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Bird Millman
Bird Millman
	Millman about 1917
Born	Jennadean Engleman; October 20, 1890; Cañon City, Colorado, U.S.
Died	August 5, 1940 (aged 49); Cañon City, Colorado, U.S.
Occupation	Tightrope walker
Employer(s)	Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus; Florenz Ziegfeld
Spouse(s)	John C. Thomas (divorced) ; Joseph Francis O'Day (m.?-1929; his death)

Bird Millman O’Day (born Jennadean Engleman; October 20, 1890 – August 5, 1940^[1]) was one of the most celebrated high-wire performers of all time.^[2] During the “Golden Age of the American Circus,” she was a premiere attraction with the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus.^[3]

Mud shows and vaudeville

Born Jennadean Engleman in Cañon City, Colorado, young Bird traveled in mud shows (small circuses) with her parents, Dyke F. Engleman and Genevieve Patton Engleman.^[1] In 1904, the Millman Trio entered big-time vaudeville,^[5] playing such destinations as Keith's Union Square^[6] and Hammerstein's Paradise Roof Garden.^[7] At one point Bird was dubbed, perhaps ironically, "the Eva Tanguay of the Wire."

At Berlin's Wintergarten Theatre, Bird gave a command performance before the court of Kaiser Wilhelm II.^[8] Upon her return to the United States, her act became Bird Millman & Co., adding the New York Hippodrome and the Palace Theatre (Broadway)^[9] to her list of credits. One of the troop's new members, Fern Andra, did not return after a brief European tour; later, she resurfaced as a star of German silent film.^[10]

Circus and follies

In 1913, Bird became a center-ring performer with the Barnum and Bailey Circus, where she remained after its merger with the Ringling Brothers Circus. In the seasons of 1919 and 1920, the side rings were vacant during Bird's performance;^[11] such singularity was reserved for the circus's greatest stars. Bird's peers were equestrienne May Wirth and aerialist Lillian Leitzel,^[12] the latter widely considered the greatest circus star of all time. Bird spent the circus's off-season on Broadway, appearing in The Ziegfeld Follies of 1916 and in several editions of Ziegfeld's Frolics.^[13]

In 1921, she appeared in John Murray Anderson's Third Annual Greenwich Village Follies.^[14] In 1920, she performed a specialty number in The Deep Purple, a silent film directed by Raoul Walsh.^[15] Bird never relied on novelty or hair-raising stunts; rather, she was acclaimed for her unusual speed and seemingly effortless grace. Contrary to several well-meaning accounts, she did, indeed, employ a parasol for balance.^[2] During several exhibitions, she performed high above the streets of New York City; in addition to selling war bonds at such exhibitions, she gained widespread publicity.^[16]

Following her retirement from show business, the cross-dressing Berta Beeson, “the Julian Eltinge of the Wire,” paid homage to her legacy in form and content.^[17]

Personal life

Millman's first two marriages were brief: one ending in annulment, the other in quick divorce.^[18] Her third husband was Harvard graduate and military veteran, Joseph Francis O'Day,^[19] who died shortly after losing his fortune in the stock market crash of 1929.

Death

Destitute, Bird joined her mother and extended family in her native Colorado, where she died of uterine cancer at age 49.^[20] Her eulogy was written by author Dixie Willson (sister of composer Meredith Willson).

Circus Hall of Fame

Bird Millman was inducted posthumously into the International Circus Hall of Fame in 1961.

Fictional

She is mentioned briefly in Gwenda Bond's book Girl on a Wire as the main protagonist's idol.

References

^ ^a ^b “Bird Millman O'Day... Succumbs Here Monday Night after Long Illness”, Cañon City Daily Record, August 6, 1940
^ ^a ^b Robie, Frank D. “The Real Bird Millman,” Bandwagon, November/December, 1998, 44-46.
^ Loxton, Howard. The Golden Age of the Circus. New York: Smithmark, 1997, 64.
^ "Player". Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections. January 24, 1913. p. 4. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
^ Willson, Dixie. Where the World Folds Up at Night. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1922.
^ New York Times, December 19, 1904
^ "Hammerstein's," New York Times, July 9, 1905, IV:5:1,4,5.
^ Millman O'Day, Bird. "Bird Millman," White Tops, June/July 1940, pp. 17-19
^ “Palace,” New York Times, November 30, 1913, sec. 7: 4-5
^ “Marriages: Millman-[O’Day]; Fern Andra,” Billboard, May 10, 1924, p. 114 (coincidentally, marriage announcements for both women appear)
^ "The 1920 Circus Season is Now On", Billboard, April 3, 1920, p. 37
^ Eckley, Wilton. The American Circus. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1984.
^ Ziegfeld, Richard and Paulette. The Ziegfeld Touch: The Life and Times of Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993.
^ “Greenwich Village Follies Open”, New York Times, September 1, 1921, p. 18:3
^ New York Times, May 2, 1920
^ Sterling, Janet. "A Shoe That Danced Around the World," White Tops, Spring 1941, p. 2
^ Rennert, Jack. American Circus Posters. Baraboo, Wisconsin: Circus World Museum, 1984; pp. 121, 142
^ Campbell, Rosemary Wells. From Trappers to Tourists: Fremont County, Colorado, 1830-1950. Filter Press, 1972
^ Harvard College, Class of 1916: Secretary’s Third Report, Boston Public Library, June 1922, pp. 331-332
^ "Passing of the Dancing Star of the Wire", White Tops, August/September 1940

Resources

Items of interest

Vanity Fair, October 1916 (cover)
“Why Bewitching Bird Millman ‘Hushed’ Her Goldspoon Marriage,” Denver Post (Magazine Section), 12 October 1924, p. 2
Willson, Dixie. Little Texas (1929); Mystery in Spangles (1950)

Collections

The Royal Gorge Regional Museum & History Center in Cañon City, Colorado houses several artifacts, including personal letters and Bird's vaudeville scrapbook.
The Robert L. Parkinson Library and Research Center at the Circus World Museum houses programs, photographs, and more.