Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Avant que l'ombre...

Avant que l'ombre...
Studio album by
Released4 April 2005
Recorded2004–2005
GenreSynthpop, pop rock
Length71:01
LabelPolydor
ProducerLaurent Boutonnat
Mylène Farmer chronology
RemixeS
(2003)
Avant que l'ombre...
(2005)
Avant que l'ombre... à Bercy
(2006)
Alternate cover
Collector edition
Singles from Avant que l'ombre...
  1. "Fuck Them All"
    Released: 14 March 2005
  2. "Q.I"
    Released: 4 July 2005
  3. "Redonne-moi"
    Released: 2 January 2006
  4. "L'amour n'est rien..."
    Released: 27 March 2006
  5. "Peut-être toi"
    Released: 21 August 2006

Avant que l'ombre... is the sixth studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on 4 April 2005. , this album produced five singles which were all top ten hits in France, including "Fuck Them All" and "L'amour n'est rien..."

Mainly composed of acoustic ballads, the album presents a shift towards a calmer sound while retaining her signature collaboration with Laurent Boutonnat.

Reviews for the album were divided; some reviewers praised its mature lyrics, while others found it predictable.

Background and release

Avant que l'ombre... je sais, ne s'abatte à mes pieds
Je sais que, je sais que... j'ai aimé

— Refrain from "Avant que l'ombre..." that appears on the digipack

"Avant que l'ombre" marked Farmer's longest break between studio albums, following "Innamoramento" by exactly six years. As such, the album was, perhaps, the most anticipated of her career. [editorializing]Rumours of the disc began circulating in 2003 when it was revealed that Universal was planning a new release of Farmer for the fourth quarter; however the project turned out to be Farmer's second remix album. By the end of 2004, Universal's President Pascal Nègre confirmed that Farmer would release an album in the following months, stating then that it would be a double album. Persistent rumours continued to circulate including the possibility of duets with artists such as Benjamin Biolay, Diam's and Lara Fabian.[1]

In December 2004,[2] Farmer held a major press conference with longtime collaborator Laurent Boutonnat in which she confirmed the upcoming release of the album, including the title, and announced a series of concerts to coincide at Paris Bercy. After several postponements, the album's release was pinned for 4 April 2005. Contrary to Nègre's previous comments, the album was a single disc with 14 titles, which remains the largest number of songs on a Farmer album, and an additional hidden track entitled "Nobody Knows". On this album, Farmer abandoned the American musicians who had previously worked with her since Anamorphosée, and reunited with several musicians with whom she had worked in her early career.[3]

The digipack version, first limited to 2,000 units, is composed of the CD and a DVD containing the making-of of the music video for "Fuck Them All" with commentaries by director Augustin Villaronga. The album was produced in a triptych version, with a central section that unfolds itself in the shape of a cross to discover the booklet in which the order of the lyrics is not the same as that of the songs. The refrain's lyrics of the eponymous song is put forward within the digipack. The various photographs of the booklet were directed by Dominique Isserman,[4] and cost about 85,000 euros.[5] Isserman also made the cover's photo, on which Farmer appears lengthened, "asleep as Sleeping Beauty on an ochre and shades of red background". Around the neck, she is wearing a cross made with two matches.[6]

On 28 March, a competition organized by the NRJ radio allowed the winners to listen to the album in its entirety alongside Pascal Nègre and Mylène Farmer.[7] The Virgin megastore and the Fnac ot[clarification needed] the Champs Elysées[8] also organized a special deal with album's sales after midnight. The album was released twice: first on 4 April in the collector version, and then on 18 April in the traditional version for the general public.[9]

The album was supported by a series of 13 concerts at Paris-Bercy in January 2006.

Lyrics and music

According to Laurent Boutonnat, Avant que l'ombre... is more acoustic and electronic than the previous ones he had produced.[10][11] A newspaper said: "The style is the same, but the sounds evolve: more acoustic sounds mixed with electro and keyboards. Farmer sings with a voice more natural than usual".[12][better source needed] Ouest France stated that the album is "a continuation of the singer's discography", but with a "certain calm in the prose" and a "majority of ballads".[13] In this album, Farmer's voice is "filled with softness and fragility". For one of the first time, she sings in low notes.[3]

On this album, "Boutonnat opens his production to new instruments": the clarinet (on "Redonne-moi") and the vibraphone (on "Avant que l'ombre...").[14]

The album deals with the "apprehension of a woman facing the death with after all the satisfaction to have loved".[13] It mainly talks of sex, death and religion.[15] The lyrics are "slightly disturbing", "sometimes important", and there is some "humor".[16] About the album content, Farmer said: "I very selfishly continue to talk about me, my shadows, my lights".[17][18]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[19]

The journalist Benoît Cachin considered that Avant que l'ombre... was less sophisticated than Farmer's previous albums. He said that among the subjects tackled are religion, literature, sexuality, a hope for a better life, a happy love, revolt, dream and self-mockery. Although he deemed the album "consistent and uniform", he added that it is confusing due to the "particularly abstruse" lyrics, including many puns and literary references unknown to the general public.[6]

Some critics thought the album did not contain any big surprises: "Farmer's voice is still light, fragile, sometimes quavering" to better evoke emotion. The piano gives the tempo but the strings dominate to create "a labyrinthine atmosphere". Caroline Bee believes that the album is too similar to the previous ones and lacks innovation.[20] The album is a "distressing repetition of her old hits" (Actu02).[21] "Disappointing", with "ethereal chords", "songs stretched and similar" (Télé Star).[22] "Her album is not revolutionary. (...) Certain chords are even fuddy-duddy. (...) A mixed success" (Télé 2 Semaines).[23] "Nothing is very surprising nor really new. Always this voice on the wire, at the edge of the crack. Always this dark romanticism bathed in mystical, erotic, and morbid image more or less woolly" (Le Journal du dimanche).[24]

According to Rolling Stone, this album has a "great sweetness" but "ultimately suffers from a major flaw: it is the sixth album of an artist from whom everyone expects too much".[25] On the whole, the album was well received in the media, particularly by the French newspaper Le Monde[14] which stated: "The singularity of the musical and thematic universe of Mylène Farmer, is not overturned, but refined. (...) The whole aims to a luminous power. (...) [In the lyrics], Mylène Farmer is calmer, almost beaming, melancholy with a smile". Voici qualified Avant que l'ombre... as an "intimate album" and underlined the "quality of the lyrics".

The album was rewarded with the title "Best Album of the Year" in 2005 at NRJ Music Awards.

Commercial performance

In France, Avant que l'ombre... became the singer's fifth number-one album, debuting atop the French Albums Chart with nearly 150,000 (Gold) units sold in the first week.[26] Although Farmer did not promote the album, it remained at number one for three non-consecutive weeks, alternating with Grégory Lemarchal's album, Je deviens moi. Avant que l'ombre... logged in more than two months in the top ten, and 23 consecutive weeks in the top 50 before sliding down the chart later in autumn, which partially resulted from the six-month difference between the release of the second and the third singles. It re-entered in the top 20 in January after an intense advertising campaign, an interview on TF1 and the concerts at Bercy. The album ultimately logged a total of 77 weeks on the album chart.[27] In spite of a good chart trajectory, the album did not reach the sales of Farmer's previous studio albums, which were all million plus sellers in France. The album was certified Platinum,[28] then Double platinum on 6 July 2006.[29] It was the eighth best-selling album of 2005 in France.[30]

In Belgium (Wallonia), the album also debuted at number one on 16 April and remained there for six consecutive before being dislodged by Raphaël's Caravane. The album remained in the top ten for fourteen consecutive weeks. As in France, the album experienced a resurgence, thought less pronounced, in early 2006.[31] The album logged a total of 31 non-consecutive weeks on the Belgium album chart and was certified Gold album.[32] The album ranked number five on the 2005 year-end chart.[33]

In Switzerland, the album debuted at number two on 17 April, then dropped quickly and fell off the top 100 after 11 weeks.[34]

In non-Francophone Belgium (Flanders), the album had a peak at number 48 on 23 April 2005.[35]

Track listing

# Title Length Performance(s) on tour(s) TV performance(s) Comment[36]
1 "Avant que l'ombre..." 5:55 2006 tour No See main article "Avant que l'ombre..."
2 "Fuck Them All" 4:32 No See main article "Fuck Them All"
3 "Dans les rues de Londres" 3:50 2006 tour No This song is a tribute to Virginia Woolf, a British writer whose novels Mrs. Dalloway and The Wave and the letter she wrote to her husband just before her suicide are evoked in the lyrics. The themes of life, death, love are tackled.

The song was considered by fans as one of the best tracks on the album,[citation needed] and rumors had announced its release as the fifth single from the album.

4 "Q.I" 5:20 2006 tour No See main article "Q.I"
5 "Redonne-moi" 4:22 2006 tour Symphonic Show, France 2, 12 November 2005 See main article "Redonne-moi"
6 "Porno graphique" 4:16 2006 tour No The song, full of puns and with esoteric words, deals with themes related to sexual practices, and is a praise of sexual freedom. In the words, Farmer cites the words of a journalist who had qualified as "porno chic" the photos in the booklet of the best of Les Mots. At the end of the song, Farmer sighs, and then says without singing: "T'as pas un p'tit Mojito ?", before bursting out laughing.
7 "Derrière les fenêtres" 4:02 No No Hard to understand, the text seems to be a tribute to unknown people who remain in the shadows.
8 "Aime" 4:32 No No This song is a tribute to Serge Gainsbourg, whose vocabulary, puns and techniques it uses. It also cites the title of a 1969 song written by Gainsbourg: "L'Anamour".

In this esoteric text, Farmer evokes her passionate love that makes her suffer, and for the first time, she specifies the location of this memory of love, namely Palermo.
The music resembles that of "C'est une belle journée".

9 "Tous ces combats" 4:00 No No This ballad touches on the interior fightings which Farmer is forced to face. She also declares she expects the love that will enable her to be more serene.

This text refers to a work by Paul Verlaine, Les Poèmes saturniens, one of whose sections is entitled "Mélancholia" (a term used in the refrain of the song).

10 "Ange, parle-moi" 3:40 2006 tour No In the song, Farmer addresses an angel asking him of not dying. She seems to make reference to Satan, his pride and greed in the couplet.
11 "L'amour n'est rien..." 5:03 No See main article "L'amour n'est rien..."
12 "J'attends" 5:20 No No In this optimistic song, Farmer confesses she is happy to be in love, but nonetheless she expects that love will take her away and overcome her in a very close relationship.
13 "Peut-être toi" 4:45 2006 tour No See main article "Peut-être toi"
14 "Et Pourtant..." 4:35 Timeless No In this song, Farmer refers to the fact that she will die sooner or later, but she seems to be relieved to have known love, although she suffers.

The singer performs many notes in very high tones and the music is very sweet, putting forward the singer's voice. It is the most acoustic song of the album.
The song, originally scheduled to be performed during the 2006 concerts, was eventually rejected. Farmer performed the song during her Timeless 2013 tour, then dressed in a red sleeveless top, red pants covered with a red Charon in front and in the back.

141 "Nobody Knows" 4:43 2006 tour No Lyrics are not easy to understand. According to Cachin, the music is both melancholy and worrying.

1 Hidden song

Charts

Certifications and sales

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Belgium (BEA)[49] Gold 25,000*
France (SNEP)[50] 2× Platinum 400,000*
Russia (NFPF)[51] Platinum 20,000*
Summaries
Worldwide 800,000[52]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.

Credits

Formats

  • CD
  • CD — Digipack 1
  • Collector casket — Format 12" - Limited edition (5,000) 1
  • Double 12" 2
  • CD — Taïwan
  • CD — Japan 3
  • CD — Promo — Japan 4
  • Cassette 5

1 + 1 DVD containing the video and the making of of "Fuck Them All"
2 Near the centering of one of the two vinyls is engraved the phrase "Quel talent Lolo, vingt ans après", in reference to Laurent Boutonnat
3 "Nobody Knows" features as 15th track and its lyrics are available in the booklet
4 "Nobody Knows" features as 15th track
5 Not contains "Nobody Knows"

References

  1. ^ Star Academy, May 2002, "Quand Fabian rencontre Farmer..." Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 22 March 2008)
  2. ^ "Platine", 2005, "Mylène Farmer — L'intimité dans l'immensité" Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  3. ^ a b L'Intégrale Mylene Farmer, Erwan Chuberre, 2007, City Ed., p. 47-49 (ISBN 978-2-35288-108-7)
  4. ^ "Platine", No. 121 Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  5. ^ Mylène Farmer, le culte — L'envers du décor, Sophie Khairallah, 2007, Why Not Ed., p. 58
  6. ^ a b Le Dictionnaire des Chansons de Mylène Farmer, Benoît Cachin, 2006, Tournon Ed., p. 48
  7. ^ Mylène Farmer, le culte — L'envers du décor, Sophie Khairallah, 2007, Why Not Ed., p. 99
  8. ^ L'Humanité, 4 April 2005, "La femme du jour: Mylène Farmer", Anne-Sophie Stamane Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  9. ^ "Avant que l'ombre... Nouvelle énigme Farmer" Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  10. ^ Ouest-France (Alençon Orne-Est), December 18,19, 2004, "Mylène Farmer annonce son retour", Michel Troadec Milenia.ifrance.com Archived 20 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved 22 February 2008)
  11. ^ La Dépêche, 4 April 2005, "Mylène Farmer sort enfin de l'ombre" Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  12. ^ Zoprack, 2005, "Avant que l'ombre" Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  13. ^ a b "Ouest France", 5 April 2005, "Dans le monde sensuel de Mylène Farmer", Michel Troadec Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  14. ^ a b "Mylène Farmer, l'icône", Jukebox, n°253, p. 8 Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 13 May 2008)
  15. ^ "Mylène Farmer fidèle à elle-même", 5 April 2005, Sébastien Catroux Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  16. ^ "Chanson — La Fée Mylène", 5 May 2005 Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  17. ^ Télé Cable Satellite No. 769, 24 January 2005, "Un nouvel album après 5 ans de silence — Mylène Farmer sort de l'ombre" Milenia.ifrance.com Archived 23 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved 22 February 2008)
  18. ^ TV Hebdo, 2 January 2005, "Et Mylène a souri..." Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  19. ^ AllMusic review
  20. ^ Mylène Farmer — La part d'ombre, Caroline Bee, Antoine Bioy & Benjamin Thiry, 2005, Archipel Ed., p. 369
  21. ^ Actu02, 5 April 2005 Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  22. ^ Télé Star, 5 May 2005 Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  23. ^ Télé 2 Semaines, 25 April 2005, "Mylène Farmer sort de l'album" Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  24. ^ Le Journal du dimanche, January 2006, "Avant que l'ombre...", Éric Mandel Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 23 March 2008)
  25. ^ Rolling Stone, March 2005
  26. ^ "Platine", No. 121, p.11 Devant-soi.com[permanent dead link] (Retrieved 20 March 2008)
  27. ^ "Avant que l'ombre...", French Albums Chart Lescharts.com (Retrieved 1 February 2008)
  28. ^ Mylène Farmer certifications Chartsinfrance.net (Retrieved 1 February 2008)
  29. ^ "Certifications Albums Double Platine - année 2006" (in French). Disqueenfrance. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
  30. ^ 2005 French Albums Chart Ifop.com Archived 7 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved 1 February 2008)
  31. ^ "Avant que l'ombre...", Belgian (Wallonia) Albums Chart Ultratop.be (Retrieved 1 February 2008)
  32. ^ Mylène Farmer's album certification Ultratop.be (Retrieved 1 February 2008)
  33. ^ 2005 Belgian Albums Chart Skynet.be Archived 24 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Retrieved 1 February 2008)
  34. ^ "Avant que l'ombre...", Swiss Albums Chart Hitparade.ch (Retrieved 1 February 2008)
  35. ^ "Avant que l'ombre...", Belgian (Flanders) Albums Chart Ultratop.be (Retrieved 1 February 2008)
  36. ^ Le Dictionnaire des Chansons de Mylène Farmer, Benoît Cachin, 2006, Tournon Ed., p. 25, 26, 48, 49, 81, 82, 84, 101, 102, 136, 179, 199, 200, 254, 255
  37. ^ "Ultratop.be – Mylène Farmer – Avant que l'ombre..." (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  38. ^ "Ultratop.be – Mylène Farmer – Avant que l'ombre..." (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  39. ^ "Billboard Eurocharts" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 117, no. 17. 23 April 2005. p. 41. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  40. ^ "Lescharts.com – Mylène Farmer – Avant que l'ombre...". Hung Medien. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  41. ^ "Swisscharts.com – Mylène Farmer – Avant que l'ombre...". Hung Medien. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  42. ^ "Ultratop.be – Mylène Farmer – Avant que l'ombre..." (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  43. ^ "Swisscharts.com – Mylène Farmer – Avant que l'ombre...". Hung Medien. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  44. ^ "Mylène Farmer - Avant que l'ombre..." (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  45. ^ "Rapports annueles 2005" (in French). Ultratop. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  46. ^ "Classement Albums - année 2005" (in French). SNEP. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  47. ^ "Les 200 meilleures ventes d'albums en France pour l'année 2006" (in French). SNEP. Archived from the original on 29 October 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  48. ^ "Rapports Annuels 2021". Ultratop. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  49. ^ "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – albums 2005". Ultratop. Hung Medien.
  50. ^ "French album certifications – Mylène Farmer – Avant que l'ombre" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  51. ^ "Russian album certifications – Mylène Farmer – Avant que l'ombre..." (in Russian). National Federation of Phonogram Producers (NFPF).
  52. ^ "Nouvel album pour Mylène Farmer". Sud Ouest (in French). 23 August 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2018.

Read other articles:

Stefan ÖrnskogNationalitet SverigeFödd24 april 1969 (54 år), Jönköping, SverigeSpelardataPositionCenterSkjuterVänsterLängd180 cmVikt80 kgKlubbarSpelade förHV 71JYPÖvrigtProffsår1987–2001 Stefan Örnskog Ishockey, herrar Olympiska spel Guld Lillehammer 1994 Ishockey Bror Karl Stefan Örnskog, född 24 april 1969 i Jönköping i Jönköpings län, är en svensk före detta ishockeyspelare. Örnskog spelade 12 säsonger av sin 14 säsonger långa karriär i HV71 från Jönköpi…

Ця стаття містить правописні, лексичні, граматичні, стилістичні або інші мовні помилки, які треба виправити. Ви можете допомогти вдосконалити цю статтю, погодивши її із чинними мовними стандартами. Вибрані статті ізЧислення Фундаментальна теорема Границя функції Неперер…

  Vireo gorjiamarillo Vireo gorjiamarillo (Vireo flavifrons) en el parque provincial Rondeau, Ontario, Canadá.Estado de conservaciónPreocupación menor (UICN 3.1)[1]​TaxonomíaReino: AnimaliaFilo: ChordataClase: AvesOrden: PasseriformesFamilia: VireonidaeGénero: VireoEspecie: V. flavifronsVieillot, 1808Distribución Distribución geográfica del vireo gorjiamarillo.      En temporada reproductiva      Pasaje migratorio …

كاثرين بيرنت   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 8 مايو 1918  أوكلاند  الوفاة 12 مايو 1994 (76 سنة)   مكان الدفن مقبرة كركاتا[1]  مواطنة أستراليا نيوزيلندا  الزوج رونالد بيرنت (26 أبريل 1941–)[1]  الحياة العملية المهنة عالمة الإنسان  اللغات الإنجليزية  الجوائز زمالة أك

National Atmospheric Research LaboratoryFormer namesNational MST Radar FacilityTypeResearch InstitutionEstablished1992DirectorA.K. PatraLocationTirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India13°27′25″N 79°10′30″E / 13.457°N 79.175°E / 13.457; 79.175Websitewww.narl.gov.in The National Atmospheric Research Laboratory(NARL) is an autonomous Research Institute funded by the Department of Space of the Government of India.[1] NARL is engaged in fundamental and applied resea…

H.Rahmat SantosoS.H., M.H. Wakil Bupati Blitar ke-5PetahanaMulai menjabat 26 Februari 2021PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurKhofifah Indar ParawansaBupatiRini SyarifahPendahuluMarhaenis Urip Widodo Informasi pribadiLahir17 Mei 1978 (umur 45)Surabaya, Jawa TimurKebangsaanIndonesiaPartai politik  PANSuami/istriVenina PuspasariAnak2Alma materUniversitas Merdeka Surabaya Universitas Hang TuahPekerjaanPengusaha, PolitikusSunting kotak info • L • B H. Rahmat Santoso, S.H.…

Artikel ini memiliki beberapa masalah. Tolong bantu memperbaikinya atau diskusikan masalah-masalah ini di halaman pembicaraannya. (Pelajari bagaimana dan kapan saat yang tepat untuk menghapus templat pesan ini) Artikel atau bagian mungkin perlu ditulis ulang agar sesuai dengan standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat membantu memperbaikinya. Halaman pembicaraan dari artikel ini mungkin berisi beberapa saran. Topik artikel ini mungkin tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan umum. Harap penuhi kelayakan a…

Para otras personas del mismo nombre, véase Constanza de Sicilia. Constanza I de Sicilia Enrique VI y Constanza de Sicilia (del Liber ad Honorem Augusti de Pedro de Éboli, 1196). Emperatriz consorte del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico 14 de abril de 1191-28 de septiembre de 1197Predecesor Beatriz de BorgoñaSucesor Beatriz de Suabia Reina titular de Sicilia 1194-27 de noviembre de 1198Predecesor Guillermo IIISucesor Federico II Reina consorte de romanos Información personalNacimiento 2 de nov…

本表是動態列表,可能永遠無法完結。歡迎您參考可靠來源來查漏補缺。 此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2019年3月13日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 此条目或章节需要時常更新。內容可能會隨著時間而有所變化或進展。未有可靠来源的臆測內容可能會被移除。若您發現有尚未更…

Tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape at the top For other uses, see Obelisk (disambiguation). For other monumental, upright, inscribed and sculpted stones, see Stele. One of the two Luxor Obelisks, on the Place de la Concorde in Paris; a red granite monolithic column, 23 metres (75 feet) high, including the base, which weighs over 250 metric tons (280 short tons). An obelisk (/ˈɒbəlɪsk/; from Ancient Greek: ὀβελίσκος obeliskos;[1] …

Czech historian and lawyer (1733–1793) Josef Vratislav MonseBorn(1733-06-15)June 15, 1733Nové Město na Moravě, MoraviaDiedFebruary 6, 1793(1793-02-06) (aged 59)Olomouc, MoraviaAlma materCharles UniversityUniversity of ViennaScientific careerFieldsLaw, state theory, history, Czech languageInstitutionsUniversity of OlomoucDoctoral advisorPaul Joseph von Riegger Josef Vratislav Monse (June 15, 1733 – February 6, 1793) was a Moravian lawyer and historian. He was a leading enlightenm…

Citroën World Touring Car TeamFounded2013Team principal(s)Yves MattonCurrent seriesWorld Touring Car ChampionshipNoted drivers Yvan Muller Sébastien Loeb Ma Qing Hua José María LópezTeams'Championships2014, 2015, 2016Drivers'Championships2014, 2015, 2016 (López)Websitehttp://www.citroenracing.com/en Citroën's drivers got a 1-2-3 positions at the 2014 WTCC drivers championship, with 17 wins out of 23 races (74% of victories). The Citroën World Touring Car Team was the Citroën factory tou…

North-south avenue in Manhattan, New York City Template:Attached KML/Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)KML is from Wikidata Ninth AvenueColumbus Avenue (59th–110th Streets)Morningside Drive (north of 110th Street)The avenue in Hell's KitchenOwnerCity of New YorkMaintained byNYCDOTLength5.7 mi (9.2 km)[1]LocationManhattan, New York CitySouth endGreenwich StreetNorth endBroadway above West 220th Street in Inwood, ManhattanEastEighth Avenue (below 59th Street)Central Park West (…

South Korean bank Kookmin BankTypeSubsidiaryFounded1 November 1963; 60 years ago (1963-11-01)HeadquartersSeoul, South KoreaKey peopleHur Yin, (CEO)ProductsFinancial servicesNumber of employees26,000ParentKB Financial GroupKorean nameHangul국민은행Hanja國民銀行Revised RomanizationGukmin/Gungmin EunhaengMcCune–ReischauerKukmin Ŭnhaeng Websiteomoney.kbstar.com Kookmin Bank (Korean: 국민은행) or KB Kookmin Bank is among four of the largest banks ranked by as…

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: 神奈川県道32号藤沢鎌倉線 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2012年8月) 主要地方道 路線延長 6.0 km 起…

Fordyce and Princeton RailroadOverviewHeadquartersCrossett, ArkansasReporting markFPLocaleArkansasDates of operation1890–2023TechnicalTrack gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge The Fordyce and Princeton Railroad Company (reporting mark FP) was a short-line railroad headquartered in Crossett, Arkansas. F&P operated 57 miles (92 km) of line from Fordyce, Arkansas (where it interchanged with Union Pacific), to an interchange with Arkansas, Louisiana …

Liga Nusantara Sulawesi Selatan 2014Liga Nusantara Asprov PSSI Sulawesi Selatan 2014Logo Liga Nusantara IndonesiaNegara IndonesiaTanggal penyelenggaraan2014Jumlah peserta25 tim sepak bolaJuaraTidak ada2016 → Liga Nusantara Sulawesi Selatan 2014 adalah edisi pertama dari Liga Nusantara Sulawesi Selatan yang rencananya diselenggarakan oleh Asprov PSSI Sulawesi Selatan. Kompetisi ini merupakan kasta atau level ketiga dalam sistem persepakbolaan Indonesia pasca peleburan kompetisi Divisi I, Divisi…

Region in the far Northwestern US This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2016) Most common religious affiliations (or lack thereof) in the 48 contiguous U.S. states, based on the American Religious Identification Survey. States in gray have no religion as the most common affiliation. The Unchurched Belt is a region in the far Northwestern United States that has low rates of religious participation. The …

Sociological theory The Apotheosis of Washington, on the ceiling of the capitol rotunda. George Washington is shown as having ascended to a divine status. American civil religion is a sociological theory that a nonsectarian quasi-religious faith exists within the United States with sacred symbols drawn from national history. Scholars have portrayed it as a cohesive force, a common set of values that foster social and cultural integration. The ritualistic elements of ceremonial deism found in Ame…

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (June 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This …

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya

Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.138.113.68