Bramley is a district in west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is part of the City of Leeds Ward of Bramley and Stanningley with a population of 21,334 at the 2011 Census.[2] The area is an old industrial area with much 19th century architecture and 20th century council housing in the east and private suburban housing in the west.
Etymology
The name of Bramley is first attested in the 1086 Domesday Book as Brameleia and Bramelei.[3] The name derives from the Old English words brōm ('broom') and lēah ('open land in a wood'). Thus the name once meant 'open land characterised by broom'.[4]
History
Blue plaque on Stocks Hill
At the time of the Domesday survey, the nucleus of the settlement was probably located at Stocks Hill, and it developed in a linear fashion along today's Town Street.[5]
The surviving water pump and stone water trough on Stocks Hill remain from Bramley's medieval past. The accompanying blue plaque states "Stocks Hill, Bramley. This historic pump and trough are the last reminders of Bramley Village Green which was surrounded by medieval cottages and yards. The Green featured the stocks, pillory and an 8ft pillar which commemorated the holding of Leeds Market here during the plague of 1644-45".
The area experienced an industrial boom and an associated population increase in the 19th century, mostly because of the development of the woollen textile industry in the early part of the century and due to the boot making and engineering industries in its later part.[5] The antiquarian Benjamin Wilson was the first person to write a history of Bramley, published in 1860.[6] He donated his collection to Leeds City Museum, including a witch's bottle found in White Coat (White Cote), Bramley in 1861.[7]
Bramley Cross carving in the Anglo Saxon style
In 1873, bishop John Gott and H. M. Gott erected a stone cross with Anglo Saxon style carving to celebrate 8 years of living and working in Bramley, it now stands in a walled garden, although in the 1980s it stood at the park entrance.[8] Nearby, on Town Street, is the old house that dates back to 1480.
Bramley was formerly a township and chapelry in the parish of Leeds,[9] in 1866 Bramley became a separate civil parish, on 26 March 1904 the parish was abolished to form Armley and Bramley.[10] In 1901 the parish had a population of 17,299.[11]
Mary Gawthorpe described her experience living and working at Hough Lane School in Bramley between 1905 and 1907 in her autobiography. She recalls: 'Bramley was an oasis of peace, and old established centre of homes and living yet within the city bounds... from our kitchen at Warrel's Mount we looked out on open fields. The walk to school was almost rural in its calm'.[12]
Much of Bramley was redeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s, albeit in an unsympathetic manner that damaged the historic integrity of the area and altered the appearance and the character of the town significantly.[5] The Bramley Shopping Centre replaced the former town centre, and was Leeds' second purpose-built town centre after Seacroft town centre.[citation needed] Unlike Seacroft, the Bramley Shopping Centre replaced an existing town centre. The redevelopment replaced substandard shops and houses; many of the shops and cottages were dilapidated and in need of repair.[13] From 2008, following a time of deterioration of the shopping centre, new anchor stores such as Farmfoods and Tesco took over existing premises or occupied new ones in the course of a general refit.[13]
The redevelopment of Bramley was condemned by English Heritage as one of the least sensitive redevelopment programmes in Yorkshire.[citation needed] In 2008 the Yorkshire Evening Post ran an article describing the redevelopment of a "once-picturesque area", and questioning the replacement of an historic Yorkshire town centre.[13] Much of historical Bramley is now protected by the Bramley Town Conservation Area, which focuses on the area around Bramley Park across to Hough Lane.[5]
Parks and open areas for outdoor recreation include Bramley Falls Wood, which runs beside the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and Bramley Park, which contains an underground reservoir at its highest point. At Bramley Park a fireworks display and the Bramley Carnival is held most years.[14]
Bramley Baths
Bramley Baths are an example of Edwardian swimming baths. Built in 1904, and restored, it has a 25-yard pool, a gymnasium and a Russian steam room. The baths were used for dances during its early years, when the pool was covered with a large dance floor. The baths are the only remaining example of an Edwardian era bath-house in Leeds today and are a Grade II listed structure.[15] The baths were built on the site of an iron foundry and the original foundry chimney, built with over 8,000 Kirkstall bricks, still towers over the baths and can be seen across Leeds.[16] The four Georgian style houses built c. 1803 to the right-hand side of the baths were the original homes of the iron foundry owner and his three children.
Bramley Shopping Centre is a 1960s-style concrete shopping plaza which was erected to replace the traditional stone-built village centre. Shops include charity shops, banks, bakeries, pawnbrokers, supermarkets, a post office, Greggs, Pizza HutDelivery, a dental practice, beauty salons and fast food takeaways.
Gamble Hill estate
Estates in Bramley which have residents' associations include Moorside[17] and Ganners, Landseer, Rossefield,[citation needed] and Newlay and Whitecote.[18] LILAC, an affordable green co-housing project, is based in Bramley.[19]
Bramley bus station is located in the centre of Bramley in the shopping centre.
Sport
Rugby league
Bramley RLFC were founded in 1879, their earliest permanent ground was Barley Mow which hosted New Zealand on their tour of Great Britain in 1907. Bramley joined the Northern Union in 1896. The club moved to McLaren Field in 1965 where they stayed until 1995 after being forced to leave due to financial difficulties. They went onto play at Clarence Field and Headingley before folding in 1999.
Following Bramley folding a new club, Bramley Buffaloes, were set up in 2000. Their bids to rejoin the RFLs professional ranks were denied but they were eventually entered into National League Three in 2004.
Major John Geoffrey Appleyard DSO, MC and Bar Commando and SAS War Hero was born in Bramley in 1916.
Jamie Peacock MBE, English professional rugby league footballer who played for the Leeds Rhinos and the Bradford Bulls in the Super League, and captained both Great Britain and England at international level, was born in Bramley in 1977.
.jpg)
