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Chloroflexales
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Chloroflexota
Class:	Chloroflexia
Order:	Chloroflexales; Gupta et al. 2013
Families
	Chloroflexineae Chloroflexaceae; Oscillochloridaceae; ; Roseiflexineae Roseiflexaceae; ;

Chloroflexales is an order of bacteria in the class Chloroflexia.^[1] The clade is also known as filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (FAP),^[2] as the order contains phototrophs that do not produce oxygen. These bacteria are facultative aerobic.^[3] They generally use chemotrophy when oxygen is present and switch to light-derived energy when otherwise. Most species are heterotrophs, but a few are capable of photoautotrophy.^[2]

The order can be divided into two suborders. Chloroflexineae ("Green FAP", "green non-sulfur bacteria") is the better-known one. This suborder uses chlorosomes, a specialized antenna complex, to pass light energy to the reaction center. Roseiflexineae ("Red FAP") on the other hand has no such ability. The named colors are not absolute, as growth conditions such as oxygen concentration will make a green FAP appear green, brown, or reddish-orange by inducing changes in pigment composition.^[2]

Classification

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[4] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[5]

Phylogeny

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024^[6]^[7]^[8]

120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220^[9]^[10]^[11]

Kallotenuales

Kallotenuaceae	Kallotenue

Herpetosiphonales

Herpetosiphonaceae	Herpetosiphon

Chloroflexales

Roseiflexaceae

Roseiflexus

Chloroflexaceae

Heliothrix

	Oscillochloris

	Chloroflexus

Chloroflexales

Kallotenuaceae	Kallotenue

Herpetosiphonaceae	Herpetosiphon

Roseiflexaceae

Roseiflexus

	"Ca. Ribeiella"

	"Kouleothrix"

Chloroflexaceae

Chloroflexus

Oscillochloris

	"Ca. Chloroploca"

	"Ca. Viridilinea"

Taxonomy

Suborder Roseiflexineae Gupta et al. 2013
- Family Roseiflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013 ["Kouleotrichaceae" Mehrshad et al. 2018]
  - Genus ?Heliothrix Pierson et al. 1986
  - Genus "Kouleothrix" Kohno et al. 2002
  - Genus "Candidatus Ribeiella" Petriglieri et al. 2023
  - Genus Roseiflexus Hanada et al. 2002
Suborder Chloroflexineae Gupta et al. 2013
- Family Chloroflexaceae Gupta et al. 2013
  - Genus ?"Candidatus Chloranaerofilum" Thiel et al. 2016
  - Genus Chloroflexus Pierson & Castenholz 1974 ["Chlorocrinis" Ward et al. 1998]
- Family Oscillochloridaceae Gupta et al. 2013
  - Genus ?Chloronema ♪ Dubinina & Gorlenko 1975
  - Genus "Candidatus Chloroploca" Gorlenko et al. 2014
  - Genus Oscillochloris Gorlenko & Pivovarova 1989
  - Genus "Candidatus Viridilinea" Grouzdev et al. 2018

References

^ Garrity, George M. (2001). Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. pp. 427–446. ISBN 978-0-387-21609-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c Thweatt, Jennifer L.; Canniffe, Daniel P.; Bryant, Donald A. (2019). "Biosynthesis of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls in green bacteria". Advances in Botanical Research. 90: 35–89. doi:10.1016/bs.abr.2019.03.002.
^ Gupta RS, Chander P, George S (2013). "Phylogenetic framework and molecular signatures for the class Chloroflexia and its different clades; proposal for division of the class Chloroflexia class. nov. [corrected] into the suborder Chloroflexineae subord. nov., consisting of the emended family Oscillochloridaceae and the family Chloroflexaceae fam. nov., and the suborder Roseiflexineae subord. nov., containing the family Roseiflexaceae fam. nov". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103 (1): 99–119. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9790-3. PMID 22903492.
^ J.P. Euzéby. "Chloroflexales". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-07-20.
^ Sayers; et al. "Chloroflexales". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
^ "The LTP". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
^ "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2024.
^ "GTDB release 09-RS220". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ "bac120_r220.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.