This article is about the parkway in California. For the park in Washington, D.C., see National Mall. For the shopping malls in Olympia, Washington, and Jefferson City, Missouri, respectively, see Capital Mall and Capital Mall (Missouri).
Some of Sacramento's major businesses and law firms are located on the Capitol Mall. Due to Sacramento's street grid system downtown, which predates the construction of the Capitol, Capitol Mall was once known as M Street. It was renamed Capitol Avenue by Governor C. C. Young in 1928.
The Capitol Mall was previously part of State Route 275, but was relinquished to the city in January 2006.[1]
History
Looking NW at 10th and L streets from the Capitol, c.1900Looking west down M Street towards the old bridge, 1911
Following California's cession by Mexico and entry into the union as a state in 1850, San Jose, Vallejo, and Benicia each briefly served as the state Capitol until the legislature decided Sacramento best suited their needs for the state in 1854. Their initial allocation for the construction of the dedicated Capitol building in 1860 only provided for a 4 block parcel of land bordered by L, N, 10th, and 12th streets.[2]
Previously just another minor lettered street, M Street suddenly became a focal point for visitors to the Capitol as they arrived at the Central Pacific Railroad station or the docks via riverboat in Old Sacramento. The advent of the automobile and the new Legislative Route 6 leading to the Capitol further emphasized how the appearance of the Capitol from the riverfront reflected California's fortunes, as urban planning advocate Charles Mulford Robinson petitioned the city and the state to emulate Pierre L’Enfant's ideals for the National Mall in Washington, D.C. in 1907.[3][4]
Although the city acquired the two additional blocks west of the Capitol for the construction of State Office Building No. 1 and the Library and Courts Building in 1913, the area between 9th street and the river continued to be developed with residential, commercial, and community properties, including Sacramento's historic Japantown, which spanned M street at 4th street from K to P streets, clogging the view of the Capitol such that the noted city planner Werner Hegemann wrote, "that even walking on the sidewalks of “M” street the Capitol Building cannot be seen," and that clearing such, "is of the greatest importance for the future of Sacramento."[3][5][6]
Corner of Fourth and Capitol, 1942
Governor C. C. Young renewed efforts for the widening of M Street into a grand mall to create “the Pennsylvania Avenue of California” in 1929. He also advocated for renaming M Street as Capitol Avenue, and building a new, larger bridge to replace the old M Street railroad bridge over the river with a combination rail and automobile bridge that would become the Sacramento's iconic Tower Bridge, forming a grand western gateway to the mall.[3]
Mall proposals were placed on the backburner during the wars, and despite the fact much of Sacramento's Japantown was decimated by the evacuation and incarceration of Japanese Americans during the war, California's population doubled due to its strong wartime defense industry production, many who moved into the vacated Japanese areas, especially those who were prohibited from finding housing elsewhere else due to racial housing covenants, often far exceeding the capacity for those properties as affluent residents moved out to the growing suburburan migration of the 1950s.[5][6]
That migration and federal investment in urban renewal during the post war era jumpstarted the city's attention towards finally creating the Mall, if only to give government the excuse to seize the overcrowed ethnic ghettos through eminent domain, such as what was then called Sacramento's "West End" filled with minorities with no place else to go.[7]
Sacramento's city council approved a plan to acquire land and create a Civic Improvement District around the Capitol all the way down to the river in 1947, recommending a 40 foot building setback from Capitol Avenue. The Sacramento Redevelopment Agency (SRA) was created in 1950 to deal with the challenge of enforcing the State's wishes, acquiring approximately 15 square blocks for the Capitol Mall Project, and publicly demolishing an 1870's private home acquired through eminent domain by the agency in a special ceremony in what was publicized as a “slum clearance project,” and opening those parcels up to private investment compatible with the State's mall concept.[5][8]
By 1961, the initial plan to create a 52 foot grassy median separating 2 wide streets with an 8 footwide landscape setback planted with Linden trees for a total of 180 feet between the buildings north and south of the Mall was underway. J. W. Wilson from the State Division of Highways was assigned as the design engineer for the project with Donald Van Riper as the landscape architect. Unfortunately, an earlier plan to include a round-about encircling a monument or obelisk on the western end of The Mall was abandoned due to the unanticipated construction of Interstate 5 to run along the river through the city, and deliberately built below grade so not to interrupt the clear line of sight between the Capitol and the Tower Bridge. Both the mall and the interstate would be completed by 1965 and aesthetically remains today much as it did then.[3][4]
Capitol Mall Boulevard landmarks
Eastward view of the Capitol Mall, towards the Capitol
Landmarks on the Capitol Mall, from the west (Tower Bridge and Sacramento River) to the east (California State Capitol), include:
Located at 1 Capitol Mall, Drexel University Sacramento is the California campus of renowned Drexel University, based in Philadelphia. It is located near the iconic Tower Bridge, between the Sacramento River and the Mall's crossing over Interstate 5.
100 Capitol Mall
Located at 100 Capitol Mall near the Tower Bridge, the 242 room 'Embassy Suites Sacramento - Riverfront Promenade' is a hotel popular with tourists, due to its proximity to Old Town in the Old Sacramento State Historic Park and the Riverfront Promenade park along the Sacramento River.[9]
300 Capitol Mall
300 Capitol Mall office tower.
Located at the gateway to downtown, the busy intersection of 3rd Street and Capitol Mall, 300 Capitol Mall stands 18 stories high with 383,238 square feet of rentable area. The tower was designed by Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall (DMJM) and completed in 1984.
301 Capitol Mall is the site of the former home of the Sacramento Union newspaper. Construction began here in 2006 for The Towers on Capitol Mall I & II, two planned 53-story and massive 615 feet (187 m) mixed-use towers. The project had been on hold since January 2007 due to liens being filed against developer.
Located at 400 Capitol Mall, the 'Wells Fargo Center' is currently the tallest building in Sacramento. It is 429 feet (131 m) high, and has 33 stories, with 29 above the ground floor lobby and 3 below. The skyscraper won the BOMA Building of the Year award in 1994. A museum is located in the lobby, dedicated to the history of Wells Fargo Bank in the Sacramento area. Located within the Wells Fargo Center: Il Fornaio, a popular restaurant; and Price Waterhouse Coopers, a major tenant.
500 Capitol Mall, also known as the 'BMO Tower' (formerly the 'Bank of the West Tower'), is a 25-story 433,508-square-foot (40,274.2 m2) high-rise on Capitol Mall in downtown Sacramento with a 10-level, 800 stall parking garage. The building consists of a 5-story atrium/lobby, ground floor retail, office space, and a 2-level penthouse restaurant or meeting facility. The structure has a steel frame and features a granite curtain wall with stone-on-precast and stone-on-truss panels on the exterior. The building, opened for business and welcomed its first tenant on May 26, 2009.[10][11]
There are also bus stops located on the Capitol Mall operated by RT, with service between 5:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. daily. The bus fleet is powered by compressed natural gas.
Major intersections
Eastbound along the verdant Capitol Mall.Looking west along the Mall towards the Tower BridgeRoundabout at the eastern terminus of the Mall
^Sacramento Bee: Face-lift on Capitol Mall menu, February 5, 2006, p. B1: "City leaders have said something should be done to spruce up the concourse. But until January, the state Department of Transportation controlled it as a state highway. Control now has passed to the city, and city staff members say Sacramento should do something to make the mall more inviting for pedestrians and visitors."
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