The method introduces a quantity referred to as the "virtual waiting time" to define the remaining workload in the queue at any time. This process is a step function which jumps upward with new arrivals to the system and otherwise is linear with negative gradient.[4] By giving a relation for the distribution of unfinished work in terms of the excess work, the difference between arrivals and potential service capacity, it turns a time-dependent virtual waiting time problem into "an integral that, in principle, can be solved."[5]
^Norros, I. (2000). "Queueing Behavior Under Fractional Brownian Traffic". Self-Similar Network Traffic and Performance Evaluation. pp. 101–114. doi:10.1002/047120644X.ch4. ISBN0471319740.
^Beneš, V. E. (1963). General Stochastic Processes in the Theory of Queues. Addison Wesley.