Bingöl Province

Bingöl Province
Bingöl ili
Province
Location of the province within Turkey
Location of the province within Turkey
Coordinates: 39°02′28″N 40°40′33″E / 39.04111°N 40.67583°E / 39.04111; 40.67583
CountryTurkey
SeatBingöl
Government
 • GovernorAhmet Hamdi Usta
Area
8,003 km2 (3,090 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
282,556
 • Density35/km2 (91/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Area code0426
Websitewww.bingol.gov.tr

Bingöl Province (Turkish: Bingöl ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Çewlîg;[2] Zazaki: Wîlayetî Çewlîg;[3] Armenian: Ճապաղջուր զավառ) is a province of Turkey.[4] The province was known as Çapakçur Province (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, lit. 'spread out water') before 1945 when it was renamed as Bingöl Province.[5] Its area is 8,003 km2,[6] and its population is 282,556 (2022).[1] The province encompasses 11 municipalities, 325 villages and 693 hamlets.[7][4]

The town of Genç was the scene of origin for the Kurdish Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925 and most of the region was captured by the rebels during the rebellion.[8]

As the current Governor of the province, Ahmet Hamdi Usta was appointed by the president in August 2023.[9]

Geography

The largest lake in Bingöl Province is Lake Bahri.[10] The main mountains in Bingöl province are the Genç Mountains, Akçara Mountains, Şerafettin Mountains and Bingöl Mountains.[11]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
194070,184—    
195097,328+3.32%
1960131,364+3.04%
1970177,951+3.08%
1980228,702+2.54%
1990250,966+0.93%
2000253,739+0.11%
2010255,170+0.06%
2020281,768+1.00%
Source:Turkstat[12][13][14]

Kurds comprise the majority of the province and the province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.[15][16] Its population is majority Sunni, conservative and many adhere to the Naqshbandi order.[17][18] The province moreover has a significant Alevi minority.[19] Linguistically, the southern parts of the province speak Zaza, while the northern parts speak Kurmanji. Many Zaza-speakers speak Kurmanji as well.[20]

Language and religion statistics

Bingöl Province was part of Bitlis Vilayet during the Ottoman era as Genç Sanjak and had a population of 36,011 in the 1881-1882 census. 85.7% of the population was Muslim and the remaining 14.3% was Armenian. In the census of 1897, the sanjak had a population of 47,652, of which 88.1% was Muslim and 11.9% was Armenian. All of the Armenians adhered to the Armenian Apostolic Church.[21]

In the 1906-1907 census, the sanjak had a population of 45,215 of which 86.8% was Muslim and Armenians comprised the remaining 13.2%. In the last Ottoman census in 1914, the region had a population of 38,096 of which 93.9% was Muslim and 6.1% Armenian.[22]

The first Turkish census which included Bingöl Province was the 1945 census, where the population was 75,550 who all were Muslims. Linguistically, the most spoken first language was Kurdish at 55.7%, followed by Turkish at 43.8% and Circassian at 0.4%.[23] In the 1950 census, Kurdish was the first language for 76.5% of the population of 97,328, while Turkish remained the second largest language standing at 22.9% and Circassian at 0.4%.[24] In the last census in 1965, Kurdish stood at 58.3% and Turkish at 41.6%.[25]

A 2016 survey showed that 90.4% of the population spoke Turkish, 64.1% spoke Zaza, 40.1% spoke Kurmanji and 5.6% spoke Arabic.[26]

History

From 1923 to 1929, Bingöl Province was part of Elazığ Province and part of Muş Province from 1929 to 1936. It ultimately became a province in 1936.[5]

In December 1935 the Tunceli Law was passed which demanded a more powerful government in the region.[27] Therefore, the region containing the present Bingöl province, together with the provinces of Tunceli, Erzincan and Elaziğ were included in the Fourth Inspectorate General (Umumi Müfettişlik, UM) in January 1936.[28][29] The fourth UM was governed by a Governor Commander. All the employees in the municipalities were to be from the military and the Governor Commander had the authority to evacuate whole villages and resettle them in other parts of the province.[28] in 1946 the Tunceli Law was abolished and the state of emergency removed but the authority of the fourth UM was transferred to the military.[28] The Inspectorate General was dissolved in 1952 during the Government of the Democrat Party.[30]

Districts

Districts of Bingöl Province

Bingöl province is divided into 8 districts (capital district in bold):

  • Floating islands (Bingöl)
    Floating islands (Bingöl)
  • Haserek ski facilities
    Haserek ski facilities
  • Bingöl center
    Bingöl center
  • Piltan (Balaban Bey) Mosque
    Piltan (Balaban Bey) Mosque
  • Sülbüs Mountain
    Sülbüs Mountain
  • Gülbahar Barrage
    Gülbahar Barrage
  • Buban Fairy Chimneys in the village of Oğuldere
    Buban Fairy Chimneys in the village of Oğuldere
  • Yedisu, Bingöl.
    Yedisu, Bingöl.
  • Çır waterfall, also known as Çır Şelalesi
    Çır waterfall, also known as Çır Şelalesi
  • 33 Martyrs Memorial
    33 Martyrs Memorial
  • Bingöl Airport
    Bingöl Airport
  • Gerendal Lake
    Gerendal Lake

Bibliography

  • Dündar, Fuat (2000), Türkiye nüfus sayımlarında azınlıklar (in Turkish), ISBN 9789758086771

References

  1. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Li 26 herêmên Çewlîgê "herêmên ewlehiya taybet" hat ragihandin". Rûdaw. 11 November 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  3. ^ Lezgîn, Roşan (26 August 2009). "Kirmanckî, Kirdkî, Dimilkî, Zazakî" (in Zazaki). Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri". T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Valilik Tarihçesi". www.bingol.gov.tr. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
  6. ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  7. ^ "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021" (XLS) (in Turkish). TÜİK. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  8. ^ Oran, Baskın; Akdevelioğlu, Atay; Akşin, Mustafa (2010). Turkish Foreign Policy, 1919-2006. University of Utah Press. p. 159. ISBN 9780874809046.
  9. ^ "Valimiz". Bingöl Valiliği. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  10. ^ "Bingöl araştırmaları dergisi" (PDF) (in Turkish). The journal of Bingöl studies. Bingöl University. July 9, 2015. p. 89.
  11. ^ "Bingöl İli Memeli Biyoçeşitliliği ve Ekolojisi" (PDF) (in Turkish). Batman University Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. p. 18.
  12. ^ Genel Nüfus Sayımları
  13. ^ Turkstat
  14. ^ "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2020". Turkish Statistical Institute. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  15. ^ Watts, Nicole F. (2010). Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey (Studies in Modernity and National Identity). Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-295-99050-7.
  16. ^ "Kurds, Kurdistān". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2 ed.). BRILL. 2002. ISBN 9789004161214.
  17. ^ "Turkish Town's Despair Breeds Terrorists, Residents Fear". The New York Times. 27 November 2003. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  18. ^ Ayiş, Mehmet Şirin (2018). "Bingöl ve Çevresinde Halidîliğin Yayılmasında Etkili Olmuş Sufi Şahsiyetler" (PDF). BÜİFD. 11. University of Bingöl: 183–208.
  19. ^ Hamelink, Wendelmoet (2016). The Sung Home. Narrative, Morality, and the Kurdish Nation. BRILL. p. 25. ISBN 9789004314825.
  20. ^ Bright, William (1992). International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. p. 231. ISBN 9780195051964.
  21. ^ Karpat, Kemal (1985). Ottoman population 1830-1914. The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 196. ISBN 9780299091606.
  22. ^ Karpat, Kemal (1985). Ottoman population 1830-1914. The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 130, 162 & 174. ISBN 9780299091606.
  23. ^ Dündar (2000), pp. 176–178.
  24. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 186.
  25. ^ Dündar (2000), p. 218.
  26. ^ Bingöl İli Sosyal Analiz Çalışması (PDF) (in Turkish). Ankara: Hegem Vakfı. 2016. p. 164. ISBN 978-605-8295-10-0.
  27. ^ Cagaptay, Soner (2006-05-02). Islam, Secularism and Nationalism in Modern Turkey: Who is a Turk?. Routledge. pp. 108–110. ISBN 978-1-134-17448-5.
  28. ^ a b c Bayir, Derya (2016-04-22). Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law. Routledge. pp. 139–141. ISBN 978-1-317-09579-8.
  29. ^ Cagaptay, Soner (2006-05-02). Islam, Secularism and Nationalism in Modern Turkey: Who is a Turk?. Routledge. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-134-17448-5.
  30. ^ Fleet, Kate; Kunt, I. Metin; Kasaba, Reşat; Faroqhi, Suraiya (2008-04-17). The Cambridge History of Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3.
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