "occlusor" (adductor) muscles and narrower oblique muscles, along with other minor muscles.

Living craniiforms have a distinctive muscle system, which can be reconstructed from muscle scars in extinct forms as well. There are two pairs of column-like adductor muscles, which extend vertically and function to close the shell. There are also two pairs of oblique muscles, which lie at a shallow angle and help to slide and rotate the valves against each other. The internal oblique muscles are closely spaced, extending up and back from the middle of the ventral valve to the back of the dorsal valve. The lateral oblique muscles are widely spaced, extending forwards from the back of the ventral shell to the front of the soft body wall.[2]

Craniiforms share some similarities with both linguliforms and rhynchonelliforms, though they are distinct from either group. Like linguliforms, they have an anus, inarticulate shells, and a muscle system mainly based on adductor and oblique muscles. Like rhynchonelliforms, they have a calcareous shell and a modified lophophore.[2]

References

  1. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Craniiformea". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
  2. ^ a b c d Williams, Alwyn; Brunton, C.H.C.; Carlson, S.J.; et al. (1997–2007). Kaesler, Roger L.; Selden, Paul (eds.). Part H, Brachiopoda (Revised). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Boulder, Colorado; Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America; University of Kansas.


Stub icon

This brachiopod-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Hatoguan, Palipi, Samosir

HatoguanDesaGapura selamat datang di Desa HatoguanNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera UtaraKabupatenSamosirKecamatanPalipiKode pos22393Kode Kemendagri12.17.04.2006 Luas... km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km² Hatoguan adalah salah satu desa yang berada di Kecamatan Palipi, Kabupaten Samosir, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Gereja HKBP Hatoguan lbsKecamatan Palipi, Kabupaten Samosir, Sumatera UtaraDesa Gorat Pallombuan Hatoguan Huta Dame Huta Ginjang Palipi Pallombuan Pamuta...

 

 

Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Murung Raya

Peta Lokasi Kabupaten Murung Raya di Kalimantan Tengah Berikut adalah daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Murung Raya, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. Kabupaten Murung Raya terdiri dari 10 kecamatan, 9 kelurahan, dan 116 desa. Pada tahun 2017, jumlah penduduknya mencapai 105.454 jiwa dengan luas wilayah 23.700,00 km² dan sebaran penduduk 5 jiwa/km².[1][2] Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Murung Raya, adalah sebagai berikut: Kode Kemendagri Kecamatan...

 

 

Syahrizal Koto

Templat:Nama klan Minang Syahrizal KotoLahirSyahrizal Zain Koto6 September 1960 (umur 63)Pariaman, Sumatera BaratKebangsaanIndonesiaAlmamaterInstitut Seni Indonesia YogyakartaPekerjaanPematung Syahrizal Koto, yang bernama lengkap Syahrizal Zain Koto (lahir 6 September 1960)[1] adalah seorang seniman dan pematung Indonesia[2] yang merupakan alumnus dari Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta. Riwayat ringkas Pendidikan INS Kayutanam SSRI (sekarang SMSR) Padang Fakultas Seni Ru...

Accession (property law)

Legal term This article is about the legal principle in property law. For other uses, see Accession. Property law Part of the common law series Types Personal property Community property Real property Unowned property Acquisition Gift Adverse possession Deed Conquest Discovery Accession Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property Treasure trove Bailment License Alienation Estates in land Allodial title Fee simple Fee tail Life estate Defeasible estate Future interest remainder Concurrent estate Lea...

 

 

List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1823

Part of a series onBritish law Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom Year      1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 ...

 

 

العلاقات الدنماركية التشادية

العلاقات الدنماركية التشادية الدنمارك تشاد   الدنمارك   تشاد تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الدنماركية التشادية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين الدنمارك وتشاد.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة...

Complexe Chaussegros-de-Léry

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’architecture ou l’urbanisme et Montréal. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. L'édifice Chaussegros-de-Léry 1Le Complexe Chaussegros-de-Léry, ouvert en 1992, est un ensemble de 2 édifices appartenant à la ville de Montréal, via la Société d’habitation et de développement de Montréal (SHDM). Le premier est un édifice à bureau servant à l'adm...

 

 

Genetic engineering

Manipulation of an organism's genome For a non-technical introduction to the topic of genetics, see Introduction to genetics. For the song by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, see Genetic Engineering (song). For the Montreal hardcore band, see Genetic Control. Part of a series onGenetic engineering   Genetically modified organisms Bacteria Viruses Animals Mammals Fish Insects Plants Maize/corn Rice Soybean Potato History and regulation History Regulation Substantial equivalence Cartagen...

 

 

Sam Trickett

Samuel TrickettSam Trickett pada tahun 2014JulukanTrickyTempat tinggalEast RetfordLahir02 Juli 1986 (umur 37)World Series of PokerJumlah gelangTidak adaMeja terakhir6 kaliMendapat uang7 kaliPosisi ITM tertinggiMain Event finishTidak adaMeja terakhirkali.Mendapat uangkali.Meja terakhirkali.Mendapat uangkali.Informasi akurat per 2 Juli. Sam Trickett (lahir pada 2 Juli 1986 di East Retford, Nottinghamshire, Inggris) adalah seorang pemain poker profesional dari Inggris. Ia terkenal karena fi...

Stefano Visconti

Stefano Visconti (berlutut). Gambar yang diambil dari makamnya. Stefano Visconti (wafat 4 Juli 1327) merupakan anggota Istana Visconti yang memerintah Milan dari abad ke-14 s/d 15. Ia merupakan putra Matteo I Visconti. Pada tahun 1318 ia menikahi Valentina Doria, dengan siapa ia memiliki 3 orang anak: Matteo, Galeazzo dan Bernabò, yang memimpin bersama-sama di Milan setelah kematiannya.

 

 

Bouleuterion

Assembly building of Ancient Greece Bouleuterion of Priene A bouleuterion (Greek: βουλευτήριον, bouleutērion), also translated as council house, assembly house, and senate house, was a building in ancient Greece which housed the council of citizens (βουλή, boulē) of a democratic city state. These representatives assembled at the bouleuterion to confer and decide about public affairs. There are several extant bouleuteria around Greece and its former colonies. It should not b...

 

 

Roulettes

Royal Australian Air Force aerobatic display team For other uses, see Roulette (disambiguation). Royal Australian Air Force RoulettesRAAF Roulettes sealActive1970 – presentCountry AustraliaBranchRoyal Australian Air ForceTypeAerobatic display teamSizeSeven pilotsGarrison/HQRAAF Central Flying School (CFS)RAAF Base East Sale, VictoriaColorsRed and WhiteAircraft flownTrainer6 Pilatus PC-21 aircraftMilitary unit The Roulettes are the Royal Australian Air Force's formation aerobatic display tea...

Purbosari, Ngadirejo, Temanggung

PurbosariDesaKantor Desa PurbosariNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TengahKabupatenTemanggungKecamatanNgadirejoKode pos56255Kode Kemendagri33.23.09.2007 Luas-Jumlah penduduk2.527 (2003)Kepadatan- Untuk desa di Bengkulu, lihat Purbosari, Seluma Barat, Seluma. Purbosari adalah desa di kecamatan Ngadirejo, Kabupaten Temanggung, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Pada bulan Januari 2009, ditemukan struktur tatanan batu, yoni, dan beberapa arca di ladang ketela dan jagung yang berada di Purbosari. lbsKecamat...

 

 

Navy Cross

Questa voce sugli argomenti Stati Uniti d'America e marina è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1, 2. Navy CrossLa Navy Cross Dipartimento della Marina degli Stati UnitiTipoCroce al Valore Statusattivo IstituzioneWashington, 4 febbraio 1919 ModellistaJames Earle Fraser Onorificenze militari statunitensiMedaglia più altaMedal of Honor Medaglia equiparataDistinguished Service Cross (esercito)A...

 

 

Русская дореформенная орфография

Русская дореформенная орфография Государство  Российская империя Российская республика Создано на основе гражданский шрифт Следующее по порядку орфография русского языка до 1956 года Дата окончания 1918  Медиафайлы на Викискладе Ру́сская дорефо́рменная орфогра�...

2004 FH

2004 FHPenemuanDitemukan olehLINEARSitus penemuan704Tanggal penemuan2004/03/16Ciri-ciri orbitAphelion1.055Perihelion0.581Sumbu semimayor0.818Eksentrisitas0.289Anomali rata-rata238.0Inklinasi0.0Bujur node menaik292.6Argumen perihelion35.0Ciri-ciri fisikMagnitudo mutlak (H)25.7 2004 FH adalah sebuah asteroid. Asteroid ini merupakan bagian dari asteroid Aten, yang terletak dekat dengan bumi. Eksentrisitas orbit asteroid ini tercatat sebesar 0.289, sementara magnitudo mut...

 

 

Mission Indians

Indigenous peoples who were forcibly relocated to missions in Southern California Ruin of the Indian quarters, Mission San Luis Rey Part of a series on theSpanish missions in California Architecture of the California missions Mission Revival architecture California mission clash of cultures Mission Indians vte Mission Indians are the indigenous peoples of California who lived in Southern California and were forcibly relocated from their traditional dwellings, villages, and homelands to live a...

 

 

2010 Hawaii gubernatorial election

Election for the governorship of the U.S. state of Hawaii For related races, see 2010 United States gubernatorial elections. 2010 Hawaii gubernatorial election ← 2006 November 2, 2010 2014 →   Nominee Neil Abercrombie Duke Aiona Party Democratic Republican Running mate Brian Schatz Lynn Finnegan Popular vote 222,724 157,311 Percentage 57.8% 40.8% County resultsAbercrombie:      50–60%      60–70% Govern...

Marina Wheeler

British lawyer, writer and columnist (born 1964) Marina WheelerKCBornMarina Claire Wheeler (1964-08-18) 18 August 1964 (age 59)West Berlin (now Berlin, Germany)NationalityBritishEducation Bedales School European School, Brussels Alma mater Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge Université libre de Bruxelles OccupationsBarristerwritercolumnistKnown for Queen's Counsel (2016) Spouse of the prime minister of the United Kingdom (2019–2020) Author of The Lost Homestead: My Mother, Partit...

 

 

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres

Olympic athletics event Men's 800 metresat the Games of the XXXII OlympiadGold medalist Emmanuel Korir (shown at 2017 World Championships)VenueJapan National StadiumDates31 July 2021 (round 1)1 August 2021 (semifinals)4 August 2021(final)[1]Competitors47 from 29 nationsWinning time1:45.06Medalists Emmanuel Korir  Kenya Ferguson Rotich  Kenya Patryk Dobek  Poland← 20162024 → Official Video Highlights Athletics at the2020 Summer OlympicsQua...