Bro-country

Bro-country
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsEarly 2010s, Southern United States
Typical instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitar
  • drums
  • drum machines
  • bass guitar
  • keyboard
  • electric guitar
  • banjo
Other topics

Bro-country is a form of country pop[1] originating in the 2010s, and is influenced by 21st-century hip hop, hard rock, and electronica.[2] Bro-country songs are often musically upbeat with lyrics about attractive young women, the consumption of alcohol, partying, blue jeans, boots, and pickup trucks.[3][4]

The first use of the term was by Jody Rosen of New York magazine in an article published on August 11, 2013, in which Rosen described songs by Florida Georgia Line, particularly their debut single "Cruise". Rosen also named Luke Bryan, Jason Aldean, and Jake Owen among singers of the genre.[5] Entertainment Weekly cited "Boys 'Round Here" by Blake Shelton and "Ready Set Roll" by Chase Rice as other examples of bro-country.[6][7] The popularity of the genre opened up a divide between the older generation of country singers and contemporary artists with a more traditional-leaning sound, and the bro-country singers which was described as "civil war" by musicians, critics and journalists.[8]

Popularity

Florida Georgia Line whose hit song "Cruise" drew attention to the subgenre

Although elements of bro-country had been noted prior, such as in the Trace Adkins hit "Honky Tonk Badonkadonk", the genre began to gather steam in the early 2010s. The song that brought the movement to the attention of music journalists was the 2012 Florida Georgia Line song "Cruise".[5] In 2014, "Cruise" became the best-selling digital country song of all time,[9] with over 7 million copies sold in the US while also holding a then-record 24 weeks as the No. 1 Hot Country Song.[10][11] According to Jody Rosen: "We may look back on 'Cruise' as a turning point, the moment when the balance of power tipped from an older generation of male country stars to the bros."[8]

A number of highly popular albums and songs by singers such as Jason Aldean, Luke Bryan and Blake Shelton considered to be bro-country appeared in the first half of the 2010s. In 2013, Luke Bryan's Crash My Party was the third best-selling of all albums in the US, with Florida Georgia Line's Here's to the Good Times at sixth and Blake Shelton's Based on a True Story at ninth.[12] It has also been estimated in research in mid-2010s that about 45 percent of country's best-selling songs could be considered bro-country, with the top two artists being Luke Bryan and Florida Georgia Line.[13]

While bro-country was popular with country music fans, programmers and those within the industry grew weary of the genre. According to radio programmer R.J. Curtis: "The real fatigue on it has been with [radio] programmers and the people who have to listen to it a lot and evaluate it—the air personalities and the program directors. The people who aren't really sick of it are the listeners."[14] Some thought that the genre had waned by 2015;[15] others, however, felt that the genre remained popular and argued that it had expanded in a positive way. According to radio program director Phathead: "The hip-hop, rock and R&B influence you hear in Sam Hunt, Thomas Rhett, Brett Eldredge, Cole Swindell and all the others is about to take us to new places, and it's awesome."[16]

Criticism

The bro-country movement has been criticized by listeners and music reviewers for its repetitive subject matter, namely lyrical themes of partying associated with Friday nights, alcoholic beverages, euphemistic references to sex, and trucks, as well as its lack of female country artists.[17] Traditional country fans and artists have expressed the sentiment that bro-country music is a poor representation of country music. One critic who spoke favorably about bro-country was David Horsey of the Los Angeles Times, who wrote: "But this music has an appeal not unlike the teen surfing songs of the Beach Boys or the screaming guitar, take-everything-too-far anthems of Bon Jovi and Sammy Hagar... For a young man, the allure of reckless freedom is forever strong. And it's not just young men. I know I've got a 25-year-old bottled up inside my decidedly not young self who still longs for the fantasy."[18]

The genre was also criticized for being formulaic. Throughout 2014, radio station KTCK had a regular segment called "Fun With Country Music" hosted by Corby Davidson, criticizing the new form of country music, and produced a checklist of specific items that would be found in these songs: boots, alcohol, jeans, trucks, guns, farm equipment, the word "girl", and rural settings.[19] A video by Greg Todd, an aspiring songwriter, which highlighted the similarities between bro-country songs went viral after being featured by Time in January 2015.[20][21][22] The video combined six songs released between 2012 and 2014: Shelton's "Sure Be Cool If You Did", Bryan's "Drunk on You", Florida Georgia Line's "This Is How We Roll", Cole Swindell's "Chillin' It", Parmalee's "Close Your Eyes" and Chase Rice's "Ready Set Roll". Todd noted the formula as "a tight, mid-tempo backbeat; a quick, two-verse set-up, often laced with clever wordplay and bouncy, lyrical melody; and—bam—the power chorus to bring it all home and keep them coming back."[21]

In addition, some also criticized the music's portrayal of women.[23] In November 2014, country artist Kenny Chesney, interviewed by Billboard, opined about bro-country: "over the last several years, it seems like anytime anybody sings about a woman, she's in cutoff jeans, drinking and on a tailgate ... they objectify the hell out of them."[24]

In December 2014, Brad Paisley spoke out against bro-country and the lack of women on country radio: "one of my frustrations with radio now is lyrics: [...] there's a lot of stuff on the radio about, you know, put your tan legs on the dashboard and we'll roll around in the truck and go party. It's like, 'Guys, come on!' – and specifically, yes, guys, 'cause there are no girls! We can say something, too. There are phrases that are totally cliché that we as songwriters owe it to ourselves to not use again."[25]

In 2017, Steve Earle noted that the genre was, in some ways, a watered-down form of hip hop, stating that "The guys just wanna sing about getting fucked up. They're just doing hip-hop for people who are afraid of black people. I like the new Kendrick Lamar record, so I'll just listen to that."[26]

Response

In response to the criticisms, Blake Shelton said in January 2013 that he did not care about the "old farts" who complained about their songs: "Well that's because you don't buy records anymore, jackass. The kids do, and they don't want to buy the music you were buying."[7] In turn, that sparked a response from Ray Price via his Facebook page: "It's a shame that I have spend [sic] 63 years in this business trying to introduce music to a larger audience and to make it easier for the younger artists who are coming behind me... You should be so lucky as us old-timers. Check back in 63 years (the year 2075) and let us know how your music will be remembered." Shelton later apologized to Price.[7]

Zac Brown described Luke Bryan's "That's My Kind of Night" as the worst song he had ever heard, to which Jason Aldean replied, "nobody gives a shit what u think."[8] Aldean also called the term bro-country ridiculous and was bothered to be labeled as such because he did not "feel like it's a compliment," that "it's sort of a backhanded thing that comes from a very narrow-minded listener".[27] On his song about drinking and trucks, he said: "Yeah, we've had some songs that talk about that stuff. But that's also what we really grew up doing. A lot of us grew up in these little towns where there wasn't a whole lot to do, and we were entertaining ourselves. I can't sing you a song about being a stockbroker on Wall Street, because I don't even know where the hell Wall Street's at."[28]

Rosen himself was unhappy the way the term bro-country had been used by some as an insult and felt that some criticisms of the genre came from class and regional prejudices and snobbery. He thought that artists such as Jake Owen and Thomas Rhett made music that pushed the genre into "exciting new territory" and said: "All the ways country is flirting with R&B and hip hop, production-wise and otherwise, I think it's really cool." To Rosen, bro-country has changed country in a positive way, producing an increasing diversity of sound and subject matter on country radio.[29]

Reactions in music

A number of country singers expressed their criticism of the genre in their songs.[30] In July 2014, female duo Maddie & Tae released their debut single, "Girl in a Country Song", which criticized and referenced many bro-country songs, particularly the roles of women within such songs.[31][32][33] However, in the same month, country singer-songwriter Maggie Rose released her single "Girl in Your Truck Song". In the song she praises bro-country songs, saying she actually wants to be the girl in their songs.[34]

In August 2014, country artist Brad Paisley recorded a song called "4WP" for his album Moonshine in the Trunk. In the song, Paisley pokes fun at bro-country by joining the trend and heavily relying on some of its recurrent elements. A sample of Paisley's hit single "Mud on the Tires" is also featured in the song. About the song, Paisley said: "In the middle of this bro-country movement, with all this criticism about [the genre's reliance on] the jean shorts and the mud and the outdoors, we do a song that's just like that... but we include a sample of myself from 2003! Which is kind of like saying, 'I have a little license. I kinda did this already'. But it's written so tongue-in-cheek, and it doesn't take itself too seriously."[35]

On October 15, 2014, Canadian country music artist Paul Brandt released the song "Get a Bed" as a comedic response to the bro-country phenomenon.[36]

In April 2015, songwriter Brent Cobb, who has written cuts by Miranda Lambert, Little Big Town, Frankie Ballard and Luke Bryan, released a song called "Yo Bro" which mocks and pokes fun at all of bro-country's clichés stating that it was "inspired by frustration".[37]

In 2016, comedian and musician Ben Hoffman released his first country album, Redneck Shit, under the stage name Wheeler Walker, Jr., finding success satirizing stereotypical modern country music tropes with raunchy themes and lyrics. Hoffman has used the character's success to vocalize his displeasure with the modern Nashville music scene, specifically the bro-country subgenre.[38]

In 2016, Bo Burnham's song "Country Song (Pandering)" parodied bro-country themes.[39]

In 2023, musical project There I Ruined It released the song "Gotta Beer in My Beer: A Tribute to Bro Country" on Youtube and Spotify as a comedic take on the subjects commonly used in bro-country.[40]

See also

  • Truck-driving country, an earlier subgenre centered on heavy commercial trucks (as opposed to pickup trucks)

References

  1. ^ a b Kanuch, Nathan (March 5, 2018). "Re-visiting Bro-Country". Medium. Archived from the original on June 13, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2022.
  2. ^ Andrew Barker (November 26, 2014). "Despite Detractors, Bro-Country May Be a Bellwether of Nashville's Future". Variety. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  3. ^ Rodman, Sarah (November 2, 2013). "For songwriters, a country divide". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  4. ^ Bream, Jon (March 9, 2014). "Luke Bryan is poster boy for Nashville's new 'bro-country'". Minneapolis Star-Tribune. Archived from the original on June 2, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  5. ^ a b Rosen, Jody (August 11, 2013). "Jody Rosen on the Rise of Bro-Country". Vulture.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  6. ^ Smith, Grady (October 18, 2013). "Country brodown: Every truck, beer, jeans, moonlight, and 'girl' reference on the current chart". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 18, 2015. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  7. ^ a b c Smith, Grady (October 1, 2013). "How country music went crazy: A comprehensive timeline of the genre's identity crisis". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 14, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  8. ^ a b c Adam Carlson (October 14, 2014). "'Bro Country' Is Still Thriving, Even If Everyone Hates It". Time. Archived from the original on August 12, 2016. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
  9. ^ Wade Jessen (January 6, 2014). "Florida Georgia Line's 'Cruise' Sets All-Time Country Sales Record". Billboard. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  10. ^ Rob, Tannenbaum (October 14, 2014). "Rap Whiskey Worship Repeat". Billboard. Vol. 126, no. 34. pp. 44–49.
  11. ^ Paul Grein (September 10, 2014). "Chart Watch: Meghan Trainor, Giant Slayer". Yahoo Music! Chart Watch. Archived from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  12. ^ Sasha Bogursky (June 12, 2014). "Country music is not dead: Give bro' country a chance". Fox News. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  13. ^ Chris Parton (February 26, 2015). "Bro Country Mashup Guy Confronts Radio Programmers: What Does the Future of Country Radio Hold?". CMT. Archived from the original on February 27, 2015.
  14. ^ Adam Gold (February 24, 2015). "Why Country Radio Still Matters". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  15. ^ Grady Smith (July 7, 2015). "Rejoice! Bro-country is dying out as new ideas push genre into bolder territory". Guardian. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
  16. ^ Phyllis Stark (August 19, 2015). "Is Bro Country Over... And What Is Its Lasting Legacy?". Billboard.
  17. ^ "Women edged out by 'bro-country' party song trend?". The Seattle Times. March 4, 2014. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  18. ^ Horsey, David (March 12, 2014). "Are bro-mantic songs taking over country music?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  19. ^ McCarthy, Amy (September 4, 2014). "The Hardline's "Fun With Country Music" is a Brilliant Skewer of Bro-Country Lyrics". Dallas Observer. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  20. ^ "Mind-Blowing SIX Song Country Mashup!". YouTube: Sir Mashalot. November 4, 2014. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
  21. ^ a b Brian Mansfield. "Six songs, same tune? Mashup shows country music's similarities". USA Today. Archived from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  22. ^ Grossman, Samantha (January 8, 2015). "This Mashup Shows How Today's Most Popular Country Songs Sound Exactly the Same". Time. Archived from the original on July 6, 2016. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
  23. ^ McCarthy, Amy. "Bro Country's Sexism Is Ruining Country Music". blogs.dallasobserver.com. Dallas Observer. Archived from the original on February 14, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  24. ^ Sterling Whitaker (November 15, 2014). "Kenny Chesney Covers Billboard, Speaks Out on Country Songs That 'Objectify' Women". Taste of Country. Archived from the original on November 17, 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
  25. ^ Eileen Finan (December 2, 2014). "Brad Paisley on Lazy Lyrics, Nashville's Guy Problem – and Why He Doesn't Think He'll Leave a Legacy". People. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
  26. ^ Simon Hattenstone (June 14, 2017). "Steve Earle: 'My wife left me for a younger, skinnier, less talented singer'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  27. ^ Jewel Wicker (May 28, 2015). "Jason Aldean talks about the 'ridiculous' bro-country label, the Tidal 'misconception' and Hersheypark". Penn Live. Archived from the original on August 8, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  28. ^ Chris Willman (September 19, 2014). "Billboard Cover: Jason Aldean on the Curse of Nashville, 'Baby-Making Music' and Dealing With Tabloid Scandals". Billboard. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  29. ^ Grady Smith (August 17, 2015). "The burdens of 'bro-country', a music critic's term gone wild". Guardian.
  30. ^ Jewly Hight (July 21, 2014). "Bro Down! 10 Signs Country's Maligned Trend May Be on the Decline". RollingStone. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  31. ^ Martins, Chris (January 17, 2015). "MADDIE & TAE WILL LEAD THE BRO-COUNTRY BACKLASH". Billboard. Vol. 127, no. 1. p. 41.
  32. ^ Dalfonzo, Gina (July 7, 2014). "The Bro-Country Backlash Is Here". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  33. ^ Conaway, Alanna (July 7, 2014). "Has The Bro-Country "Backlash" Begun? Has the Bro-Country "Backlash" Begun?". Roughstock. Archived from the original on September 24, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  34. ^ Beville Dunkerley (July 15, 2014). "Maggie Rose Puts the 'Girl' in Bro Country — Song Premiere". RollingStone.
  35. ^ Andrew Leahey (August 25, 2014). "Brad Paisley Talks Pot, Rock Riffs and Flying With Obama". RollingStone. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  36. ^ "Is Calgary's Paul Brandt getting bad rap for cheeky new country tune?". Metronews.ca. October 23, 2014. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  37. ^ "Hear Brent Cobb's Satirical, 'Anti-Bro' Song". Rolling Stone.
  38. ^ Perlut, Aaron (April 3, 2022). "Wheeler Walker, Jr. Still Has An Axe To Grind With The Music Industry". brobible.com. BroBible. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  39. ^ Cartwright, Megan (July 25, 2023). "Bo Burnham's country song parody resurfaces—"Best rebuttal to Jason Aldean"". Newsweek. Archived from the original on June 15, 2024. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
  40. ^ There I Ruined It (November 25, 2023). What bro country sounds like to people who don't like bro country. Retrieved June 15, 2024 – via YouTube.

Read other articles:

Fiesta San Antonio

Annual festival held in April in San Antonio, Texas This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Fiesta San Antonio – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Fiesta San Antonio (or simply Fiesta) is an annual festival held in April ...

 

 

HP Sauce

British sauce made with tamarind HP SauceHP Sauce on a bacon sandwichProduct typeBrown sauceOwnerKraft Heinz (2005–pres.)Produced byHeinzCountryEnglandIntroduced1895; 129 years ago (1895) [1]MarketsEurope, CanadaPrevious owners Frederick Gibson Garton (1895–1903)[1] HP Foods (1903–2005) Websitehpsauce.co.uk HP Sauce is an English brown sauce[2] the main ingredients of which are tomatoes and tamarind extract. It was named after London's Hous...

 

 

Machilus

Genus of flowering plants Machilus Machilus thunbergii leaves, also known as Persea thunbergii Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Magnoliids Order: Laurales Family: Lauraceae Genus: MachilusNees Species See text Wikimedia Commons has media related to Machilus. Wikispecies has information related to Machilus. Machilus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lauraceae. It is found in temperate, subtropical, and tropical forest, occurri...

Giant otter

Species of mammal Giant otter[1] Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Conservation status Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)[2] CITES Appendix I (CITES)[3] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Genus: PteronuraGray, 1837 Species: P. brasiliensis Binomial name Pteronura brasiliensis(Gmelin, 1788) Giant otter range The giant otter or giant river otter[4] (Pteronur...

 

 

Paris Saint-Germain Football Club 1989-1990

Voce principale: Paris Saint-Germain Football Club. Paris Saint-Germain F.C.Stagione 1989-1990I parigini entrano in campo a Torino, contro la Juventus, per il retour match dei sedicesimi di finale della Coppa UEFA. Sport calcio Squadra Paris Saint-Germain Allenatore Tomislav Ivić Presidente Francis Borelli Division 15º Coppa di FranciaTrentaduesimi di finale Coppa UEFASedicesimi di finale Maggiori presenzeTotale: Bats (43) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Vujović (10)Totale: Vujović (11...

 

 

Young Mother

Sculpture by Auguste Rodin This article is about Young Mother by Rodin. For other uses, see The Young Mother (Dou). Young Motherat Museo SoumayaArtistAuguste RodinYear1885MediumBronze Young Mother is a bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin with a brown and green patina, conceived in 1885 and cast by the Rudier Foundry. Casts A first edition cast is now in the Museo Soumaya. Other versions of the work survive in marble in the National Gallery of Scotland and in plaster in the Academy of the Legion...

Lega Nazionale A 1983-1984

Lega Nazionale A 1983-1984Lega Nazionale Competizione Lega Nazionale A Sport Calcio Edizione 86ª Organizzatore Lega Nazionale A (LNA) Luogo  Svizzera Partecipanti 16 Risultati Vincitore  Grasshoppers(20º titolo) Retrocessioni  Bellinzona Chiasso Statistiche Miglior marcatore Bregy (21) Cronologia della competizione 1982-1983 1984-1985 Manuale L'edizione 1983-1984 della Lega Nazionale A vide la vittoria finale del Grasshopper Club Zürich. Capocannoniere del torneo ...

 

 

Sadiq al-Mahdi

Sadiq al-Mahdial-Mahdi pada 1964 Perdana Menteri Sudan ke-7Masa jabatan6 Mei 1986 – 30 Juni 1989PresidenAhmed al-MirghaniPendahuluAl-Jazuli Daf'allahPenggantiBakri Hassan Saleh (2017)Masa jabatan27 Juli 1966 – 18 Mei 1967PresidenIsmail al-AzhariPendahuluMuhammad Ahmad MahgoubPenggantiMuhammad Ahmad Mahgoub Informasi pribadiLahir(1935-12-25)25 Desember 1935Al-Abasya, Sudan Inggris-MesirMeninggal26 November 2020(2020-11-26) (umur 84)Abu Dhabi, Uni Emirat ArabPartai po...

 

 

Shaw House and Centre

Shaw HouseShaw HouseLokasiOrchard, SingapuraKoordinat1°18′21″N 103°49′53.5″E / 1.30583°N 103.831528°E / 1.30583; 103.831528Koordinat: 1°18′21″N 103°49′53.5″E / 1.30583°N 103.831528°E / 1.30583; 103.831528Alamat350 Orchard RoadTanggal dibuka1993PengembangShaw OrganisationPengurusShaw OrganisationPemilikShaw OrganisationJumlah toko dan jasa12Jumlah toko induk2Jumlah lantai22Situs webShaw House Shaw House and Shaw Centre (Ha...

Sports nutrition

Study and practice of nutrition to improve performance Nutrition is important in all sports Sports nutrition is the study and practice of nutrition and diet with regards to improving anyone's athletic performance. Nutrition is an important part of many sports training regimens, being popular in strength sports (such as weightlifting and bodybuilding) and endurance sports (e.g. cycling, running, swimming, rowing). Sports nutrition focuses its studies on the type, as well as the quantity of flu...

 

 

Thibaut Courtois

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Courtois. Thibaut Courtois Thibaut Courtois avec la Belgique en 2018. Situation actuelle Équipe Real Madrid Numéro 1 Biographie Nom Thibaut Nicolas Marc Courtois Nationalité  Belge Naissance 11 mai 1992 (32 ans) Brée (Belgique) Taille 2,00 m (6′ 7″)[1] Période pro. Depuis 2009 Poste Gardien de but Pied fort Gauche Parcours junior Années Club 1997-1999 Bilzerse VV 1999-2008 KRC Genk Parcours senior1 AnnéesClub 0M.0(B.) 2008-2011...

 

 

Dragon Seed (novel)

1942 Pearl Buck book. Dragon Seed First editionAuthorPearl S. BuckCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreHistorical novelPublisherJohn DayPublication dateJanuary 1942Media typePrint (Hardback, paperback, Audiobook & ebook)Pages378ISBN978-1559210331Preceded byChina Sky Followed byThe Promise  Dragon Seed: A Novel of China Today is a novel by Pearl S. Buck first published in 1942. It describes the lives of Chinese peasants in a village outside Nanjing, China, immed...

Hollywood Squares

American television game show This article is about the TV game show. For the band, see The Hollywood Squares (band). Hollywood SquaresFinal title card, used from 2002 to 2004GenreGame showCreated by Merrill Heatter Bob Quigley Presented by Peter Marshall Jon Bauman John Davidson Tom Bergeron Narrated by Kenny Williams Gene Wood Shadoe Stevens Jeffrey Tambor John Moschitta Jr. Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons 14 (NBC) 3 (Syndication; 1986–89) 6 (Syndicati...

 

 

Isabel Carlota de Borbón-Orleans

Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada. Busca fuentes: «Isabel Carlota de Borbón-Orleans» – noticias · libros · académico · imágenesEste aviso fue puesto el 7 de septiembre de 2014. Isabel Carlota de Orleans Duquesa de Lorena y de Bar Del taller de Pierre Gobert.Reinado 13 de octubre de 1698 - 27 de marzo de 1729Predecesor Leonor María Josefa de AustriaSucesor María Teresa de AustriaPrincesa de Commercy 9 de ...

 

 

Commander-in-Chief, India

Supreme commander of the Indian Army before 1950 Commander-in-Chief, IndiaLongest servingGeneral The Earl of MoiraOctober 1813 – January 1823 British Indian ArmyStatusSenior-most officer of the Indian ArmyReports toGovernor-General of IndiaResidenceFlagstaff HouseSeatGHQ IndiaTerm lengthNo fixed termFirst holderMajor general Stringer Lawrence[citation needed]Final holderFM Sir Claude AuchinleckAbolished15 August 1947SuccessionCommanders-in-Chief of the Indian Army and Pakistan ...

Provincia di Milano

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Provincia di Milano (disambigua). Provincia di Milanoex provincia Provincia di Milano – VedutaPalazzo Isimbardi, sede della Provincia LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Lombardia AmministrazioneCapoluogoMilano Data di istituzione26 settembre 1786 Data di soppressione31 dicembre 2014 TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo45°27′50.98″N 9°11′25.21″E45°27′50.98″N, 9°11′25.21″E (Provincia di Milano) Sup...

 

 

Not Yet (band)

Japanese girl group Not YetMembers of Not Yet, from left to right: Yuko Oshima, Rino Sashihara, Rie Kitahara, and Yui YokoyamaBackground informationOriginTokyo, JapanGenresPopYears active2011 (2011)–2015 (2015)LabelsFuture SevenNippon ColumbiaMembersYuko OshimaRino SashiharaRie KitaharaYui YokoyamaWebsitecolumbia.jp/notyet/ Not Yet (stylized as Not yet, pronounced as Notto Yetto (ノット・イェット)) was a sub-unit of the all-female Japanese pop group AKB48. History The form...

 

 

Fandub

Fans audio recording a translation for media that has none Not to be confused with Fansub. Part of a series onTranslation Types Legal Literary Bible Quran Kural Linguistic validation Medical Regulatory Technical Interpretation Cultural Word-for-word Sense-for-sense Homophonic Theory Translation studies Skopos theory Translation project Translation criticism Dynamic and formal equivalence Contrastive linguistics Polysystem theory Technologies CAT Machine translation Mobile translation Translat...

Valentin Nikolayev (footballer)

Soviet Russian footballer and coach Valentin Nikolayev Personal informationFull name Valentin Aleksandrovich NikolayevDate of birth August 16, 1921 (1921-08-16)Place of birth Yerosovo, Vladimir Governorate, USSRDate of death October 9, 2009 (2009-10-10) (aged 88)Place of death MoscowHeight 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in)Position(s) ForwardYouth career Kazanka MoscowSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1940–1952 CDKA Moscow 187 (79)1952 Kalinin City Team 4 (2)1953 MVO Moscow 0...

 

 

Landau

For other uses, see Landau (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Landau – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Town in Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyLandau in der Pfalz TownCourthouse FlagCoat of armsLocation of Landau...