Barbute

Italian barbuta, c. 1460, of the T-shaped form, the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Italian barbuta, of the Y-shaped form with nasal - 1470–80, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Italian barbuta, 1470–80, of the more open-faced form with an arched opening, the Metropolitan Museum of Art

A barbute (also termed a barbuta, which in Italian literally means "bearded", possibly because the beard of a wearer would be visible)[1] is a visorless war helmet of 15th-century Italian design, often with a distinctive T-shaped or Y-shaped opening for the eyes and mouth.

Origins

The name 'barbuta', when applied to a helmet, is first recorded in an inventory made for the Gonzaga family of Mantua in 1407. The helmet can be considered as a specialised form of the sallet, both types of helmet being ultimately derivations of the earlier bascinet. The barbute resembles classical Greek helmets (most strikingly the Corinthian) and may have been influenced by the renewed interest in ancient artefacts common during this period.[2][3]

Characteristics

This type of helmet has been described as an example of formal beauty being the result of functional efficiency.[4] The defining characteristic of the barbute is the forward extension of the sides of the helmet towards the mid-line; this gives protection to the sides of the user's face below the eyes. Regardless of the form of the combined vision and breath opening, T-shaped, Y-shaped or arch-shaped, this characteristic is always present. The edge of the T-shaped opening is almost always reinforced by a riveted-on iron rim, usually extending to the lower edge of the helmet.[4] The Y-shaped form often incorporates a distinct projection to guard the nose, which otherwise would protrude from the combined ventilation and vision opening. At least one example exists incorporating an extremely elongated nasal, which is hinged. The barbute could be worn with a plate gorget.[5][page needed] However, the barbute was often worn with a stiffened mail collar, termed a "standard", which protected the throat and neck. Some examples of the barbute, as in a number of Italian sallets, were covered in a rich decorative fabric, typically heavy velvet. A number of surviving barbutes incorporate a keyhole-shaped hole at the apex of the skull for the attachment of a decorative crest. A contemporary painting commissioned by Federigo da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino, shows a barbuta surmounted by a crest in the shape of a heraldic eagle.[6]

Unlike the sallet, the barbute seems to have enjoyed little popularity outside Italy.[7]

Barbutes were most commonly raised from a single sheet of metal; however, modern metallurgy has shown that many Italian Renaissance helmets were essentially of iron faced with steel, which was annealed and quenched to give it the desired characteristics of a hard outer surface, with a ductile inner layer which prevented shattering.[8] Many barbutes feature a low front-to-back ridge, raised from the top of the helmet's skull, as can be seen on all the examples shown.

References

  1. ^ Grancsay 1963, p. 186.
  2. ^ Oakeshott 1980, pp. 109–110.
  3. ^ Grancsay 1963, p. 187.
  4. ^ a b Pyhrr 1989, p. 92.
  5. ^ Boccia 1966.
  6. ^ Grancsay 1963, p. 184.
  7. ^ Oakeshott 1980, p. 111
  8. ^ Grancsay 1963, pp. 189–190.

Bibliography

  • Boccia, Leonello (1966). Armi Italiane. Bologna: Zanichelli.
  • Grancsay, Stephen V. (January 1963). "Sculpture in Steel: A Milanese Renaissance Barbute". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. New Series. 21 (5): 182–191. doi:10.2307/3257953. JSTOR 3257953.
  • Oakeshott, Ewart (1980). European Weapons and Armour: From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution. Lutterworth Press. ISBN 9780718821265. OCLC 7284129.
  • Pyhrr, Stuart W. (1989). "European Armor from the Imperial Ottoman Arsenal". Metropolitan Museum Journal. 24. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The Metropolitan Museum of Art: 85–116. doi:10.2307/1512872. JSTOR 1512872.
  • Media related to Barbute at Wikimedia Commons

Read other articles:

River Tamar

River in southwest England This article is about the river in England. For the river in Tasmania, Australia, see Tamar River. River TamarThe Tamar near BohetherickMap of the Tamar catchmentNative nameDowr Tamar (Cornish)LocationCountryEnglandRegionCornwall, DevonPhysical characteristicsSourceWoolley Moor, Morwenstow parish • location50°55′25″N 4°27′44″W / 50.9235°N 4.4622°W / 50.9235; -4.4622, Cornwall[1][2] &#...

 

 

Mandeep Singh

Indian cricketer Not to be confused with Mandeep Singh (cricketer, born 1999). For the Indian field hockey player, see Mandeep Singh (field hockey). Mandeep SinghMandeep during the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare TrophyPersonal informationBorn (1991-12-18) 18 December 1991 (age 32)[1]Jalandhar, Punjab, IndiaNicknameMandy[2]BattingRight-handedBowlingRight-arm mediumRoleAll-rounderInternational information National sideIndiaT20I debut (cap 62)18 June 2016 v Zimbab...

 

 

Turbulator

Device on an aircraft surface to induce turbulence Grob G 102 Astir prototype with turbulator tape under the wing A turbulator is a device that turns a laminar boundary layer into a turbulent boundary layer. Device Turbulent flow can be desired on parts of the surface of an aircraft wing (airfoil) or in industrial applications such as heat exchangers and the mixing of fluids. The term “turbulator” is applied to a variety of applications and is used as a derivative of the word turbulent. H...

Ivan Sokolov (chess player)

Dutch-Bosnian chess grandmaster and writer (born 1968) Ivan SokolovIvan Sokolov at the 2004 Essent Tournament in HoogeveenCountryYugoslavia (until 1992)Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993–2002; 2009–2010)Netherlands (2002–2009; since 2010)Born (1968-06-13) June 13, 1968 (age 55)Jajce, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, YugoslaviaTitleGrandmaster (1987)FIDE rating2588 (April 2024)Peak rating2706 (January 2004)Peak rankingNo. 13 (July 1996) Ivan Sokolov (Cyrillic: Иван Сокол...

 

 

جواز سفر ميكرونيسيا

جواز سفر كوري ميكرونيسيامعلومات عامةنوع المستند جواز سفرالبلد ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدةالغرض التعريف (هوية شخصية)صادر عن  ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدةمتطلبات الاستحقاق جنسية ميكرونيسياتعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات جوازات سفر ميكرونيسيا هي وثيقة سفر تصدر من قب�...

 

 

Cressi-Sub

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Cressi-Sub – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Italian manufacturer of recreational diving and swimming equipment. Cressi Sub SpACompany typePrivateFounded1946FounderEgidio Cressi and Na...

Tetrapodomorpha

TetrapodomorphaTemporal range: Early Devonian–Present, 409–0 Ma[1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Life restoration of Megalichthys hibberti Modern tetrapods Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Sarcopterygii Clade: Rhipidistia Clade: TetrapodomorphaAhlberg, 1991 Subgroups †Kenichthys †Tungsenia Choanata[2] †Rhizodontida †Osteolepidida †Tristichopteridae Elpistostegalia Stegocephali Tetrapoda See also bel...

 

 

Archéogéographie

Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. Le ton de cet article est trop promotionnel ou publicitaire (juin 2020). Vous êtes invité à améliorer l'article de manière à adopter un ton neutre (aide quant au style) ou discutez-en. Vous pouvez également préciser les sections non neutres en utilisant {{section promotionnelle}} et de souligner les passages problématiques avec {{passage promotionnel}}. ArchéogéographiePaysage archéologique à pétrog...

 

 

西遊記大結局之仙履奇緣

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修，以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2013年8月6日)請按照校對指引，幫助编辑這個條目。（幫助、討論） 此條目剧情、虛構用語或人物介紹过长过细，需清理无关故事主轴的细节、用語和角色介紹。 (2020年10月6日)劇情、用語和人物介紹都只是用於了解故事主軸，輔助�...

Washington State Route 290

Highway in Washington State Route 290Hamilton Street, Trent AvenueRoute informationMaintained by WSDOTLength18.33 mi[1] (29.50 km)Existed1964[2]–presentMajor junctionsWest end I-90 in SpokaneMajor intersections SR 27 in Spokane ValleyEast end SH-53 at Idaho state border LocationCountryUnited StatesStateWashingtonCountiesSpokane Highway system State highways in Washington Interstate US State Scenic Pre-1964 1964 renumbering Former ← SR 285...

 

 

Satyawati

Satyawatiसत्यवतीIlustrasi Satyawati (Matsyagandi) dan Raja Santanu, oleh Raja Ravi Varma.Tokoh MahabharataNamaSatyawatiEjaan Dewanagariसत्यवतीEjaan IASTSatyavatīNama lainDurgandini, Gandawati, Matsyagandi, Yojanagandi, Kali, Basawi, Daseyi, Gandakali, KasturigandiKitab referensiMahabharata (Adiparwa), Hariwangsa, BhagawatapuranaAsalsungai YamunaKediamanHastinapuraProfesitukang perahu, nelayanAyahBasu (kandung)Dasabala/Dasaraja (angkat)SuamiSantanuAnak dari Parasar...

 

 

Joy Hruby

Australian actress and television presenter Joy HrubyBornJoy Elaine Cox(1927-07-01)1 July 1927Taree, New South Wales, AustraliaDied21 February 2017(2017-02-21) (aged 89)Sydney, AustraliaEducationWhitehall Academy of Dramatic Art, J.C. WilliamsonOccupationsActresscomedianTV presenterproducerfilm-makerauthoragentNotable workJoy's WorldDubbo Dazzlers (book)FamilyAnna Hruby (daughter) Joy Elaine Hruby OAM (1 July 1927 – 21 February 2017) was an Australian actress and entertainer, comedian,...

Caleb Ewan

Australian road and track bicycle racer Caleb EwanEwan at the 2018 Tour of BritainPersonal informationFull nameCaleb EwanNicknameThe Pocket RocketBorn (1994-07-11) 11 July 1994 (age 29)Sydney, AustraliaHeight1.67 m (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in)[1]Weight69 kg (152 lb; 10 st 12 lb)[1]Team informationCurrent teamTeam Jayco–AlUlaDisciplinesRoadTrackRoleRiderRider typeSprinterAmateur teams2013–2014Jayco–AIS World Tour Academy2014...

 

 

The Isley Brothers

American musical group The Isley BrothersThe Isley Brothers in 1969. From left to right: Rudolph, Ronald and O'Kelly IsleyBackground informationAlso known asThe Isley Brothers featuring Ronald Isley AKA Mr. BiggsThe IsleysOriginCincinnati, Ohio, U.S.Genres Soul funk R&B rock DiscographyThe Isley Brothers discographyYears active1954–presentLabelsWandMotownT-NeckRCA VictorWarner Bros.Def SoulMembers Ronald Isley Ernie Isley Past members Rudolph Isley O'Kelly Isley Jr. Vernon Isley Marvin ...

 

 

Days Gone

Days Gone Обложка игры с изображением главного героя Разработчик Bend Studio Издатель Sony Interactive Entertainment Локализатор «СофтКлаб»[1] Дата анонса 13 июня 2016 Даты выпуска PlayStation 4 26 апреля 2019 Windows 18 мая 2021 Лицензия проприетарная Последняя версия 1.80(4 октября 2021[2]) Жанр action-adventure Соз�...

Porta Nuova (medievale, Milano)

Archi di Porta Nuovamura medievali di MilanoGli archi di Porta Nuova a MilanoUbicazioneStato Italia CittàMilano IndirizzoPiazza Cavour Coordinate45°28′19.57″N 9°11′41.74″E45°28′19.57″N, 9°11′41.74″E Informazioni generaliStilemedievale Inizio costruzioneXII secolo VisitabileSì Informazioni militariUtilizzatore Signoria di Milano Ducato di Milano Funzione strategicadifesa della città di Milano voci di architetture militari presenti su Wikipedia Modifica dati su Wikid...

 

 

Kekacip kuning

Kekacip kuning Assessor flavissimus Assessor flavissimus, characteristically feeding invertedStatus konservasiRisiko rendahIUCN170278276 TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasActinopteriOrdoPerciformesFamiliPlesiopidaeGenusAssessorSpesiesAssessor flavissimus Allen dan Kuiter, 1976 Assessor flavissimus, kekacip kuning adalah ikan dari Pasifik Tengah bagian barat, tercatat dari Great Barrier Reef dan Papua Nugini.[2] Kadang-kadang ia masuk ke dalam perdagangan akuarium. Tumbuh hing...

 

 

Larrabee-Deyo Motor Truck Company

Larrabee-Deyo Motor Truck Company Rechtsform Company Gründung 1916 Auflösung 1932 Sitz Binghamton, New York, USA Branche Kraftfahrzeuge Larrabee-Deyo Motor Truck Company war ein US-amerikanischer Hersteller von Kraftfahrzeugen.[1][2] Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Unternehmensgeschichte 2 Fahrzeuge 3 Literatur 4 Weblinks 5 Einzelnachweise Unternehmensgeschichte Das Unternehmen wurde 1916 in Binghamton im US-Staat New York gegründet. Es stellte zwischen 1916 und 1932 Nutzfahrzeuge de...

馬英九

馬 英九 総統として公開された公式写真（2008年） 中華民国 第6代 総統 任期 2008年5月20日 – 2016年5月20日 副総統 蕭万長（12期）呉敦義（13期） 行政院長 劉兆玄呉敦義陳冲江宜樺毛治国張善政 中国国民党第4・6代 主席 任期 2005年8月19日 - 2007年2月13日2009年10月17日 – 2014年12月3日 台北市民選直轄第2・3代 市長 任期 1998年12月25日 – 2006年12月24日 中華民国第5代 法務...

 

 

Munshiganj-4

Constituency of Bangladesh's Jatiya Sangsad Munshiganj-4Former constituencyfor the Jatiya SangsadDistrictMunshiganj DistrictDivisionDhaka DivisionFormer constituencyCreated1984Abolished2006 Munshiganj-4 is a defunct constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh abolished in 2006.[1] Members of Parliament Election Member Party 1986 Mohiuddin Ahmed Awami League[2] 1988 Nur Mohammad Jatiya Party[3] 1991 Md. Abdul Hai BNP[4][...