PROFILPELAJAR.COM

CADUCEUS was a medical expert system, an early type of recommender system - by Harry Pople of the University of Pittsburgh. Finished in the mid-1980s, it was built on the INTERNIST-1 algorithm (1972-1973).^[1] In its time, CADUCEUS was described as the "most knowledge-intensive expert system in existence".^[2] CADUCEUS eventually could diagnose up to 1000 different diseases.

The knowledge base was built on Pople's years of interviews with Dr. Jack Meyers, one of the top internal medicine diagnosticians and a professor at the University of Pittsburgh.^[3] Their motivation was to improve on MYCIN, a recommender which focused on blood-borne infectious bacteria and instead embrace all internal medicine.^[3]

While CADUCEUS worked using an inference engine similar to MYCIN's, it made a number of changes. As there can be a number of simultaneous diseases, and data is generally flawed and scarce it incorporated abductive reasoning to deal with the additional complexity of internal disease. A disease can manifest a set of signs and symptoms, and a manifestation can, in turn, evoke a disease. Relationships between symptoms and diagnosis were ranked from 0 to 5. 5 indicated that the symptom is always associated with the disease, while 0 indicated that the association was ambiguous. An initial list of symptoms entered by the practitioner would be evaluated by the program to suggest possible diseases related to these combinations.^[3] These predictions were improved from INTERNIST-I by the use of constrictor relationships.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Wolfram, D. A. (1 April 1995). "An appraisal of INTERNIST-I". Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. 7 (2): 93–116. doi:10.1016/0933-3657(94)00028-Q.
^ The Fifth Generation. Edward A. Feigenbaum and Pamela McCorduck. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Ma 01867, 275 Pp. Feb 1, 1984
^ ^a ^b ^c Batson, Eric (February 1984). "Computer as consultant: Application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis". Postgraduate Medicine. 75 (2): 211–214. doi:10.1080/00325481.1984.11697944.

Banks, G (1986). "Artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis: the INTERNIST/CADUCEUS approach". Critical Reviews in Medical Informatics. 1 (1): 23–54. PMID 3331578.
Wolfram, D. A. (1995). "An appraisal of INTERNIST-I". Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. 7 (2): 93–116. doi:10.1016/0933-3657(94)00028-Q. PMID 7647840.
First, MB; Soffer, LJ; Miller, RA (1985). "QUICK (QUick Index to Caduceus Knowledge): using the INTERNIST-1/CADUCEUS knowledge base as an electronic textbook of medicine". Computers and Biomedical Research. 18 (2): 137–65. doi:10.1016/0010-4809(85)90041-2. PMID 3886276.
"Expert systems: perils and promise", D. G. Bobrow, S. Mittal, M. J. Stefik. Communications of the ACM, pp 880 - 894, issue 9, volume 29, (September 1986)
The AI Business: The commercial uses of artificial intelligence, ed. Patrick Winston and Karen A. Prendergast. 1984. ISBN 0-262-23117-4
Pople, H. E., Jr. "Heuristic Methods for Imposing Structure on Ill-Structured Problems: The Structuring of Medical Diagnostics." Chapter 5 in Szolovits, P. (Ed.) Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. 1982.