Cox v. New Hampshire

Cox v. New Hampshire
Argued March 7, 1941
Decided March 31, 1941
Full case nameCox, et al. v. State of New Hampshire
Citations312 U.S. 569 (more)
61 S. Ct. 762; 85 L. Ed. 1049
Case history
PriorState v. Cox, 91 N.H. 137, 16 A.2d 508 (1940); probable jurisdiction noted, 61 S. Ct. 143 (1940).
Court membership
Chief Justice
Charles E. Hughes
Associate Justices
Harlan F. Stone · Owen Roberts
Hugo Black · Stanley F. Reed
Felix Frankfurter · William O. Douglas
Frank Murphy
Case opinion
MajorityHughes, joined by unanimous
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amend. I

Cox v. New Hampshire, 312 U.S. 569 (1941), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that, although the government cannot regulate the contents of speech, it can place reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions on speech for the public safety.[1] Here, the Court held that government may require organizers of any parade or procession on public streets to have a license and pay a fee.

Sixty-eight Jehovah's Witnesses had assembled at their church and divided into smaller groups that marched along sidewalks, displaying signs, and handing out leaflets advertising a meeting. During the march, groups of 15 to 20 people marched in single file down sidewalks in the district, interfering with hard foot travel.

In 1941, all 68 Jehovah's Witnesses were convicted in a New Hampshire municipal court for violating a state statute which prohibited parades and processions on public streets without a license. The defendants claimed that their First Amendment rights were violated including their rights to freedom of worship and freedom of assembly.

Decision of the Court

Does the New Hampshire state statute that prohibits unlicensed parades violate the First Amendment's guarantees of freedom of speech and assembly as applied to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment?

No. Chief Justice Charles E. Hughes delivered the opinion for the unanimous Court. The Court held that a municipality's ability to impose regulations that create order and safety for its populace does not infringe on the civil liberties of its people. Because the statute in question only grants a town selectman or licensing board the limited authority to ensure that a proposed parade will not interfere with the proper uses of streets, there is not opportunity for it to wield undue or arbitrary power that would infringe on constitutional rights. The Court also held that there was no evidence that the statute had been administered unfairly in this case.

Effects of the decision

Prior to the decision in Cox, the U.S. Supreme Court had struck down, under the First and Fourteenth Amendments, numerous ordinances imposing permit requirements on expressive activity in public places, such as streets and parks, because the ordinances gave government officials unlimited discretion whether to issue the permits. After Cox, local governments were allowed to regulate competing uses of public forums by using a permit scheme to impose reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions on those wishing to hold a march, parade, or rally.

The decision established the right of local governments to require a permit to conduct a parade or procession upon a public street. However, permit decisions had to be made according to uniform, nondiscriminatory standards based upon public convenience and safety to satisfy the Fourteenth Amendment. Because governments face greater costs in policing and overseeing parades, they are allowed to pass some expenses on to the groups conducting the events - and hence also have some regulatory power over the events.

Requiring licenses was thus found to be entirely consistent with also allowing time and place restrictions to prevent a public inconvenience. Validating permit requirements for parades meant that local governments received advance notice of parades allowing them the opportunity to plan policing activities to minimize disorder and inconvenience to passersby.

In addition, Cox allowed local governments to give a different degree of protection under the First and Fourteenth Amendments to those who communicated ideas by patrolling, marching, and picketing on streets and highways and those who communicated ideas by pure speech. Permit systems were deemed constitutionally valid so long as the discretion of the issuing official was limited to questions of times, places, and manners, and was not based on the content of the message. The reasonable time, place and manner restriction of Cox was subsequently applied to government attempts to regulate a wide range of religious, social, economic, and political activity.

See also

References

  1. ^ Cox v. New Hampshire, 312 U.S. 569 (1941).

Read other articles:

Distrik Raja FahdPermukimanDistrik Raja FahdLocation in the Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaKoordinat: 24°38′N 46°43′E / 24.633°N 46.717°E / 24.633; 46.717Koordinat: 24°38′N 46°43′E / 24.633°N 46.717°E / 24.633; 46.717Negara Arab SaudiPemerintahan • Gubernur Pangeran RiyadhFaisal bin Bandar Al Saud • Wali kotaIbraheem Mohammed Al-SultanKetinggian612 m (2,008 ft)Zona waktuUTC+3 (AST) • Mus...

 

This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) American privacy and security researcher, computer hacker, whistleblower and entrepreneur For the surname Kamkar, see Kamkar. Samy KamkarKamkar speaking at the Black Hat conference in 2010Born (1985-12-...

 

Species of bat Greater bamboo bat Conservation status Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Chiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Genus: Tylonycteris Species: T. robustula Binomial name Tylonycteris robustulaThomas, 1915 The greater bamboo bat (Tylonycteris robustula) is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Mala...

American playwright, novelist and screenwriter (1908–1968) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Harry Kurnitz – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Harry KurnitzBorn(1908-01-05)January 5, 1908New York City, United StatesDie...

 

Untuk Dewi Nike dalam mitologi Yunani, lihat Nike (mitologi). Nike, Inc.JenispublikIndustriPerlengkapan olahragaDidirikan1972[1]PendiriWilliam J. Bill BowermanPhilip H. KnightKantorpusatBeaverton, Oregon, Amerika SerikatTokohkunciPhilip H. Knight(ketua emeritus)Mark Parker(ketua eksekutif)John Donahoe(CEO & presiden)ProdukSepatu atletPakaianPerlengkapan olahragaAksesorisPendapatan AS$ 16,325 miliar (2007)Laba operasi AS$ 2,199 miliar (2007)Laba bersih AS$ 1,491 miliar (2007)Total ...

 

Sommaire : Haut – A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Cet article liste les termes utilisés en musique de jazz et les musiques voisines (blues, rock…) A AABA (forme) Article détaillé : Forme AABA. La forme AABA est une structure de morceau comportant 4 parties de 8 mesures généralement (cela peut être 4 ou 12 mesures selon le morceau ; le A et le B peuvent être plus ou moins longs). La 1re partie (A) est pratiquement identique à la 2e et à la 4...

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

Esta é uma lista não exaustiva de empresas privadas que contam com participação acionária de estatais da União. Essas empresas não são estatais, pois as empresas da União detém participação minoritária, ou seja, não detém o controle acionário. Não estão listadas as estatais, sejam federais, estaduais ou municipais, que esses grupos detenham ações. Via Banco do Brasil Empresas privadas nas quais o Banco do Brasil mantinha participação até dezembro de 2022:[1] Banco BV - ...

 

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言,清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日(哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統) 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

Harris Effendi Thahar BiografiKelahiran4 Januari 1950 (74 tahun)Tembilahan Data pribadiKelompok etnikOrang Minangkabau PendidikanUniversitas Negeri Padang Universitas Negeri Jakarta KegiatanPekerjaanpenulis Bekerja diUniversitas Negeri Padang KeluargaAnakIsa Gautama Prof. Dr. Harris Effendi Thahar, M.Pd. (lahir 4 Januari 1950) adalah seorang guru besar Universitas Negeri Padang, akademisi, dan sastrawan berkebangsaan Indonesia yang banyak menulis cerita pendek (cerpen) dan sajak. Namanya terc...

 

Portuguese footballer In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Gomes and the second or paternal family name is Simões. André Simões Simões with AEK Athens in 2017Personal informationFull name André Luís Gomes Simões[1]Date of birth (1989-12-16) 16 December 1989 (age 34)[1]Place of birth Matosinhos, Portugal[1]Height 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in)[1]Position(s) Defensive midfielderTeam informationCurrent team Leixões(on ...

 

2001 American League Division SeriesTeamsTeam (Wins) Manager SeasonSeattle Mariners (3) Lou Piniella 116–46, .716, GA: 14Cleveland Indians (2) Charlie Manuel 91–71, .562, GA: 6DatesOctober 9–15TelevisionFox (Games 1, 3, 5)Fox Family (Games 2, 4)TV announcersJosh Lewin, Rex HudlerRadioESPNTeamsTeam (Wins) Manager SeasonNew York Yankees (3) Joe Torre 95–65, .594, GA: 13+1⁄2Oakland Athletics (2) Art Howe 102–60, .630, GB: 14DatesOctober 10–15TelevisionFoxTV announcersJoe Buck,...

← липень → Пн Вт Ср Чт Пт Сб Нд 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31         2024 рік 14 липня — 195-й день року (196-й у високосні роки) в григоріанському календарі. До кінця року залишається 170 днів. Цей день в історії: 13 липня—14 липня—15 липня Зміст 1 Свята...

 

Australian politician (born 1929) For other people named Ian Sinclair, see Ian Sinclair (disambiguation). The Right HonourableIan SinclairACSinclair in 1970Speaker of the House of RepresentativesIn office4 March 1998 – 31 August 1998Preceded byBob HalversonSucceeded byNeil AndrewLeader of the National PartyIn office17 January 1984 – 9 May 1989DeputyRalph HuntBruce LloydPreceded byDoug AnthonySucceeded byCharles BluntDeputy Leader of the National PartyIn office2 February ...

 

مناطق يسود فيها المناخ المتوسطي   مناخ متوسطي حار (Csa)   مناخ متوسطي دافئ (Csb) المناخ المتوسطي أو مناخ الصيف الحار هو المناخ السائد في حوض البحر المتوسط. يتم تعريف المناخ المتوسطي بشتاء ممطر مع صيف دافئ إلى حار. رغم أن تسمية المناخ تأتي من البحر المتوسط، منطقة حيث هذا...

Place Mazelle Place Mazelle, côté Outre-Seille Situation Coordonnées 49° 06′ 50″ nord, 6° 11′ 02″ est Pays France Région Grand Est Ville Metz Quartier(s) Metz-Centre Morphologie Type Place modifier  La place Mazelle est une voie de la commune française de Metz en Moselle. Situation et accès Elle est située dans le quartier Outre-Seille, à la rencontre de la rue Haute-Seille, avenue Jean-XXIII, boulevard André-Maginot, rue Mazelle et rue V...

 

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Пелевин; Пелевин, Александр. Александр Пелевин Дата рождения 20 сентября 1988(1988-09-20) (35 лет) Место рождения Ленинград, РСФСР, СССР Гражданство Россия Род деятельности писатель научной фантастики, поэт, журналист...

 

1876 1881 Élections législatives de 1877 dans la Somme 8 sièges de députés à la Chambre des députés 14 et 28 octobre 1877 Type d’élection Élections législatives modifier - modifier le code - voir Wikidata  Les élections législatives françaises de 1877 se déroulent les 14 et 28 octobre 1877. Dans le département de la Somme, huit députés sont à élire dans le cadre de huit circonscriptions. Contexte Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplèt...

Diplomatic missions sent to the Chinese courtPossible routes of embassy vessels to the Tang dynasty The Japanese missions to Imperial China were diplomatic embassies which were intermittently sent to the Chinese imperial court. Any distinction amongst diplomatic envoys sent from the Japanese court or from any of the Japanese shogunates was lost or rendered moot when the ambassador was received in the Chinese capital. Extant records document missions to China between the years of 607 and 839 (...

 

جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولالحقوق النسوية المرأة والأنثويةامرأة . أنوثة التاريخالاجتماعي: تاريخ المرأة . تاريخ نسوي . تاريخ الحركة النسوية . الجدول الزمني لحقوق المرأة حق الاقتراع: تصويت النساء . الجدول الزمني . نيوزيلندا . المملكة المتحدة . الولايات المتحدة موجات: الأولى . الثان...