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Astragalus mongholicus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Genus:	Astragalus
Species:	A. mongholicus
Binomial name
	Astragalus mongholicus; Bunge
Synonyms
	Astragalus borealimongolicus Y.Z.Zhao ; Astragalus membranaceus var. mandshuricus Nakai, not validly publ. ; Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K.Hsiao ; Astragalus membranaceus f. propinquus (Schischk.) Kitag. ; Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge, nom. cons. ; Astragalus mongholicus var. dahuricus (Fisch. ex DC.) Podlech ; Astragalus penduliflorus var. dahuricus (Fisch. ex DC.) X.Y.Zhu ; Astragalus penduliflorus var. mongholicus (Bunge) X.Y.Zhu ; Astragalus propinquus var. glaber Vydrina, no type. ; Astragalus propinquus Schischk. ; Astragalus purdomii N.D.Simpson ; Phaca abbreviata Ledeb. ; Phaca alpina var. dahurica Fisch. ex DC. ; Phaca macrostachys Turcz. ; Phaca membranacea Fisch. ex Link, nom. nud. ; Tragacantha membranacea (Fisch. ex Bunge) Kuntze ; Tragacantha mongholica (Bunge) Kuntze ;

Astragalus mongholicus, synonyms including Astragalus propinquus and Astragalus membranaceus,^[1] commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch in English;^[2] 'Хунчир' in Mongolian; huáng qí (Chinese: 黃芪), běi qí (Chinese: 北芪) or huáng huā huáng qí (Chinese: 黃花黃耆),^[3] in Mongolia, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Mongolian medicine.^[4] It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.^[5]

Distribution

A. mongholicus is widespread in temperate Asia, being found in Kazakhstan, from Siberia to the Russian Far East, in Mongolia, and in west and north China.^[1]

Herbalism

A. mongholicus is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).^[6] A. mongholicus is a component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis,^[7] though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness.^[8]

Chemistry

Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides and triterpenoids (such as astragalosides),^[9] as well as isoflavones (including kumatakenin, calycosin, and formononetin) and their glycosides and malonates.^[10] It contains the saponin cycloastragenol.

Toxicology

While several other species of Astragalus are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to indolizine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, and accumulated selenium,^[11] none of these constituents have been detected in Astragalus mongholicus used in dietary supplements and TCM preparations.^[12]

Compendial status

A. mongholicus is listed (as A. propinquus) in the following official pharmacopoeia:

Japanese Pharmacopoeia^[13]

Notes and references

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Astragalus mongholicus Bunge". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
^ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 368. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
^ Joe Hing Kwok Chu. "Huang qi". Complementary and Alternative Healing University. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ "Astragalus membranaceus – Moench". Plants for a Future.
^ "Astragalus propinquus Schischkin". LegumeWeb. International Legume Database & Information Service. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ Block, Keith I.; Mead, Mark N. (1 September 2003). "Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review". Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2 (3): 247–267. doi:10.1177/1534735403256419. PMID 15035888. S2CID 21465896.
^ Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, Plavec D, Pecanic S, Tudoric N (2010). "Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis". Phytother Res. 24 (2): 175–81. doi:10.1002/ptr.2877. PMID 19504468. S2CID 46201817.
^ Guo, Ruoling; Pittler, Max H.; Ernst, Edzard (December 2007). "Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 99 (6): 483–495. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4. PMID 18219828.
^ Xu, Q.; Ma, X.; Liang, X. (2007). "Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of Astragalus spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 18 (5): 419–427. Bibcode:2007PChAn..18..419X. doi:10.1002/pca.997. PMID 17624885.
^ Lin, L. Z.; He, X. G.; Lindenmaier, M.; Nolan, G.; Yang, J.; Cleary, M.; Qiu, S. X.; Cordell, G. A. (2000). "Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of Astragalus mongholicus and A. membranaceus". Journal of Chromatography A. 876 (1–2): 87–95. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00149-7. PMID 10823504.
^ Rios, J. L.; Waterman, P. G. (1997). "A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus". Phytotherapy Research. 11 (6): 411–418. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6. S2CID 84850794.
^ "Astragalus". WebMD.
^ Japanese Pharmacopoeia (PDF) (15th ed.). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.