Canvas (GUI)

In computer science and visualization, a canvas is a container that holds various drawing elements (lines, shapes, text, frames containing others elements, etc.). It takes its name from the canvas used in visual arts. It is sometimes called a scene graph because it arranges the logical representation of a user interface or graphical scene. Some implementations also define the spatial representation and allow the user to interact with the elements via a graphical user interface.^[1]

Library support

Various free and open-source canvas or scene-graph libraries allow developers to construct a user interface and/or user-interface elements for their computer programs.

Examples of free and open-source scene-graph canvas options include:

in C, Evas (in EFL) from the Enlightenment project
in C, Clutter, associated with the GNOME project
in C, GTK Scene Graph Kit (GSK)
in C++ or optionally in Qt's own markup language QML: Qt Quick, provides a scenegraph Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine associated with the Qt project
in C++, OpenSceneGraph, a 3D graphics API using OpenGL
in C++, the OGRE engine, based on a scene graph, supports multiple scene managers
in C++, OpenSG, a scene-graph system for real-time graphics, with clustering support and multi-thread safety
in C++, the FlightGear Flight Simulator uses a custom Canvas system (LGPL'ed via SimGear^[2]) that is hardware-accelerated using OpenSceneGraph/OpenGL, OpenVG/ShivaVG:^[3] The FlightGear Canvas system
in Java, the Java FX scene graph with 2D and 3D functionality
in Tcl and other languages such as Perl, Python (Tkinter^[4]), and Ruby, the Tk toolkit provides a canvas widget for 2D graphics^[5]^[6]
in Tcl^[7] and other languages such as Perl^[8] and Python,^[9] TkZinc Archived 2017-12-07 at the Wayback Machine is an extended replacement for the Tk canvas, which adds support for hierarchical grouping, clipping, affine transformations, anti-aliasing, and specific items for air traffic control.

Some canvas modules within various libraries do not provide the power of a full scene-graph - they operate at a lower level which requires programmers to provide code such as mapping mouse-clicks to objects in the canvas. Examples of libraries which include such a canvas module include:

in C++, KDE Plasma Workspaces Corona canvas
the Canvas element in HTML5
for Java, the AWT library Canvas
for Java, the Java FX library Canvas^{[permanent dead link‍]}
for Java, the Swing library Canvas
for Java, the SWT library Canvas, associated with Eclipse
for Java-like JavaScript, the GWT library Canvas
in C++, the papyrus Canvas library which renders using the Cairo (graphics) library
in C, crcanvas, a GTK canvas widget which renders using the Cairo (graphics) library
in C, GooCanvas, a GTK canvas widget which renders using the Cairo (graphics) library

Proprietary canvas libraries include, for example:

the Microsoft Windows Win32 Canvas

References

^ "tk-zinc-3.303 - TkZinc is another Canvas which proposes many new functions, some based on openGL - metacpan.org". metacpan.org.
^ "Gitorious.org Git - fg:simgear.git/Summary". Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
^ "Canvas Development - FlightGear wiki". wiki.flightgear.org.
^ "GUI Programming with Python: Canvas Widget". python-course.eu.
^ "TkDocs - Tk Tutorial - Canvas". tkdocs.com.
^ "canvas manual page - Tk Built-In Commands". tcl.tk.
^ "zinc". wiki.tcl-lang.org.
^ "tk-zinc-3.303 - TkZinc is another Canvas which proposes many new functions, some based on openGL - metacpan.org". metacpan.org.
^ "TkZinc - Python Wiki". wiki.python.org.

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