Beauty mark

For other uses, see Beauty mark (disambiguation).
Supermodel Cindy Crawford is known for her beauty mark.

A beauty mark or beauty spot is a euphemism for a type of dark facial mark so named because such birthmarks are sometimes considered an attractive feature.[1] Medically, such "beauty marks" are generally melanocytic nevus, more specifically the compound variant. Moles of this type may also be located elsewhere on the body, and may also be considered beauty marks if located on the face, shoulder, neck or breast. Artificial beauty marks have been fashionable in some periods.

Artificial beauty marks

painting described in caption; the black woman is on the left
Dual portrait of a black woman and a white woman, identities unknown, circa 1650, by an anonymous hand. The two women, who appear to be of equal standing, are wearing face patches, which were a fashion of the time. The painting is captioned "I black with white bespott y white with blacke this evil proceeds from thy proud hart then take her: Devill."[2]

History

The wearing of artificial beauty marks trace back to the Roman Empire; it was believed that the Goddess of beauty, Venus, had a single beauty mark that accentuated her beauty.[3] As such, beauty patches became a recognizable symbol of beauty designed to highlight the pale, unblemished skin of the wearer.[4] In Europe, mouches (French, 'flies'), became fashionable in sixteenth-century France, and the fashion persisted into the eighteenth century. When the fashion spread to Spain and the Spanish Empire they were called a chiqueador.[5]

A chiqueador on a lady's temple, detail of "Retrato de María Rosa de Rivera" by Pedro José Diaz, Lima, Peru, 1785
An example of a patch box from the early eighteenth-century, made of silver.

A mouche was generally made of paper, silk or velvet and was applied to the face as a form of make-up. They were kept in a patch box, or boîte à mouches ('box of flies'), and were often fanciful shapes such as hearts or stars. Patch boxes were often ornate, silver boxes, and formed an essential part of a woman's boudoir. Fashion prints from the late seventeenth century show women with an increasing number of beauty marks in a variety of sizes and shapes, placed on the cheeks, chins, and forehead.

Besides their decorative value, the patches could hide smallpox scars or syphilis sores, as well as acne.[5] In 1668, the English diarist Samuel Pepys recorded attending the theatre and witnessing Barbara Villiers, one of the King's mistresses "called to one of her women… for a little patch off her face, and put it into her mouth and wetted it, and so clapped it upon her own by the side of her mouth, I suppose she feeling a pimple rising there."[6] Contemporary satire or beauty manuals like R. Smith's A Wonder of Wonders: or, a Metamorphosis of fair Faces voluntarily transformed into foul Visages attested the wearing of patches could "turn botches into beauty."[3]

By the eighteenth-century, the wearing of patches also adopted social and political meaning. The placement or shape of a patch could reveal information about then wearer's relationship status, sexual availability, or political affiliations.

Alexander Pope's 1712 poem The Rape of the Lock mentions such patches as indicators of "secular love":[7]

Here Files of Pins extend their shining Rows,

Puffs, Powders, Patches, Bibles, Billet-doux.

Now awful Beauty puts on all its Arms;

The Fair each moment rises in her Charms,

Repairs her Smiles, awakens ev'ry Grace,

And calls forth all the Wonders of her Face;

Criticism of the beauty patch

Moral commentators in the early modern period increasingly expressed concern about the wearing of beauty patches, and linked it to sexual immorality and prostitution. The British diarist and intellectual John Evelyn referred to the wearing of patches, and make-up more general, as a "most ignominious thing."[8] Other commentators saw the wearing of a black patch as a physical symbol of the wearers black morals, or soul, commonly attributing the wearing of patches to signs of the wearer's vanity.[9] However, despite moral outcry, patches continued to be worn by men and women of diverse social ranks.

Contemporary beauty patches

Natural beauty marks are also often enhanced with color from an eyebrow pencil or pen.[10]

Celebrities with beauty marks

Many female sex symbols, actresses, and other celebrities are known for their beauty marks:[10][11][12]

A Monroe piercing is a lip piercing placed off-center, above the upper lip, meant to resemble Marilyn Monroe's beauty mark.

Male actors known for their beauty marks include:[10]

In fiction

Joan Crawford had a prominent beauty mark in her role as Sadie Thompson in Rain.

Alicia Silverstone had a beauty mark on the left side of her mouth when portraying Batgirl in Batman and Robin.

In the Kiff episode "Two Truths and a Bunny", Kennedy the lemur is confident that no one could top her in a game where one player must tell two facts and a fib, and the other participants must spot the fib. But Barry the rabbit, with some pointers from his sister, bests Kennedy in the game after Kennedy gives three statements which Barry finds out are all fibs. Barry then removes Kennedy's beauty mark which is actually a raisin.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ariel, Irving M. (1981). A Historical Introduction: Is the beauty mark a mark of beauty or a potentially dangerous cancer? Malignant Melanoma, Appleton-Century-Crofts, ISBN 978-0-8385-6114-0
  2. ^ Capon, Alex (28 June 2021). "Pick of the week: £220,000 for enigmatic faces of the Interregnum". Antiques Trade Gazette. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  3. ^ a b Hearn, Karen (2015). "Revising the Visage: Patches and Beauty Spots in Seventeenth-Century British and Dutch Painted Portraits" (PDF). Huntington Library Quarterly. 78: 809–823 – via JSTOR.
  4. ^ Ribeiro, Aileen (2011). Facing beauty: painted women & cosmetic art. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12486-6.
  5. ^ a b "Beauty Marks Go Global", ARTicle, blog of the Art Institute of Chicago, January 14, 2015 Archived August 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Tuesday 5 May 1668". The Diary of Samuel Pepys. 2011-05-05. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  7. ^ "Pope: Rape of the Lock". University of St Andrews. 16 March 1999. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  8. ^ Evelyn, John (2013-02-12). Bray, William (ed.). The Diary of John Evelyn (Volume 2 of 2).
  9. ^ Reichardt, Dosia. ""Their faces are not their own": Powders, patches and paint in seventeenth-century poetry". Dalhousie Review. 84 (2): 201.
  10. ^ a b c Barbara Cloud, "Marks of Distinction", Chicago Tribune, April 25, 1990.
  11. ^ Schulte-Hillen, Sophie (August 14, 2017). "The 9 Greatest Beauty Marks of All Time, from Cindy Crawford to Madonna". Vogue.
  12. ^ White, Jackie (April 30, 1995). Behind the glamour lurks an ugly, dirty business. Kansas City Star
  13. ^ "Two Truths and a Bunny". Kiff. Season 1. Episode 12. July 2023. Disney Channel.
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