| English name
|
Type
of
proper noun
|
Start
year
(approximate)
|
End
year
(approximate)
|
Native language name
|
Andrew of Bethsaida
(Son of Jonah & Joanna)
An apostle of Jesus
|
Person
|
AD 5
|
AD 65
|
Andrew
Koinē Greek: Ἀνδρέας
Pronunciation: Awn-dray-yiss
Andrew of Bethsaida
Greek: Ανδρέας της Βηθσαΐδας
Pronunciation: Awn-dray-yiss teese Veeth-sie-doss
|
| Babylonia
|
Nation
|
1894 BC
|
539 BC
|
Akkadian: 𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠
Pronunciation: Māt Akkadī
Meaning: The Country of Akkad
|
Belshazzar
(Son of Nabonidus)
(King of Babylonia)
|
Person
|
585 BC
|
539 BC
|
Babylonian cuneiform: ![]()
Pronunciation: Bēl-šar-uṣur
Meaning: Bel, protect the king
|
Bethlehem
(Beth Lehem)
(This is the biblical birthplace of Jesus Christ. However some scholars believe he was born in Nazareth. See the main article for more information.)
|
Village
|
1400 BC
|
|
Village name during the kingdoms of Israel, Judah until the Siege of Jerusalem (930 BC to 587 BC):
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤁𐤉𐤕𐤋𐤄𐤌[1][2]
Pronunciation: Bayawt Lahawm
Meaning: House of Bread
Village name from 587 BC through the time of Christ:
Aramaic: בית לחם
Pronunciation: Beit Lekhem
Meaning: House of Bread
|
Beth Shemesh
|
Village
|
|
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤁𐤉𐤕𐤔𐤌𐤔
Pronunciation: Bayawt Shamawsh
Meaning: House of Sun
|
Caesar, Augustus
(son of Gaius Octavius & Atia)
|
Person
|
63 BC
|
AD 14
|
Latin: AVGVSTVS CAESAR (Augustus Caesar)
Pronunciation: Ow-goos-toos Kie-sar
|
| Canaan
|
Nation
|
|
|
Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍
KNʿN
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍
Pronunciation: K-naw-un
|
| Caiaphas, Joseph ben
|
Person
|
14 BC
|
AD 46
|
Hebrew: יהוסף בר קַיָפָא
Pronunciation: Yeh-hoo-siff bar Kie-yuh-fuh
|
David
(Son of Jesse & Nitzevet bat Adael)
|
Person
|
1035 BC
|
970 BC
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤃𐤅𐤃
Pronunciation: Daw-weed
Meaning: Beloved One
|
David, House of
(the linage of David)
|
|
1035 BC
|
970 BC
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤁𐤉𐤕𐤃𐤅𐤃
Pronunciation: Bayt Daw-weed
|
| Egypt, Nation of
|
Nation
|
3150 BC
|
30 BC
|
Ancient Egyptian:
Pronunciation: Kemet
Meaning: Black Land
|
Egypt, Province of
(Province of the Roman Republic from 30 to 27 BC,
Province of the Roman Empire from 27 BC - AD 641)
|
Province
|
30 BC
|
AD 641
|
Egypt:
Ancient Egyptian:
Pronunciation: Kemet
Meaning: Black Land
|
Ezekiel
(son of Buzi)
|
Person
|
622 BC
|
570 BC
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤉𐤇𐤆𐤒𐤀𐤋
Pronunciation: Yekh-khez-kell
Meaning: Strength of God
|
| Hammurabi
|
Person
|
1810 BC
|
1750 BC
|
Akkadian: 𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉
Pronunciation: Ḫâmmurapi
|
Isaiah
(son of Amoz)
|
Person
|
770 BC
|
715 BC
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤉𐤔𐤏𐤉𐤄𐤅
Yasha-yahoo
Meaning: Yahweh is Salvation
|
Israel, Kingdom of
See: Kingdom of Israel between 1047 and 930 BC
See: Kingdom of Israel between 930 and 720 BC (a.k.a. Kingdom of Samaria)
(after the loss of the southern part due to the formation of the Kingdom of Judah)
|
Nation
|
1047 BC
|
720 BC
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋[3]
Pronunciation: Yasharaal[3]
|
Jacob of Nazareth
(a.k.a. James)
(brother of Jesus)
(son of Mary & Joseph)
|
Person
|
AD 1
|
AD 66
|
Jacob:
Aramaic: יעקוב
Transliteration: Yaw-aw-kove
Jacob of Nazareth:
Aramaic: יעקוב נצריא
Pronunciation: Yaw-aw-kove Nawsh-rie-ya
|
| Jericho
|
Village
|
After 2348 BC
(according to creation dating)
9000 BC
(according to mainstream science)
|
1400 BC
|
Ugaritic: 𐎊𐎗𐎃
Pronunciation: Yar-ree-kho
|
| Jerusalem
|
City
|
3000 BC
|
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤉𐤓𐤅𐤔𐤋𐤉𐤌
Transliteration: Yerushalayim
|
Jesus of Nazareth
Son of God and Mary
Earthly Father:
Joseph
|
Person
|
4 BC
|
AD 30
|
Jesus:
Aramaic: ישוע
Aramaic with vowels:
יֵשׁוּע
Transliteration: Yeshu
Meaning: Yahweh is Salvation
Jesus of Nazareth
Aramaic: ישוע נצריא
Aramaic with vowels:
יֵשׁוּע נָצרָיָא
Transliteration: Yeshu Nawsh-rie-ya
Jesus Christ / Jesus the Messiah
Aramaic: ישוע משיחא
Aramaic with vowels:
יֵשׁוּע משִׁיחָא
Transliteration: Yeshu Mesheekhaw
|
Joshua
(son of Nun)
|
Person
|
1355 BC
|
1245 BC
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤔𐤅𐤏[3]
Pronunciation: Yaw-oo-shaw-oo-eh
Meaning: Yahweh is Salvation
|
Judah, Kingdom of
(named after Judah, the son of Jacob and Leah)
|
Nation
|
930 BC
|
586 BC
|
Judah:
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤃𐤄
Pronunciation: Yuh-how-wuh-duh
|
Judah Maccabee
(son of Mattathias ben Johanan)
|
Person
|
190 BC
|
160 BC
|
Judah:
Hebrew: יהודה
Pronunciation: Yehudaw
Judah Maccabee:
Hebrew: יהודה המכבי
Pronunciation: Yehudaw Haw-maw-kub-bee
|
Jude, Province of
(province within Babylonia, former Kingdom of Judah)
|
Province
|
586 BC
|
539 BC
|
Jude:
Aramaic: יהוד
Pronunciation: Yehud
|
Jude, Province of
(province within Achaemenid Empire, former Kingdom of Judah)
|
Province
|
539 BC
|
332 BC
|
Jude:
Aramaic: יהוד
Pronunciation: Yehud
|
Jude, Province of
(province within Coele-Syria, former Kingdom of Judah)
|
Province
|
332 BC
|
64 BC
|
Jude:
Aramaic: יהוד
Pronunciation: Yehud
|
Jude, Province of
(province within Hasmonean dynasty, former Kingdom of Judah)
|
Province
|
64 BC
|
37 BC
|
Jude:
Aramaic: יהוד
Pronunciation: Yehud
|
Jude, Province of
(province within Herodian Kingdom, former Kingdom of Judah)
|
Province
|
37 BC
|
6 BC
|
Jude:
Aramaic: יהוד
Pronunciation: Yehud
|
Jude, Province of
(province within the Roman Empire, former Kingdom of Judah)
|
Province
|
6 BC
|
AD 135
|
Jude:
Aramaic: יהוד
Pronunciation: Yehud
|
Jude of Galilee
(apostle of Jesus)
|
Person
|
AD 1
|
AD 65
|
Jude:
Aramaic: יהוד
Pronunciation: Yehud
|
Jude of Kerioth
(a.k.a. Judas)
(an apostle of Jesus who later betrayed him)
|
Person
|
3 BC
|
AD 33
|
Jude:
Aramaic: יהוד
Pronunciation: Yehud
|
Lucifer
(Lucifer means the planet Venus, and is not another name for Satan. See main article for more information. It's used in Isaiah 14:12 a metaphor to refer to King Nebuchadnezzar II.)
|
Planet
|
4004 BC
(according to creation dating)
4,500,000,000 BC
(according to mainstream science)
|
|
Akkadian: Ishtar
(Ishtar is the actual name that King Nebuchadnezzar II would have known the Planet Venus by)
(See here for various Akkadian script spellings of Ishtar)
|
Luke
(Luke the Evangelist)
|
Person
|
AD 1
|
AD 84
|
Aramaic: לוקא
Pronunciation: Luka
|
Mary of Nazareth
(daughter of Joachim & Anne)
(Mother of Jesus)
|
Person
|
25 BC
|
AD 75
|
Aramaic: מרים
Pronunciation: Maryam
Aramaic: מרים נצריא
Transliteration: Maryam Nawsh-rie-ya
|
Mary of Magdala
(friend of Jesus)
|
Person
|
AD 3
|
AD 63
|
Aramaic: מרים
Pronunciation: Maryám
|
Moses
(son of Amram & Jochebed)
|
Person
|
1391 BC
|
1271 BC
|
Ancient Egyptian: [4]
Pronunciation: Mo-seh[5]
Meaning: Is Born[5]
|
Nazareth
(This is the village that Jesus grew up in. Although Bethlehem is the biblical birthplace of Jesus, some scholars believe that Jesus was born in Nazareth.)
|
Village
|
2200 BC
|
|
Aramaic: נצרת
Pronunciation: Naw-saw-reth
|
Nebuchadnezzar II
(son of Nabopolassar)
(King of Babylonia)
|
Person
|
642 BC
|
562 BC
|
Akkadian: 
Pronunciation: Nabû-kudurri-uṣur
Meaning: Nabu protect my boundary/heir
|
Nefertari Meritmut
(wife of Pharaoh Ramesses II)
|
Person
|
1301 BC
|
1255 BC
|
Ancient Egyptian:
Pronunciation: Nefertari
Ancient Egyptian:
Pronunciation: Nefertari Meritmut
|
| Paul of Tarsus
|
Person
|
AD 5
|
AD 65
|
Paul:
Greek: Παύλος
Pronunciation: Pávlos
Paul of Tarsus:
Greek: Ο Παύλος του Ταρσού
Pronunciation: O Pávlos tou Tarsoú
|
Pilate, Pontius
(Pontius Pilate was the governor of the Roman province of Judaea. He gave the order to crucify Jesus.)
|
Person
|
20 BC
|
AD 36
|
Latin: PONTIVS PILATVS (Pontius Pilatus)
Pronunciation: Pone-tee-oos Pee-law-toos
|
Quirinius, Publius Sulpicius
Publius Quirinius was governor of the Roman province of Syria. He created the Roman province of Judaea, and conducted the Census of Quirinius in AD 6.
The census was the reason that Joseph and Mary came to Bethlehem, Judaea for Jesus's birth. This contradicts Jesus being born during the time of King Herod I who died in 4 BC.
|
Person
|
51 BC
|
AD 21
|
Latin: PVBLIVS SVLPICIVS QVIRINIVS (Publius Sulpicius Quirinius)
Pronunciation: Poob-blee-oos Sul-pee-kee-oos Kweer-reen-nee-oos
|
Ramesses I
(son of Seti)
Pharaoh of Egypt
|
Person
|
1345 BC
|
1294 BC
|
Ancient Egyptian:
Pronunciation: Ra-mes-su
|
Ramesses II
(son of Menmaatre Seti I & Tuya)
Pharaoh of Egypt
|
Person
|
1303 BC
|
1213 BC
|
Ancient Egyptian:
Pronunciation: Ra-mes-su
|
Roman Empire
See: The Roman Empire between 27 BC and AD 395
See: The western part of the Roman Empire between AD 395 and 476
See: The eastern part of the Roman Empire between AD 395 and 476
See: The Roman Empire between AD 476 and 1453
(after the loss of the western part)
|
Nation
|
27 BC
|
AD 1453
|
Roman Empire:
Latin: IMPERIVM ROMANVM (Imperium Romanum)
Pronunciation: Eem-pair-ee-oom Ro-muh-noom
Rome (short name):
Latin: ROMA (Roma)
Pronunciation: Roma
|
| Roman Kingdom
|
Nation
|
753 BC
|
509 BC
|
Roman Kingdom:
Latin: REGNVM ROMANVM (Regnum Romanum)
Pronunciation: Rayg-noom Ro-muh-noom
Rome (short name):
Latin: ROMA (Roma)
Pronunciation: Roma
|
| Roman Republic
|
Nation
|
509 BC
|
27 BC
|
Roman Republic:
Latin: RES PVBLICA ROMANA (Res Publica Romana)
Pronunciation: Res poob-lee-ka Ro-muh-na
Rome (short name):
Latin: ROMA (Roma)
Pronunciation: Roma
|
Samson
(son of Manoah)
|
Person
|
1154 BC
|
1124 BC
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤔𐤌𐤔𐤅𐤍
Pronunciation: Shaw-ma-shie-yun
|
Samuel
(Son of Elkanah & Hannah)
|
Person
|
1070
|
1012
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤔𐤌𐤅𐤀𐤋
Shaw-maw-yaw-ul
|
Seti
(father of Pharaoh Ramesses I)
|
Person
|
|
|
Ancient Egyptian: [6]
Pronunciation: Sethi}}
|
Simon of Cana
Apostle of Jesus
|
Person
|
|
AD 65
|
Simon:
Aramaic: שמעון
Pronunciation: Sheem-own
|
Simon Ben Jonah
a.k.a. Peter
Apostle of Jesus
|
Person
|
AD 1
|
AD 66
|
Simon:
Aramaic: שמעון
Pronunciation: Sheem-own
Simon Ben Jonah:
Aramaic:
שמעון בר יונה
Pronunciation: Sheem-own Ball Yonaw
Peter:
Aramaic: כיפא
Aramaic with vowels: כֵּיפָא
Pronunciation: Keifa
Meaning: Rock/Stone
|
| Sinai Peninsula
|
Region
|
|
|
Ancient Egyptian:
Pronunciation: Biau
Meaning: The Mining Country
Ancient Egyptian:
Pronunciation: Khetiu Mafkat}}
Meaning: The Ladders of Turquoise
|
Sinim
(biblical name of Qin, a state of Zhou)
|
State
|
897 BC
|
207 BC
|
Old Chinese (Bronze inscriptions): 
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]i[n]/
(Zhengzhang): /*zin/
|
Solomon
(son of David and Bathsheba)
|
Person
|
990 BC
|
931 BC
|
Paleo-Hebrew: 𐤔𐤋𐤌𐤄[3]
Pronunciation: Shalamah[3]
Meaning: Peace
|
| Sumer
|
Nation
|
After 2348 BC
(according to creation dating)
5500 BC
(according to mainstream science)
|
1800 BC
|
Akkadian: 𒋗𒈨𒊒
Pronunciation: Shoo-mer-roo
|
| Timothy of Ephesus
|
|
AD 30
|
AD 97
|
Greek: Τιμόθεος
Pronunciation: Tee-moe-thay-ose
|
| Ur (of the Chaldees)
|
City
|
After 2348 BC
(according to creation dating)
3800 BC
(according to mainstream science)
|
After 500 BC
|
Akkadian: 𒋀𒀕𒆠
Pronunciation: urim₂ki /Urim/, “Ur”}}
|
