Benito Arias Montano
Portrait of Benito Arias Montano, by Rubens
Born	Benedictus Arias Montanus 1527 Fregenal de la Sierra, Extremadura, Spain
Died	1598 (71 years) Seville, Spain
Resting place	Iglesia del Priorato de Santiago de la Espada, Seville
Nationality	Spanish
Education	Universities of Seville and Alcalá
Known for	Scholar, writer
Movement	Orientalist

Benito Arias Montano (or Benedictus Arias Montanus; 1527–1598) was a Spanish orientalist and polymath who was active mostly in Spain. He was also editor of the Antwerp Polyglot. He reached the high rank of Royal Chaplain to King Philip II of Spain. His work was censured by the Spanish Inquisition when rabbinical references were included into his Antwerp Polyglot Bible.

He was born at Fregenal de la Sierra, in Extremadura, and died at Seville. After studying at the universities of Seville and Alcalá, he took orders about the year 1559. He became a clerical member of the Military Order of St. James, and accompanied the Bishop of Segovia to the Council of Trent (1562) where he won great distinction.^[1]

On his return, he retired to a hermitage at Aracena whence he was summoned by King Philip II of Spain (1568) to supervise a new polyglot edition of the Bible, with the collaboration of many learned men. The work was issued from the Plantin Press (1572, 8 volumes) under the title Biblia sacra hebraice chaldaice, graece et latine, Philippi II regis catholici pietate et studio ad sacrosanctae Ecclesiae usum, several volumes being devoted to a scholarly apparatus biblicus. Arias was responsible for a large part of the actual matter, besides the general superintendence, and in obedience to the command of the king took the work to Rome for the approbation of Pope Gregory XIII.^[1]

León de Castro, professor of Semitic languages at Salamanca, to whose translation of the Vulgate Arias had opposed the original Hebrew text, denounced Arias to the Roman, and later to the Spanish Inquisition for having altered the Biblical text, making too liberal use of the rabbinical writings,^[2] in disregard of the decree of the Council of Trent concerning the authenticity of the Vulgate, and confirming the Jews in their beliefs by his Chaldaic paraphrases. After several journeys to Rome Arias was freed of the charges (1580) and returned to his hermitage, refusing the episcopal honours offered him by the king. He accepted, however, the post of a royal chaplain, but was only induced to leave his retirement for the purpose of superintending the Escorial library and of teaching Semitic languages.^[2]

He designed a world map which was included into his Antwerp Polyglot Bible which included texts in Greek, Latin and Hebrew. The map was influential in the history of Cartography as one of the first maps to include Tierra del Fuego as an island on South America.^[2]

Montano led the life of an ascetic, dividing his time between prayer and study. In addition to the works written in connection with the polyglot, the most celebrated of which is Antiquitatum judaicarum libri IX (Leyden, 1593), Arias left many commentaries on various books of the Bible; also: Humanae salutis monumenta (Antwerp, 1571); a Latin translation of the Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, and other works on widely varying subjects. He was also celebrated as a poet, his verses being chiefly of a religious nature.^[1]

• History of theology
• Orientalism

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Benedictus Arias Montanus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
• Rekers, B., Benito Arias Montano (1527–1598). Studies of the Warburg Institute, 33. London: Warburg Institute, University of London, 1972.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Arias Montano, Benito".

Media related to Benito Arias Montano at Wikimedia Commons

• Arias Montano Bible 1571
• Jewish Encyclopedia article
• Benito Arias Montano. Polymath Virtual Library, Fundación Ignacio Larramendi
• Bibliography on Benito Arias Montano