Bandidos Motorcycle Club

Bandidos MC
Abbreviation
  • BMC
  • Bandido Nation[1]
FoundedMarch 4, 1966; 58 years ago (1966-03-04)[2]
FounderDonald Chambers[2]
Founded atSan Leon, Texas, United States[2]
TypeOutlaw motorcycle club
HeadquartersHouston, Texas, United States[3]
Region
Worldwide (303 chapters in 22 countries)[4]
Membership2,000–2,500[5]
Websitewww.bandidosmc.com

The Bandidos Motorcycle Club, also known as the Bandido Nation,[1] is an outlaw motorcycle club with a worldwide membership.[6][7][8] Formed in San Leon, Texas, in 1966, the Bandidos MC is estimated to have between 2,000 and 2,500 members[5] and 303 chapters located in 22 countries,[4] making it the second-largest motorcycle club in the world behind the Hells Angels.[9]

Numerous law enforcement and international intelligence agencies classify the Bandidos as an organized crime syndicate.[10][11]

History

The Bandidos Motorcycle Club was founded by 36-year-old dockworker Donald Eugene Chambers on March 4, 1966, in San Leon, Texas.[12] Chambers named the club in honor of the Mexican bandits who lived by their own rules, and he recruited members from biker bars locally in Houston as well as in Corpus Christi, Galveston, and San Antonio.[12] Like other outlaw motorcycle clubs, they call themselves "one percenters", a phrase coined by the former president of the American Motorcyclist Association who once stated that 99 percent of motorcyclists were law-abiding citizens and 1 percent "outlaws".[12] By the early 1970s, the club had over one hundred members, including many Vietnam War veterans.[12]

Ronald Jerome Hodge took over from Chambers as the Bandidos' president in 1972. Hodge was nicknamed "Mr. Prospect" because of the short amount of time in which he was awarded his club membership, and he later became known as "Step Mother" in deference to Chambers' moniker "Mother".[13] Under Hodge's leadership, the Bandidos became an international motorcycle club when the first foreign chapter was established in Sydney, Australia in 1983. The Australian branch was founded by Anthony Mark Spencer, who had previously encountered Bandidos members during a visit to the United States.[14] Hodge was sentenced to five years in prison in December 1988 for conspiring to bomb homes and automobiles belonging to members of a rival club, and he died of heart disease in 1992.[15][12]

In 1989, the club was established in Europe when a chapter was formed in Marseille, France.[16] Subsequent expansion into the Nordic countries in the 1990s led to a violent feud with the Hells Angels.[17] The third Bandidos international president, James Edward Lang, as well as his successor, Charles Craig Johnston, were each sentenced to ten years' imprisonment on drug charges in November 1998.[18] George Wegers, who served as international president between 1998 and 2005, was convicted of racketeering charges in October 2006.[19]

The Bandidos embarked on a failed endeavour to establish themselves in Canada after merging with the Montreal-based Rock Machine Motorcycle Club in 2000.[20] The Bandidos ceded Quebec to the Hells Angels at the conclusion of the province's deadliest biker war in 2003.[21] In 2007, the Bandidos' Canadian chapters went defunct following the internal Shedden massacre.[22]

According to the club's website, the Bandidos' Western Hemisphere chapters became autonomous from the international chapters in Europe and Australia on July 17, 2007.[23] The American chapters began wearing a redesigned patch in 2011.[24]

Insignia

"Expect No Mercy"

The Bandidos' insignia, known as the "Fat Mexican", consists of a caricature of a Mexican bandit wearing a sombrero and holding a sword in one hand and a pistol in the other.[25] The design is credited to the club's founder, Donald Chambers.[26] The "Fat Mexican" bears a resemblance to the Frito Bandito – a cartoon mascot of the Fritos corn chips brand – and according to Bandidos lore, Chambers took the club's name and logo from the mascot.[27] However, the Frito Bandito was not developed until 1967, the year after the Bandidos' foundation.[26] In addition to the "Fat Mexican" and diamond-shaped "1%er" emblems, club members also wear other patches on leather or denim vests – known as "colors". These patches consist of red lettering displayed on a gold background. The Bandidos' color scheme was inspired by that of the United States Marine Corps and chosen by Chambers, a Marine Corps veteran of the Vietnam War.[5] Patches denoting a member's rank and chapter are worn, as are various other patches which have specific meanings. Although the particular meaning of each patch is not publicly known, various law enforcement agencies have identified Bandidos patches which they believe are related to criminal activity.[28] For example, police have reported that the "Expect No Mercy" patch is awarded to those who have committed murder on behalf of the club, while the "TCB" ("Taking Care of Business") patch is worn by club officers and nomads. Similar to the "Expect No Mercy" patch, the "CDG" ("Coup de Grâce") patch reportedly signifies a member who has committed a significant act of violence.[29]

The Bandidos' mottos include "Cut one, we all bleed",[9] "God forgives, Bandidos don't",[1] "Our colors don't run"[30] and "We are the people our parents warned us about".[31] Another, more generic, saying of the club is "Bandidos forever, forever Bandidos" ("BFFB").[32]

Membership

Bandidos members must be male[33] and own at least one Harley-Davidson motorcycle (although other American-made motorcycles can also be allowed).[34] Prospective members must undertake a three-stage process before being initiated, beginning as a "hangaround", before becoming a "prospect" and then "probation". The length of this process is decided by each chapter president, and ends when the chapter's members vote unanimously to allow the probationary member to enter the club. A screening process is carried out to prevent infiltration by law enforcement. Upon joining the Bandidos, each member must sign their motorcycle over to the club.[34]

Each club chapter follows a structured hierarchy, with a president, vice-president, sergeant-at-arms, road captain and secretary/treasurer. Members must abide by various by-laws, such as not wearing the club patch while riding in a car or truck, and are required to attend meetings (known as "Church") four times per month.[35] These rules also dictate that any member who fails to attend mandatory group motorcycle rides is fined and must forfeit the title of his motorcycle.[36] Another requirement is that Bandidos must follow the philosophy "All members are your brothers and your family", and must "not fear authority and have a general disdain for the rules of society". Any member who cooperates with law enforcement, for example, is susceptible to disciplinary action. All Bandidos regalia, including tattoos, is considered club property. Membership fees are required, and are used to cover club expenses, such as funeral costs, and contribute to a legal defense fund.[34] Club bylaws state that any member who commits suicide will not receive a Bandidos funeral.[37]

The Bandidos have an estimated membership of between 2,000 and 2,500 worldwide.[5] In the United States, the majority of the club consists of white and Hispanic males.[12]

Organization

The Bandidos Motorcycle Club is organized by local chapters, with state and regional officers, as well as a national chapter made up of four regional vice-presidents and a national president. The leadership of the club consists of an international president, known as "El Presidente", who has authority over every club chapter.[35] The club also has Nomad chapters, made up of members not bound by geographical location, which are responsible for security, counterintelligence and internal discipline.[35][38] The Bandidos' "mother chapter" is based in Houston, Texas.[3]

The club has 303 chapters worldwide, located in twenty-two countries in North America, Oceania, Europe and Asia.[4]

North America

The United States is home to 93 Bandidos chapters, located in sixteen states.[5] The club is concentrated in Texas[39] but extends into Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, New Mexico, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Washington and Oklahoma.[40] The Bandidos incorporated in Texas as a non-profit organization in 1978. The club has subsequently incorporated in other states, including Washington and Alabama.[41]

The Bandidos expanded into Canada following a merger with the Rock Machine Motorcycle Club in Quebec in 2000. After establishing further chapters in Ontario, Alberta and Manitoba, the club's operations in Canada ceased in November 2007 as a result of infighting, law enforcement efforts, and pulled status from the club's American leadership.[42]

In 2004, the Bandidos formed a chapter in Costa Rica.[43]

Oceania

The first Australian chapter was formed in 1983, in Sydney, by former members of the Comanchero Motorcycle Club.[44] The club has since expanded substantially in Australia and there are forty-five Bandidos chapters throughout the country.[45]

The Bandidos have a small but growing presence in New Zealand after a rocky start in 2012.[46][47] They claim to have more than a dozen patched members and prospects in the Christchurch area.[48]

Europe

Bandidos clubhouse in Bochum, Germany.

There are approximately ninety Bandidos chapters in Europe.[49] The first European chapter opened in Marseille in France in 1989.[50] This was followed by expansion into the Nordic countries, with branches being established in Denmark in 1993,[51] Sweden in 1994,[52] and Finland and Norway in 1995.[53][54]

The German department of the Bandidos was chartered in 2000.[55] Chapters were then founded in Italy in 2001[56] and on the Channel Islands in 2003.[57]

The Bandidos formed its first chapter in the Netherlands in 2014. The club was prohibited in the country in 2017, however.[58]

In recent years the club has also expanded heavily into Spain, Belgium, Estonia, Greece, England and Ireland. Additionally, it is reportedly considering establishing a presence in Russia and Eastern Europe.[59][60]

Asia

In 2001, the Bandidos were established in Thailand via a merger with the Diablos Motorcycle Club in Pattaya. The club further expanded to Malaysia and Singapore in 2006.[61]

Support clubs

Like other major motorcycle clubs,[62][63][64] the Bandidos also have a number of "support" clubs.[6][65][66][67] These groups usually wear reverse colors (gold border with red background rather than the Bandidos' red-border–and–gold background). They also commonly wear a unique patch (known as the "Heart Patch") consisting of a round patch in Bandidos colors on the front upper left of the colors (vest), as worn by the member. Most of these clubs are regional.[68][69]

Criminal allegations and incidents

Main article: Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents

The United States Department of Justice, the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, Europol and the Australian Federal Police consider the Bandidos to be a criminal organization.[70][11][71][72] Law enforcement agencies in the United States also identify the Bandidos as one of the "big four" motorcycle gangs, along with the Hells Angels, the Outlaws and the Pagans, and contend that the club is responsible for organized crime activity such as drug dealing, arms trafficking, prostitution, extortion, money laundering and murder.[73][10] In Australia, the Bandidos are included among the "big six", with the Hells Angels, the Comanchero, the Finks, the Mongols and the Rebels.[74][75]

While individual chapters had previously been banned in Germany, the Netherlands became the first country to prohibit the club as a whole in December 2017 when a court in Utrecht outlawed both the Dutch department of the Bandidos and the international organization on the grounds that the club forms a threat to public order.[76]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c Law agencies prep, keep watch, as outlaw biker club rides in for holiday weekend Mori Kessler, stgeorgeutah.com (August 27, 2013) Archived March 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ a b "Bandidos Motorcycle Club". Archived from the original on May 24, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2020.bandidosmcunitedstates.com
  4. ^ a b c "Number of Hells Angels charters and Bandidos chapters worldwide". Archived from the original on February 4, 2023. Retrieved November 21, 2020.Statista (May 24, 2012)
  5. ^ a b c d e Bandidos: 5 things to know about second-most dangerous motorcycle gang Jessica Durando, USA Today (May 19, 2015) Archived May 21, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b Barker, Tom (September 2005). "One percent bikers clubs: A description". Trends in Organized Crime. 9 (1): 101–112. doi:10.1007/s12117-005-1005-0. S2CID 144003167. Puppet Clubs. In addition to the Big 5 and the Independent clubs, there are also "support" clubs that do the bidding of the larger clubs, act as potential recruiting sources, serve as cannon fodder in the wars between clubs, and give a portion of their illegal gains to the larger club. The Red Devils MC is well known as a support club for the HAMC as are the Black Pistons MC as a support club for the Outlaws. The Outlaw Nation and the Bandido Nation list their support clubs on their national websites.
  7. ^ 2003 Annual Report Organized Crime in Canada (PDF). Crime Intelligence Service Canada. 2003. ISBN 0-662-67479-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-18.
  8. ^ "FBI and DEA arrest top Bandidos Motorcycle Leaders in San Antonio, Houston". San Antonio Express-News. Archived from the original on 2016-10-13. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
  9. ^ a b "How the Bandidos became one of the world's most feared biker gangs". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2022-04-14. Retrieved 2020-11-21. Michael E. Miller, The Washington Post (May 18, 2015)
  10. ^ a b "2005 National Gang Threat Assessment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-12-22. National Alliance of Gang Investigators Association (2005)
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  21. ^ Edwards 2010, p. 126.
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  28. ^ "Ein Bandido packt aus". 6 November 2009. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Melanie Pothman, Westfälische Rundschau (6 November 2009)
  29. ^ "Polisen: Det betyder märkena på Bandidosvästarna". 17 June 2016. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Sandra Divinyi, Göteborgs-Posten (17 June 2016)
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  31. ^ Schiller, Dane (7 June 2015). "'We are the people our parents warned us about'". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Dane Schiller, Houston Chronicle (June 6, 2015)
  32. ^ "The Gang's All Here". 21 January 2013. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Skip Hollandsworth, Texas Monthly (April 2007)
  33. ^ "Can Women Join Motorcycle Clubs?". 21 May 2015. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Abby Johnston, Bustle (May 21, 2015)
  34. ^ a b c "20 Rules The Bandidos Make Their Members Follow". 3 September 2019. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020. Andre Nalin, TheThings.com (September 3, 2019)
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  43. ^ Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs Expand Throughout Costa Rica Jaime Lopez, The Costa Rica Star (December 24, 2013) Archived December 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
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  62. ^ Caine, Alex (2009). Befriend and Betray: Infiltrating the Hells Angels, Bandidos and Other Criminal Brotherhoods. Macmillan. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-312-53719-7. The first Canadian Hells Angels chapter opened in Montreal in 1977, and the gang has dominated the province's biker scene ever since. By the early 1990s, however, domination was no longer enough -- they wanted to be the only game in town. At least in Montreal, the province's biggest city and home to pretty much half its population. So, with several support gangs as their foot soldiers, les Hells, as they're known, began a brutal campaign to monopolize the drugs business, especially the big money-maker: cocaine.
  63. ^ Cherry, Paul (2005). The Biker Trials: Bringing Down the Hells Angels. ECW Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-55022-638-6. 'Every affiliated group has a godfather,' Sirois told the cops in describing how Hells' Angels' puppet gangs like the Rockers, the Jokers, and the Rowdy Crew worked.
  64. ^ Hazlehurst, Cameron (1998). Gangs and youth subcultures: international explorations. Transaction Publishers. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-56000-363-2. In Denmark, where outlaw motorcycle gangs have fought for control of the east European drug market, Hell's Angels use associates and candidates for 'dirty work' (Devlin 1992: 86). Elsewhere they are known to use 'puppet clubs' (Campbell 1993: 5).
  65. ^ "2005 National Gang Threat Assessment" (PDF). Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), U.S. Department of Justice.: 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2005. All of the major OMGs have support clubs that serve as a recruitment source and as foot soldiers in conducting criminal activities. The Hells Angels' principal support club is the Red Devils, the Outlaws have the Black Pistons. The Pagans have the Tribe and the Blitzkrieg and Thunderguards (in Maryland). The Bandidos have several support clubs, including the Amigos, Pistoleros, LA Riders, Hombres, and Hermanos. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  66. ^ Mallory, Stephen L. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime. Jones & Bartlett Publisher. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-7637-4108-2. OMGs [outlaw motorcycle gangs] control their networks by violence and intimidation of members, rivals, and potential witnesses. A current trend among OMGs is the employment of puppet clubs to conduct the criminal activity for the sponsor club. In Mississippi, the Pistoleros MC has seven chapters that are associated with the Bandidos. These puppet clubs take most of the risk and return most of the profits to the more powerful OMG members. This trend, along with the trend of Mafia associations, has allowed the OMG to expand their influence and become more diverse in both their legal and illegal enterprises.
  67. ^ "About Violent Gangs - Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs". US Dept. of Justice. Archived from the original on 2008-10-12. The Bandidos are most active in the Pacific, Southeastern, Southwestern and the West Central regions of the U.S. The Bandidos are expanding in each of these regions by forming additional chapters and allowing members of supporting clubs who have sworn allegiance to another club but who support and do the "dirty work" of a mother club–to form new or join existing Bandidos chapters. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  68. ^ "A m i g o s M C". A m i g o s M C. Archived from the original on 6 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
  69. ^ "Hombres MC • Seattle • Wash • Chapter - WELCOME". Hombresmc.net. Archived from the original on 12 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
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  71. ^ "2004 Annual Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-22. Retrieved 2020-11-21.- Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, cisc.gc.ca
  72. ^ AFP targets outlaw motorcycle gangs in South-East Asia Australian Federal Police (July 11, 2022) Archived July 10, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
  73. ^ "FBI 2013 National Gang Intelligence Center report". Archived from the original on 2020-11-22. Retrieved 2020-11-21. fbi.gov (2013)
  74. ^ By their colours: Outlaw motorcycle gang identification guide Australian Broadcasting Corporation (October 4, 2013) Archived October 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  75. ^ Victoria bikies: all you need to know about Big Six outlaw gangs Anthony Dowsley, Herald Sun (July 7, 2022) Archived June 12, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
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Bibliography

  • Winterhalder, Edward (2022), Searching For My Identity (Volume 1): The Chronological Evolution Of A Troubled Adolescent To Outlaw Biker, Blockhead City, ISBN 979-8-9858817-0-7
  • Winterhalder, Edward (2022), Searching For My Identity (Volume 2): The Chronological Evolution Of An Outlaw Biker On The Road To Redemption, Blockhead City, ISBN 979-8-9858817-1-4
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John M. Deutch

Untuk ekonom Kanada, lihat John James Deutsch. John M. Deutch Direktur Intelijensi Pusat ke-17Masa jabatan10 Mei 1995 – 15 Desember 1996PresidenBill ClintonWakilWilliam O. StudemanGeorge Tenet PendahuluJames WoolseyPenggantiGeorge TenetWakil Menteri Pertahanan Amerika SerikatMasa jabatan11 Maret 1994 – 10 Mei 1995[1]PresidenBill Clinton PendahuluWilliam PerryPenggantiJohn P. WhiteMenteri Tingkat Rendah Pertahanan untuk Akuisisi dan TeknologiMasa jabatan2 April 19...

 

Martin Jensen (DJ)

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Martin Jensen (teknisi suara). Martin JensenMartin Jensen di Lollapalooza 2017Informasi latar belakangNama lahirMartin JensenLahir29 September 1991 (umur 32)Silkeborg, DenmarkGenreTropical housedancePekerjaanDJproduser rekamanTahun aktif2014–sekarangLabelSony MusicDisco:waxRave CultureSitus webdjmartinjensen.com Martin Jensen (lahir 29 Mei 1991) adalah seorang DJ dan produser rekaman asal Denmark yang terkenal dengan singel tahun 2016 Solo Dance. Videonya men...

 

Gambar dari Edessa

Menurut legenda, Raja Abgar menerima Gambar dari Edessa, yang memuat gambar wajah Yesus. Gambar dari Edessa (Inggris: Image of Edessacode: en is deprecated ) menurut tradisi Kristen adalah relikwi kudus yang berupa kain berbentuk bujursangkar atau persegi panjang yang secara ajaib memuat cetakan wajah Yesus. Merupakan ikon (gambar) pertama. Dalam gereja Ortodoks Timur dan juga dalam bahasa Inggris, gambar ini dikenal sebagai Mandylion. Menurut legenda, ketika Konon Yesus Kristus masih hidup, ...

Julio Hornay

Julio HornayJúlio Hornay (2017) Kepala Polícia Nacional de Timor-Leste ke-3Masa jabatan26 Maret 2015 – 27 Maret 2019PresidenTaur Matan RuakFrancisco GuterresPerdana MenteriRui Maria de AraújoMarí AlkatiriTaur Matan Ruak PendahuluLonguinhos MonteiroPenggantiFaustino da Costa Informasi pribadiLahir16 Februari 1967 (umur 57) Lospalos, Timor PortugisKarier militerPihak Indonesia (1991—1999) Timor Leste (2000—2019)Masa dinas1991—2019Komando Kepolisian R...

 

Gouvernement Pierre Laval (6)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Gouvernement Pierre Laval. Gouvernement Pierre Laval VI 18 avril 1942 – 20 août 1944 Informations générales Statut Gouvernement Régime Régime de Vichy Début 18 avril 1942 Fin 19 août 1944 Durée 2 ans, 4 mois et 1 jour Chef du gouvernement Pierre Laval Histoire et événements 18 avril 1942 Fin du gouvernement François Darlan, début du 6e gouvernement de Laval 16 et 17 juillet 1942 Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv 8 novembre 1942 ...

 

Movie projector

Device for showing motion picture film Film projector redirects here. For other uses, see Film projector (disambiguation). For digital movie projectors, see video projector and digital cinema. 35 mm movie projector in operation Bill Hammack explains how a film projector works. A movie projector (or film projector) is an opto-mechanical device for displaying motion picture film by projecting it onto a screen. Most of the optical and mechanical elements, except for the illumination and sou...

Alvinella pompejana

Species of annelid worm Alvinella pompejana Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Clade: Pleistoannelida Clade: Sedentaria Order: Terebellida Family: Alvinellidae Genus: Alvinella Species: A. pompejana Binomial name Alvinella pompejanaDesbruyères and Laubier, 1980 Alvinella pompejana, the Pompeii worm, is a species of deep-sea polychaete worm (commonly referred to as bristle worms). It is an extremophile found only at hydrothermal vents in the Pa...

 

16e bataillon de chasseurs à pied

16e bataillon de chasseurs à pied insigne régimentaire du 16e bataillon de chasseurs à pied Création 15 janvier 1854 Pays France Branche Armée de terre Type Infanterie mécanisée Rôle combat haute et basse intensité Fait partie de 2e brigade blindée de la 3e division Garnison Bitche Surnom Bataillon d'Acier Devise Et le 16 est toujours ? D'acier et aussi 16e bataillon de chasseurs à pied, 16e bataillon d'acier Inscriptionssur l’emblème Le fanion du 16 comporte deu...

 

Roger Casement

Irish diplomat, activist, nationalist and poet (1864–1916) Roger CasementCasement by Sarah Purser, 1914BornRoger David Casement(1864-09-01)1 September 1864Sandycove, Dublin, IrelandDied3 August 1916(1916-08-03) (aged 51)Pentonville Prison, London, EnglandCause of deathExecution by hangingMonuments Casement Monument at Ballyheigue Beach Roger Casement Statue at Dún Laoghaire Baths Occupation(s)Diplomat, poet, humanitarian activistOrganisation(s)British Foreign Office, Irish Volunt...

内华达州

内華達州 美國联邦州State of Nevada 州旗州徽綽號：產銀之州、起戰之州地图中高亮部分为内華達州坐标：35°N－42°N, 114°W－120°W国家 美國建州前內華達领地加入聯邦1864年10月31日（第36个加入联邦）首府卡森城最大城市拉斯维加斯政府 • 州长（英语：List of Governors of {{{Name}}}]]） • 副州长（英语：List of lieutenant governors of {{{Name}}}]]）喬·隆巴爾多（R斯塔...

 

مثلث وسط المدينة (القدس)

31°46′55.80″N 35°13′04.30″E / 31.7821667°N 35.2178611°E / 31.7821667; 35.2178611 منظر جوي لمثلث وسط مدينة بالقدس. مثلث وسط المدينة (بالعبرية: המשולש) (هاموشولاش) وتُختصر المثلث هي منطقة تجارية وترفيهية مركزية في القدس الغربية. تبلغ مساحتها 29,000 متر مربع (310,000 قدم مربع)،[1] ويحدها شارع يافا ...

 

1948 Bermuda–Newfoundland hurricane

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1948 Hurricane Six (Dog) Surface weather analysis of the hurricane on September 13Meteorological historyFormedSeptember 4, 1948 (1948-09-04)ExtratropicalSeptember 15, 1948DissipatedSeptember 16, 1948 (1948-09-17)Category 4 major hurricane1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)Highest winds130 mph (215 km/h)Lowest pressure≥940 mbar (hPa); ≥27.76 inHgOverall effectsFatalities8 totalDamage$400,000 (1948 USD)Areas affectedBe...

Cassius C. Dowell

American politician This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Cassius C. Dowell – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Cassius Clay DowellMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Iowa's 7th districtIn office1915–1933Pr...

 

Campionati nazionali di ciclismo su strada

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento competizioni ciclistiche non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. I Campionati nazionali di ciclismo su strada sono eventi svolti annualmente da ogni nazione per designare i campioni nazionali delle diverse discipline del ciclismo su strada. In molti casi, vengo...

 

Independence of Finland

Process of Finnish separation from Russia in the 19th-20th centuries The Finnish Senate of 1917, Prime Minister P. E. Svinhufvud in the head of table Finland declared its full independence on 6 December 1917. The formal Declaration of Independence was only part of the long process leading to the independence of Finland. History Proclamation of Empress Elizabeth (1742) The subject of an independent Finland was first mentioned in the 18th century, when present-day Finland was still part of Swe...

Операція «Вісла»

Операція Вісла Примусове виселення українського села у Зах. Бескидах польським батальйоном Познань, 1947 р.Місце атаки ЗакерзонняМета атаки Ліквідація українського населення на його етнічних землях, які після ІІ Світової війни відійшли до складу ПНР.Дата 1947квітень - липе...

 

قائمة البلديات في أشتورية

بلديات المقاطعة هنا قائمة ببلديات منطقة أشتورية (بالإسبانية: Asturias)‏, المصنفة على أنها إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا. والتي تقع في الشمال الغربي لإسبانيا. الاسم السكان (2002) السكان (2014)[1] ألاندي 2,374 1,891 ألير 14,786 11,906 أمايفا 889 772 أفايلاس 83,511 82,568 بيلمونتي دي ميراندا 2,209 1,711 بايمينس 2,071 1,8...

 

Apollo Théâtre

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une salle de spectacle et Paris. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Apollo. Ne pas confondre avec l'Apollo (Paris), rue du Faubourg-du-Temple. Ne pas confondre l'Apollo Theatre (Paris), l'Apollo Theater situé à Manhattan ou l'Apollo Theatre situé à Londres. Apollo Théâtre Données clés Coordonnées 48° 52′ ...

Yoko Ono discography

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Yoko Ono discographyOno at a press conference in Moscow in 2007Studio albums14Singles40Collaborative albums8 Japanese multimedia artist, singer and songwriter Yoko Ono has released 14 studio albums, eight collaborative albums, and 40 singles as a lead artist. Married to English singer-songwriter and the Beatles member John Lennon until his...

 

Legnica

Liegnitz ist eine Weiterleitung auf diesen Artikel. Siehe auch: Liegnitz (Begriffsklärung). Legnica Legnica (Polen) Legnica Basisdaten Staat: Polen Woiwodschaft: Niederschlesien Powiat: Kreisfreie Stadt Fläche: 56,30 km² Geographische Lage: 51° 12′ N, 16° 10′ O51.20833333333316.160277777778Koordinaten: 51° 12′ 30″ N, 16° 9′ 37″ O Höhe: 108 m n.p.m. Einwohner: 98.436 (31. Dez. 2020)[1] Postleitzahl: 59-220 Tele...