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Between Heaven and Hell
Between Heaven and Hell
	Theatrical release lobby card
Directed by	Richard Fleischer
Screenplay by	Harry Brown
Based on	The Day the Century Ended; 1955 novel; by Francis Gwaltney
Produced by	David Weisbart
Starring	Robert Wagner; Terry Moore; Broderick Crawford
Cinematography	Leo Tover
Edited by	James B. Clark
Music by	Hugo Friedhofer
Color process	Color by DeLuxe
Production; company	20th Century Fox
Distributed by	20th Century Fox
Release date	October 11, 1956 (New York City);
Running time	94 minutes
Country	United States
Languages	English; Japanese
Budget	$1,520,000
Box office	$2 million (US rentals)

Between Heaven and Hell is a 1956 American Cinemascope war film based on the novel The Day the Century Ended^[3] by Francis Gwaltney that the film follows closely. The story is told in flashback format detailing the life of Sam Gifford (Robert Wagner) from his life as a Southern landowner to his war service in the Philippines during World War II.

The film stars Robert Wagner, Terry Moore, and Broderick Crawford, and was directed by Richard Fleischer. It was partly filmed on Kaua'i. The film's score by Hugo Friedhofer, which included elements of the Dies Irae, was nominated for an Oscar for Best Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture.^[4]

Plot

In 1945, on a Pacific island, Sergeant Sam Gifford (Wagner) is demoted to private after striking an officer. He is transferred to a punishment company, run by the dictatorial Captain Grimes, who insists on being called "Waco" in order to prevent his own death by Japanese snipers. Through flashbacks, we learn Gifford's backstory—his civilian status as a wealthy cotton farmer, hard and uncaring towards his employees, and married to the beautiful daughter of his National Guard commander, a well-to-do plantation owner. After their reserve unit is sent to the Pacific, Gifford becomes close to several of his own sharecroppers—people he never socialized with at home. As a sergeant, Gifford capably leads his platoon, earning a medal for valor. Occasionally, however, Gifford outwardly exhibits signs of fear, battle fatigue, and neurosis. These weaknesses intensify when his father-in-law is killed by a sniper. Another officer, disdainful of his men both as sharecroppers and as soldiers, machine guns Gifford's friends out of cowardice and panic. Gifford attempts to beat him to death with the butt of his rifle. The flashback ends when Waco calls Gifford into company headquarters.

Waco orders Gifford to lead a patrol to San Carlos, a town rumored to be Japanese headquarters. The patrol, however, finds the town abandoned. Gifford takes a name plate from the front door of San Carlos's church as proof they were there. On the way back, the patrol spots a Japanese mortar platoon heading toward the hills near Waco's headquarters. Upon returning, Waco accuses Gifford of loafing and not reaching the town. In reply, Gifford throws the church's name plate on Waco's desk. Then a Japanese mortar barrage commences. Afterwards, Gifford is assigned to outpost duty with a lieutenant nicknamed Little Joe (Brad Dexter). There, he forms a friendship with another ex-sharecropper, Willie Crawford (Buddy Ebsen). Gifford admits being hard on those not of his social class. But in making friends with others in his unit, he promises to change. After an attack, the outpost loses radio contact, and Gifford is detailed to company HQ for fresh batteries. He arrives to find Waco is been relieved of command. Before leaving, Waco commends Gifford for the San Carlos patrol. Wanting to show that he is still an officer, Waco dons his formal Class A uniform including rank insignia. But when he instructs his soldiers to salute him, he is killed by a Japanese sniper.

Gifford returns to the outpost. Later, there is an attack which results in Little Joe's death. Gifford and Crawford are now sole survivors. Crawford, wounded in the leg, orders Gifford back to HQ in order to warn the Company of an impending massive Japanese buildup. At first, Gifford refuses to leave Crawford behind, but Crawford insists. He then aims a pistol at Gifford. Thus, Gifford fights his way through Japanese lines but is wounded along the way. Upon reaching the company, he finds most of the battalion has launched a new offensive. Gifford warns them about the Japanese units massing in the hills and demands they rescue Crawford. Gifford then collapses. After regaining consciousness, he sees a patrol arriving with Crawford on a stretcher. The two wounded comrades are told they are being shipped home. Gifford promises Crawford a new life with his family back home and a job at Gifford's company.

Cast

Robert Wagner as Private Sam Gifford
Terry Moore as Jenny Gifford
Broderick Crawford as Captain "Waco" Grimes
Buddy Ebsen as Corporal Willie Crawford
Robert Keith as Colonel Cousins
Brad Dexter as Lieutenant Joe 'Little Joe' Johnson
Mark Damon as Private Terry
Ken Clark as Morgan
Harvey Lembeck as Private Bernie Meleski
Skip Homeier as Corporal Swanson
L. Q. Jones as Private Kenny
Tod Andrews as Lieutenant Ray Mosby
Biff Elliot as Lieutenant Tom Thumb
Bart Burns as Private Raker
Frank Gorshin as Private Millard (uncredited)
Scatman Crothers as George (uncredited)
Sam Edwards as Soames (uncredited)
Carl Switzer as Savage (uncredited)

Production

Arkansas-born Francis Irby Gwaltney soldiered in the Philippines with the 112th Cavalry that served throughout the Pacific doing several amphibious landings.^[5] During this service he met and formed a friendship with Norman Mailer.^[6]

The Day the Century Ended was Gwaltney's most famous novel. When Fox picked the 1955 novel up for filming, they assigned it to Philippines veteran Rod Serling, famed for his American television plays. Unfortunately, Serling's first screenplay was nine hours long, and the project was given to other writers,^[7] notably Harry Brown, who had written the book A Walk in the Sun.

Between Heaven and Hell is one of the 1950s depictions of the US Army that did not paint a recruiting poster image and was more in tune with many soldiers' memories, such as From Here to Eternity, Robert Aldrich's Attack or Samuel Fuller's films.

Fleischer uses the Cinemascope widescreen format well, notably in views of hills lit up by a firefight.

Reception

Critical response

When the film was first released, The New York Times panned the film, writing, "To be just as blunt about it as Twentieth Century-Fox, Between Heaven and Hell, a World War II drama, lands accordingly, with a pretty dull thud. This curiously rambling, unconvincing and often baffling picture, opening yesterday at Loew's State, very sketchily suggests the regeneration of a hard-headed young G. I. on a Japanese island in the Pacific...Except for the sideline skirmishes with the Japanese, and one fine, big beachhead battle staged by director Richard Fleischer, the action focuses on the outpost, where a brutal, slightly demented company commander, Mr. Crawford, reigns supreme. Mr. Wagner not only manages to survive some snarling comrades, most of whom are wiped out, but also the enemy in a series of lagging, disjointed clashes, verbal and physical, that shed little light on anything or anybody."^[8]

References

^ Aubrey Solomon, Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History, Scarecrow Press, 1989 p250
^ Aubrey Solomon, Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History, Scarecrow Press, 1989 p226
^ Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture web site. Last accessed: February 14, 2011.
^ Between Heaven and Hell at IMDb
^ Texas Military Forces Museum web site. Last accessed: February 14, 2011.
^ Life magazine at Google Books. Last accessed: February 14, 2011.
^ Gamma Magazine, first edition, 1963. Last accessed: February 14, 2011.
^ The New York Times, film review, October 12, 1956. Last accessed: February 14, 2011.