Bourtange

Bourtange
Village
Brick houses and trees around an empty market square
Market square in the center of Fort Bourtange
Flag of Bourtange
Flag
Maps of the Netherlands and Groningen with the location of Bourtange
Maps of the Netherlands and Groningen with the location of Bourtange
Bourtange
Location in the province of Groningen
Maps of the Netherlands and Groningen with the location of Bourtange
Maps of the Netherlands and Groningen with the location of Bourtange
Bourtange
Bourtange (Netherlands)
Coordinates: 53°00′24″N 7°11′31″E / 53.0066°N 7.1920°E / 53.0066; 7.1920
CountryNetherlands
ProvinceGroningen
MunicipalityWesterwolde
Area
 (2012)[1]
 • Total
159 ha (393 acres)
 • Land147 ha (363 acres)
 • Water12 ha (30 acres)
Population
 (2012)[1]
 • Total
430
 • Density270/km2 (700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
9545[2]
Area code0599[3]
ISO 3166 codeNL-GR

Bourtange (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌbuːrˈtɑŋə]; Gronings: Boertang) is a village with a population of 430 in the municipality of Westerwolde in the Netherlands. It is situated in the region Westerwolde in the east of the province of Groningen near the German border. Fort Bourtange was built in 1593 during the Dutch Revolt and was used until 1851. Between 1967[4] and 1992 the star fort was gradually restored to its mid-18th-century state and it is currently an open-air museum.[5][6]

Etymology

The name Bourtange comes from the Dutch word tange (sand ridge), because the settlement is situated on a strategically important sand ridge in the marshes of the Bourtange Moor.[7]

History

Bourtange fortification, restored to its 1750 state

Fort Bourtange was initially built during the Eighty Years' War (circa 1568–1648) when William I of Orange wanted to control the main road between Germany and the city of Groningen which was controlled by the Spanish. This road followed a sandy ridge (tange) through the marshes (the Bourtange Swamp).

Later, around 1594, Bourtange became part of the fortifications on the border between the northern provinces (Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe) and Germany.

Bourtange was a separate municipality until 1822, when it was merged with Vlagtwedde.[8]

In 1851 the star fort was given up and Bourtange became a normal village.[9]

Around 1960 living conditions in the village deteriorated and it was decided that Bourtange would be rebuilt to its state of 1740-1750. Today it is an open-air museum.

Geography

Bourtange is located in the center of the municipality of Westerwolde and in the east of the province of Groningen near the German border. It is situated on a sand ridge in the Bourtange Moor, in the region of Westerwolde.

Demographics

In 2001, the town of Bourtange had 267 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.21 km2, and contained 133 residences.[10] In 2005, the statistical area "Bourtange", which also can include the surrounding countryside, had a population of around 530.[11]

As of 2012, Bourtange has a population of 430 and a population density of 270/km2 (700/sq mi).[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c (in Dutch) Kerncijfers wijken en buurten, Statistics Netherlands, 2013. Retrieved on 19 January 2014.
  2. ^ (in Dutch) Resultaten voor "Bourtange,", Postcode.nl. Retrieved on 19 January 2014.
  3. ^ (in Dutch) Netnummer zoeken Archived 2017-04-30 at the Wayback Machine, Telefoonboek.nl. Retrieved on 19 January 2014.
  4. ^ "WELCOME TO THE YEAR 1742". Archived from the original on 2013-01-31.
  5. ^ "Vesting Bourtange - Musea". www.bourtange.nl. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  6. ^ "Bourtange Fortress | Northeastern Netherlands, The Netherlands | Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  7. ^ (in Dutch) "Bourtange (gemeente Vlagtwedde)", Monumenten in Nederland. Groningen, 1998/2010. Retrieved on 19 January 2014.
  8. ^ (in Dutch) Ad van der Meer and Onno Boonstra, Repertorium van Nederlandse gemeenten, KNAW, 2011.
  9. ^ "Vesting Bourtange". Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  10. ^ (in Dutch) Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Bevolkingskernen in Nederland 2001 Archived March 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. (Statistics are for the continuous built-up area).
  11. ^ (in Dutch) Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statline: Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2003-2005 Archived 1999-04-27 at the Wayback Machine. As of 1 January 2005.

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