The organization started as a branch of HYDRA founded by Baron Strucker.[4] Its most notable creations include the Cosmic Cube, Super-Adaptoid, and MODOK, who has been depicted as a prominent member of A.I.M. and sometimes the organization's leader.[5]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2009)
A.I.M. debuted in Strange Tales #146 (July 1966), created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.[6] It is revealed to be a branch of the organization known as THEM in Strange Tales #147 (August 1966). A large organization was mentioned in Strange Tales #142 (March 1966) and depicted in Tales of Suspense #78 (June 1966) a few months earlier. It is later revealed in Strange Tales #149 (October 1966) that THEM is also a parent organization to the Secret Empire and is a new incarnation of the previously dissolved HYDRA.
Organization
A.I.M. is described as an organization of scientists and their hirelings dedicated to the acquisition of power and overthrowing of all the world's governments through science and technology. Its leadership traditionally consists of the seven-member Board of Directors (formerly known as the Imperial Council) with a rotating chairperson. Under the Directors in the hierarchy are various division supervisors, and under them are the technicians and salesmen/dealers.
The organization supplies arms and technology to various terrorist and subversive organizations to foster a violent technological revolution and to generate profit. A.I.M. operatives are usually involved in research, development, manufacturing, and sales of technology. Members of A.I.M. are required to have at least a master's degree, if not a PhD, in an area of science, mathematics, or business.
Over all of its appearances, A.I.M. has produced three major implements of deadly potential. The greatest of these is the Cosmic Cube, a device capable of altering reality.[7] However, A.I.M. does not realize that the cube is merely a containment device, in which the real power is an entity accidentally drawn into their dimension. The Cosmic Cube eventually evolves into Kubik. Their second achievement is the Super-Adaptoid, an android capable of mimicking the appearance and superpowers of other beings, which is made possible by incorporating a sliver of the Cosmic Cube into its form. When Kubik recovers the sliver after defeating the Adaptoid, the android is rendered inanimate. A.I.M.'s third major achievement is the creation of MODOK (Mental Organism Designed Only for Killing), an artificially mutated human with an enormous head accompanied by a massive computational brain and psionic abilities.[8] MODOK is originally an A.I.M. scientist named George Tarleton, who is selected by A.I.M.'s leader at the time, the Scientist Supreme, to be the subject of the bionic and genetic experiments that turn him into MODOK.[7][9] After his transformation, MODOK kills the Scientist Supreme and takes control of A.I.M., later taking advantage of the chaos within HYDRA following HYDRA Island's destruction and the deaths of Baron Strucker and most of HYDRA's leading members to sever all of A.I.M.'s ties with HYDRA. A.I.M. has remained independent ever since.
A.I.M. has made developments in fields such as advanced weaponry (plasma blasters, cryo-cannons, anti-charge bazookas, paralyzer rays, q-bombs, sonatrons), robots (synthoids, Adaptoids, robot duplicates, giant robots, etc.), cyborgs, artificial lifeforms, biological viruses (Omega Bacillus, Virus X), radio wave-transmitted "broadcast power," and mind control, cloaking, and teleportation technology. Its agents use a variety of submarines, hovercraft, jets, ships, and other vehicles. A.I.M. has also attempted to recreate versions of MODOK, including transforming Dr. Katherine Waynesboro into Ms. MODOK[10] and creating SODAM[11] (later revamped as MODAM).[12] Since A.I.M's establishment as an exotic arms dealer,[12] members have access to whatever exotic weaponry available in its warehouses.
A.I.M.'s leaders traditionally wear yellow three-piece business suits. Technical supervisors wear yellow jumpsuits, skull-caps, and goggles. The organization is known for the "beekeeper"-like outfits of its underlings since their first appearance.
The Livewires member Cornfed wears an A.I.M. uniform. He also wears a button referencing "The Real A.I.M".
Fictional organization history
A.I.M.'s origins begin late in World War II with Baron Wolfgang von Strucker's creation of HYDRA. Under the code name THEM, he creates two HYDRA branches called Advanced Idea Mechanics and the Secret Empire. A.I.M.'s purpose is to develop advanced weaponry for HYDRA. It is close to developing and attaining nuclear weapons when HYDRA Island is invaded by American and Japanese troops. Although HYDRA suffers a major setback, it survives and grows in secret over the following decades.
A.I.M. has numerous encounters with various superheroes and supervillains and is the subject of ongoing undercover investigations by S.H.I.E.L.D. It is responsible for reviving the Red Skull from suspended animation.[13] An A.I.M. android factory in a Florida swamp is raided by S.H.I.E.L.D., which also involves Count Bornag Royale due to a weapons deal negotiation.[14] A.I.M. then raids S.H.I.E.L.D.'s New York City headquarters.[15] As a result of these events, Royale is discredited, and A.I.M.'s headquarters are destroyed.[16]
A.I.M. employs Batroc the Leaper to recover an explosive compound called Inferno 42[17] and dispatches a chemical android against Nick Fury and Captain America.[18] A.I.M. also dispatches their special agent, the Cyborg, against Captain America.[19] A.I.M. is involved in a skirmish with the Maggia and its "Big M".[20] A.I.M. also captures Iron Man in an attempt to analyze and replicate his armor.[21] MODOK and A.I.M. are responsible for transforming Betty Ross briefly into the gamma-irradiated bird-woman called the Harpy.[22] A.I.M. dispatches their special agent the Destructor to capture Ms. Marvel.[23]
For a time, a schism develops within A.I.M., causing it to split into Blue and Yellow factions (the former loyal to MODOK, the latter independent from him). These factions battle each other,[24] with MODOK and the Blue faction employing Deathbird as an operative.[25] A.I.M. captures the Thing and Namor to test Virus X on them.[26] The Blue faction later makes an attempt to recapture the Cosmic Cube.[27] A second battle occurs between the rival factions,[28] but since then factions no longer seem to be active within A.I.M.
A.I.M. hires the Serpent Society to kill MODOK, which they do successfully.[29] A.I.M. is responsible for a jet attack on the West Coast Avengers compound[30] and then takes over Boca Caliente[31] and unleashes a microbe aboard the Stark space satellite.[32] A.I.M. also sends an agent to attempt to confiscate the quantum-bands given to Quasar.[33]
The organization is revealed to have become a 'techno-anarchist' group with no connection to HYDRA and a hatred for fascism. With the introduction of Death's Head 3.0, a pacifist version of the organization with a new leader is promised.[34]
A.I.M. creates the pocket dimension of Earth-13584 by using an obtained sliver of time to alter certain events so they can obtain technology from various individuals. They do this by exploiting the fluidity of time brought on by Kang the Conqueror manipulating the past. This lasts until the Dark Avengers end up in the new reality, causing it to collapse. The Dark Avengers are able to get out before the pocket dimension collapses.[36]
When the Secret Avengers recruit Taskmaster after freeing him from Bagalia, they send him to infiltrate the new High Council of A.I.M. which consists of Andrew Forson, Graviton, Jude the Entropic Man, Mentallo, Superia, and Yelena Belova.[37] Forson then leads A.I.M. to a weapons expo, where A.I.M. fights the Secret Avengers. During the battle, Forson steals the Iron Patriot armor.[38]
Daisy Johnson launches an unsanctioned operation sending the Secret Avengers to A.I.M. Island to assassinate Forson. Johnson is suspended for breaking protocol and Maria Hill is put in charge of S.H.I.E.L.D. again. Forson is revealed to still be alive and A.I.M. becomes a new permanent member of the Security Council.[39]
In Avengers World, using an unidentified device, Forson and A.I.M. accelerate the flow of time within the limits of A.I.M. Island, creating a year of progress in the real world within hours and transforming A.I.M. into a technologically advanced empire.[40]
A.I.M. has a more violent offshoot, Advanced Ideas of Destruction (A.I.D.); the two competing organizations are major antagonists of Captain America in the mid-2000s.[41]
During the "All-New, All-Different Marvel" branding, it is revealed that the A.I.M. members that fled when Sunspot bought out A.I.M. have been taken in by Maker and work for his organization W.H.I.S.P.E.R. (World Headquarters for International Scientific Philosophical Experimentation and Research) to reshape the world.[42]
After Sunspot leaves A.I.M., Toni Ho succeeds him and allows the rogue A.I.M. cells to reclaim their acronym, as Ho has her organization rebranded as R.E.S.C.U.E.[43]
During the "Gang War" storyline, Crime Master mentions that he has allied with A.I.M. for the upcoming gang war as an A.I.M. Agent is with him at the meeting with the other crime lords.[44] Some A.I.M. Agents accompanied Crime Master in his fight against Ringmaster and his hypnotized civilians. Both sides were defeated by Spider-Man's group with the hypnotized civilians freed from Ringmaster's control. Spider-Man called up Mayor Luke Cage to arrange for the villains to be picked up and processed.[45] Some of the A.I.M. Agents that avoided capture were recruited to Madame Masque's side.[46] In a flashback, some A.I.M. Agents working for Madame Masque were briefly seen fighting Big Ben Donovan's gang.[47] Some A.I.M. Agents accompanied Madame Masque and a mind-controlled Shotgun, Count Nefaria, Silvermane, and Owl in fighting Janice Lincoln's group in Central Park. The A.I.M. Agents were among those that were defeated by Spider-Man and his allies.[48] Some of the straggling A.I.M. Agents were later defeated by Elektra's Daredevil appearance and left for the police.[49]
Heroic offshoots
Avengers Idea Mechanics
During the Time Runs Out storyline, Sunspot reveals that he bought A.I.M and used their resources to investigate incursions threatening reality. Heroes working as part of Avengers Idea Mechanics include Hawkeye, Squirrel Girl, Songbird, Wiccan, Hulkling, White Tiger, Power Man and Pod. Sunspot reveals he has fired much of higher management. Many heroes working in the primary Avengers team, such as Thor and Hyperion, work side by side with A.I.M.[50] When they create a machine to propel individuals across the Multiverse, some of the heroes who were helping A.I.M. offer themselves for a one-way trip to find the origin of the incursions threatening all reality.[51]
Following the fight against Maker, Sunspot meets with the government and they make plans to merge Avengers Idea Mechanics with the U.S. government. At the same time, Avengers Idea Mechanics defeats A.I.M's splinter groups.[52]
American Intelligence Mechanics
The merger between the U.S. government and Avengers Idea Mechanics results in the formation of American Intelligence Mechanics.[53] Since Da Costa had turned the organization into a force for good, rogue cells exist fighting for A.I.M.'s original goals on behalf of their former leaders, Andrew Forson and Monica Rappaccini. To tackle the nuisances caused by these cells, Da Costa's successor Toni Ho lets them reclaim the organization's acronym, while rebranding her own organization into R.E.S.C.U.E.[43]
Splinter groups
These AIM splinter cells have appeared in various issues:
Kenjiro Tanaka[65] – Former S.H.I.E.L.D. agent who trained alongside Wendell Vaughn. Infiltrates IDIC and stays on as an employee after the break-up of SHIELD. Leaves to join Vaughn Securities and is promoted to partner and eventually CEO due to Vaughan spending less time on Earth.
Monica Rappaccini[70] – Mother of Carmilla Black, Scientist Supreme, and an Italian national. PhD in biochemistry from the University of Padua. Develops poisons for the Black Orchestra and A.I.M.. Seeks to reestablish contact with her daughter.
George Tarleton a.k.a. MODOK (Mental Organism Designed Only for Killing)[71] – Former A.I.M. scientist and current leader of A.I.M. as Scientist Supreme. Mutated by George Clinton and driven insane by energies present at the creation of Earth's first Cosmic Cube. Was originally supposed to be called MODOC (Mental Organism Designed Only for Computing). Father of Head Case (Sean Madigan).
High Council of A.I.M.
Andrew Forson – Supreme Leader of the High Council of A.I.M.[37][72]
Valdemar Tykkio[30] – Scientist Supreme. Institutes a takeover of Boca Caliente. Brother of Yorgon Tykkio.
Wolfgang von Strucker (Baron Strucker)[76] – Nazi founder of HYDRA.
Alvin Tarleton[77] – George Tarleton's father and one of the original founders of A.I.M. Got George a job with the organization as a custodian, then authorized his transformation into MODOK. Driven out by MODOK and forced to hide in the fake suburb of Butterville, Ohio. MODOK begins malfunctioning and experiencing false memories, which Tarleton uses to lure him to his base so he can capture him and reset his brain, hoping to repeat their initial experiment with more successful results. MODOK kills him by activating his Uru phone before the mind wipe can be completed and uploading his consciousness onto the phone so he can "swipe left" on him.
Arthur Shaman[82] – Hypnotist. Kidnaps Michael Barnett and attempts to force the Hulk to kill Ms. Marvel.
B'Tumba[83] – Wakandan, son of N'Baza, an old friend of T'Challa. Allies with A.I.M. to sell vibranium. Sacrifices his life to save T'Challa from A.I.M.
Bernard Worrell[27] – Member of A.I.M.'s Blue Faction. Former apprentice of George Clinton. Leads the capture of the Cosmic Cube/Kubik, but is unable to control it once it begins its metamorphosis into Kubik.
Carl Alexis Lombardi[87] – Seeks Uni-Power. Kills David Garrett when he has outlived his usefulness. Confesses after being captured by Daredevil.
Clete Billups[88] – Infiltrates S.H.I.E.L.D. Kills his "partners" to steal the body of Protocide. Duped by Captain America and Sharon Carter into leading them to A.I.M.'s headquarters.
Clytemnestra Erwin[89] – Infiltrates Stark Enterprises to gain revenge on Tony Stark for causing the death of her brother Morley. Killed by an out-of-control A.I.M. missile.[90]
Commander Robert Cypher[81] – Seeks technology to take control of nuclear missiles.
David Garrett[87] – Ally of A.I.M. Funds Gilbert Wiles to monitor his tracking of the Uni-Power. Slain by Lombardi after outliving his usefulness.[87]
Destructor (Kerwin Korman)[23] – Former premier weapons-maker. Stumbles upon and unleashes the power core of Kree Psyche-Magnitron. Built into the Doomsday Man by A.I.M. technicians and used as its power source. Discovered and freed by Avengers. Requires continued connection to the remnants of the Doomsday Man for life support.
Doomsday Man[92] – Virtually indestructible robot created by Dr. Kronton to steal cobalt bombs and blackmail the U.S. Initially defeated by Silver Surfer, later revived by Kree Psyche-Magnitron. Battled and destroyed by Ms. Marvel, rebuilt by A.I.M. and merged with Kerwin Korman, whom it used as a power source. Battles Avengers, seeks Warbird as replacement when Kerwin begins to weaken. Destroyed by Justice, remnants used as life support for Korman.
Dr. Cristiano Ryder[93] – Poses as a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent to regain control of Android X-4.
Dr. Ralph Rider[94] – Brother of Charles Rider, uncle of Richard and Robert Rider. Leading research scientist until killed by Photon (Jason Dean).[94]
Grizzly[97] – A.I.M. agent R-1. Used by MODOK in a plot to capture atomic scientist Paul Fosgrave. Not to be confused with the Spider-Man enemy or Cable's deceased teammate.
Jethro Prufrock[103] – Father of George and Martha Prufock. Perennial right-wing Libertarian candidate for president and a staunch advocate of arms-stockpiling. Slain by a mutated George.[103]
Julia Black[70] – Adoptive mother of Carmilla Black. Former ties to Symbionese Liberation Army. Currently deceased.[70]
Lifeform (George Prufrock)[103] – Mutated into a progressively larger carnivorous creature by exposure to an experimental virus developed by his father, Jethro Prufock, at A.I.M.
MODAM (Olinka Barankova)[69] – Creation of A.I.M. whose name is an acronym for Mobile Organism Designed for Aggressive Maneuvers. Also operates under the names "Maria Pym" and SODAM (Specialized Organism Designed for Aggressive Maneuvers). Killed by MODOK.[104]
Wakers[101] – A.I.M. deep penetration agents under the leadership of Scorpion (Carmilla Black) and four others. Genetically engineered to resist all chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons,
Lars Branco[115] – Waker agent. Currently deceased.
Warbot[82] – A.I.M. weapon. Used by Arthur Shaman to capture the Hulk to use against Ms. Marvel. Destroyed by Ms. Marvel.
Yorgon Tykkio[30] – Brother of Valdemar. Becomes a cyborg and leads a revolt against his brother's rule. Controls the body of MODOK and destroys it after he is defeated in battle against Iron Man. Allies with Clytemnestra Erwin against Iron Man. Killed by Clytemnestra when she is attempting to flee from him.[116]
Avengers/American Idea Mechanics members
Roberto da Costa - Supreme Leader following his acquisition and buying out of A.I.M.'s faculties.
Dr. Toni Ho - Scientist and engineer whose work emulates Stark's Iron Man designs. Becomes the second Rescue and later the third Iron Patriot.
Screen Rant included A.I.M. in their "Marvel: The 10 Most Powerful Henchmen In The Comics" list.[117]Comic Book Resources ranked A.I.M. 7th in their "10 Most Powerful Secret Organizations In Marvel Comics" list,[118] and 10th in their "10 Most Evil Teams In Marvel" list.[119]
Impact
Both A.I.M. and Hydra first appeared in the 1960s as analogues for the threat of Communism,[citation needed] but are also associated with Nazism and resemble organizations fought by Captain America in World War II. Political science professor Matthew J. Costello has pointed out that this conflation of communism and Nazism removes ambiguity from the threat and thus from America's moral superiority in the comics.[120] In contrast, in the post-9/11 context of Iron Man 3, Pepper says of Extremis' war profiteering, "That's exactly what [Stark Industries] used to do."[121] Whereas immediately after 9/11 Captain America was concerned with Islamic terrorism, by 2005–2007 he was primarily engaged with homegrown terrorists: A.I.M. and A.I.D.[41]
A future (2020) version of A.I.M is featured heavily in the Marvel UK limited series Death's Head II. This future organisation creates the cyborg Minion, which is later taken over by the personality of Death's Head. A.I.M's representative Evelyn Necker became a popular character in the ongoing series that followed.
In Amazing Fantasy #16–20, set further in the same future, A.I.M is on the verge of making peace with the UN, when a renegade A.I.M. scientist unleashes Death's Head 3.0 on the peace conference.
In the Marvel Adventures version of Iron Man, A.I.M., through the use of dummy companies, acquires Stark International's hover platform and uni-beam technology in their invasion of Madripoor, a fictional country. Gia-Bao Yinsen tries to tell the world about A.I.M.'s terrorist attacks on his country, but his message is dismissed. During Tony Stark's test of his new solar-powered glider, A.I.M. causes him to crash on their artificial island. Stark's heart is damaged, and A.I.M. forces him to build an EMP weapon for A.I.M.'s forces to finish their conquest of Madripoor, in exchange for A.I.M. repairing his heart. Stark learns that Yinsen was also kidnapped, as A.I.M. wants to prevent him from telling the world about their attacks on his country and to use his intellect to build technology for A.I.M. Similar to Iron Man's main Marvel Universe origin, Yinsen and Stark both build armor to escape. However, Yinsen destroys the generator powering the island in order to save his homeland. The explosion kills Yinsen, but Stark lives and becomes Iron Man to prevent people like A.I.M. from committing evil against innocents. Here, the Supreme Scientist is a black-haired woman who is extremely brilliant. In addition, the uniforms that A.I.M. uses are orange suits. However, the Supreme Scientist wears black clothing in a style similar to Darth Vader.
Ultimate Marvel
In the Ultimate X4 mini-series, A.I.M. commissions Mad Thinker to steal Cerebro from the X-Men and frame the Fantastic Four, as seen.[124] The miniseries Ultimate Vision introduces A.I.M. as composed of several directorates spread across the globe, with George Tarleton as an A.I.M. leader on an orbiting research facility. Tarleton and his team attempt to take control of a Gah Lak Tus module that is left behind in orbit after the swarm is driven away. Being unable to do so on their own, they lure Vision to the station to help them by claiming they will use the knowledge to order the Gah Lak Tus swarm to self-destruct. Once the cyborg Tarleton connects to the module using Vision, he has the module fire an energy beam at her. Tarleton then incorporates the Gah Lak Tus' circuitry into his own body, but it takes him over, transforming him into a machine with a monstrous appearance. He takes over the entire station remotely and sets it to plummet out of orbit, along with the Gah Lak Tus module, which he says has "unfinished business on Earth."[125] Ultimately, Tarleton is broken free of the module's control and helps Vision and the Falcon, Dr. Samuel Wilson, in destroying the module.[126]
Though they go unnamed, a group of A.I.M. agents make a cameo in a flashback in the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends episode "The X-Men Adventure".[citation needed] They attack the lab where Firestar and Nathan Price worked at before the latter becomes the villain Cyberiad.
A.I.M. appears in Iron Man in the second-season episodes "Cell of Iron" and "Not far From the Tree."[citation needed]
A.I.M. appears in Spider-Man.[citation needed] In the episode "School of Hard Knocks", A.I.M. uses an elite boarding school called the Bilderberg Academy as a front for Monica Rappaccini to experiment on students and grant them the combined powers of the captured Captain America, Captain Marvel, and Hulk. Spider-Man and Ms. Marvel infiltrate Bilderberg Academy and undo Rappaccini's experiments while Iron Man and Black Widow capture the A.I.M. agents present. In the episode "A Troubled Mind", A.I.M. steals three mental projection devices and combines them with their robotics to create MODOK, only for both to be defeated by the Superior Spider-Man, Iron Man, Black Widow, and Ms. Marvel. In the episode "Amazing Friends", A.I.M. collaborates with Baron Mordo to capture Groot and use him as a template for wood golems, only to be stopped by Spider-Man, Miles Morales, Ironheart, Doctor Strange, and the Totally Awesome Hulk.
A.I.M. appears in M.O.D.O.K.[130] This version is entirely founded and led by MODOK, although he eventually causes the organization to go bankrupt and allows the rival company GRUMBL to buy it out. Throughout the series, MODOK continually schemes to reclaim his position as A.I.M.'s leader and eliminate GRUMBL CEO Austin Van Der Sleet, although these attempts continually end in failure and lead to him being demoted and replaced by Monica Rappaccini as Scientist Supreme. Meanwhile, Van Der Sleet uses A.I.M.'s resources and technology to further the plans of his superior, Hexus, the Living Corporation. By the end of the first season, MODOK sells his A.I.M. shares to Iron Man, enabling him to buy out A.I.M. from GRUMBL, while MODOK, Rappaccini, and A.I.M. subordinate Gary go on to establish A-I-M-2 independently.[131]
A.I.M. appears in the 2008 Iron Man film tie-in game. They work with Obadiah Stane to develop an army of Iron Men based on Tony Stark's original prototype suit. Although their attempts to develop an effective power source fail, they are able to create Titanium Man. However, Iron Man defeats him before thwarting A.I.M.'s attempt to generate power using a solar collection satellite grid.[134]
A.I.M. appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes.[citation needed] Led by MODOK, they are among the supervillains that ally themselves with Doctor Doom. Iron Man, Thor, and Spider-Man track Doom aboard an A.I.M. submarine, where they defeat MODOK and his agents.
A.I.M., hybridized with Resident Evil's Umbrella Corporation to create "A.I.M.brella", appears as a stage in Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite. Unlike other fused locations, which were created by UltronSigma after they fused their respective universes together, A.I.M.brella is the result of a company merger, as both A.I.M. and Umbrella are led by evil scientists who choose to pool their resources.[135]
A.I.M. is referenced in Spider-Man, providing funding to Otto Octavius when the city rescinds his development grant.[136]
A.I.M. appears in Marvel's Avengers.[137] Founded by Dr. George Tarleton after the events of "A-Day", this version is a powerful multinational corporation made to protect the world through science as opposed to "fallible" heroes. They also develop robotic synthoids for public service duties, security forces, and to manage the growing population of Inhumans. Five years after A-Day, A.I.M. has established a police state in the U.S. Additionally, a young Inhuman named Kamala Khan discovers that the company's leaders are experimenting on Inhumans rather than curing them and harvesting their powers to create an army of Adaptoids to replace the Avengers. After that, a warped Tarleton, now MODOK, intends to wipe out all Inhumans and superpowers on Earth with DARK Terrigen mist, but he is defeated by Khan and the Avengers. After he is presumed dead, Monica Rappaccini assumes control of A.I.M. and its assets. Realizing that the company is still an active threat, the Avengers partner with S.H.I.E.L.D. to locate and take out A.I.M.'s remaining facilities around the world.[138]
^ abJohn P. Doucet, "Chapter One: On the Design of Mental Organisms", in: Marie Hendry and Jennifer Page, eds., Media, Technology and the Imagination, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2013, ISBN978-1-4438-4850-3, pp. 19–20.
^ abChristian Steinmetz, "A Genealogy of Evil: Captain America vs. the Shadows of the National Imagined Community", in: Robert G. Weiner, ed., Captain America and the Struggle of the Superhero: Critical Essays, Jefferson, North Carolina / London: McFarland, 2009, ISBN978-0-7864-3703-0, p. 199.
^Matthew J. Costello, Secret Identity Crisis: Comic Books and the Unmasking of Cold War America, New York: Continuum, 2009, ISBN9780826429971, pp. 70–71.
^ ab"Chapter 5: 'Nothing's been the same since New York': Ideological Continuity and Change in Iron Man 3 and Thor: The Dark World", in: Terence McSweeney, ed., Avengers Assemble!: Critical Perspectives on the Marvel Cinematic Universe, London/New York: Wallflower-Columbia University, 2017, ISBN9780231186254, n.p..
^Towner, Eric and Alex Kramer (director); Geoff Barbanell and Itai Grunfeld (writer) (May 21, 2021). "What Menace Doth the Mailman Deliver!". M.O.D.O.K. Season 1. Episode 9. Hulu.
^Martin Flanagan, Mike McKenny, and Andrew Livingstone, The Marvel Studios Phenomenon: Inside a Transmedia Universe, New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017, ISBN9781501338533, n.p..
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For other uses, see Jérémie (disambiguation). Commune in Grand'Anse, HaitiJérémie JeremiCommuneJérémie (2007)Nickname(s): La Cité des PoètesThe City of Poets[1]JérémieLocation in HaitiCoordinates: 18°39′0″N 74°7′0″W / 18.65000°N 74.11667°W / 18.65000; -74.11667CountryHaitiDepartmentGrand'AnseArrondissementJérémieFounded1756[1]Government • MayorRonald ÉtiennePopulation (2003) • Metro31,000Time zo...
British actor and singer (born 1984) Luke TreadawayTreadaway in Ordeal by Innocence 2018BornLuke Antony Newman Treadaway (1984-09-10) 10 September 1984 (age 39)Exeter, Devon, EnglandAlma materLondon Academy of Music and Dramatic ArtOccupationsActorsingerYears active2005–presentRelativesHarry Treadaway (twin brother) Luke Antony Newman Treadaway[1] (born 10 September 1984) is a British actor and singer. He won an Olivier Award for Best Leading Actor for his performance...
هذه المقالة عن المجموعة العرقية الأتراك وليس عن من يحملون جنسية الجمهورية التركية أتراكTürkler (بالتركية) التعداد الكليالتعداد 70~83 مليون نسمةمناطق الوجود المميزةالبلد القائمة ... تركياألمانياسورياالعراقبلغارياالولايات المتحدةفرنساالمملكة المتحدةهولنداالنمساأسترالي�...
2022 single by Lil Baby DetoxSingle by Lil BabyReleasedSeptember 2, 2022 (2022-09-02)Length2:41Label Quality Control Music Motown Universal Music Group Songwriter(s)Dominique JonesProducer(s) Cubeatz Eza KJ Papamitrou London Jae Lil Baby singles chronology Come Up (2022) Detox (2022) Heyy (2022) Detox is a song by American rapper Lil Baby, released through album through Quality Control Music, Motown, Universal Music Group on September 2, 2022, as a single.[1] In the Uni...
British Liberal politician (1826–1904) His Excellency The Right HonourableThe Earl of NorthbrookGCSI PC FRSThe 1st Earl of Northbrook, c. 1889Lord Lieutenant of HampshireIn office7 November 1890 – 15 November 1904MonarchVictoriaPreceded byThe Lord CarnarvonSucceeded byThe Lord WinchesterViceroy and Governor-General of IndiaIn office3 May 1872 – 12 April 1876MonarchVictoriaPreceded byThe Lord NapierSucceeded byThe Lord LyttonMember of Parliament for Penryn...
Dutch insurance and asset management company This article is about a financial institution. For the user interface firm, see Nielsen Norman Group. For the Cold-War era grouping of European states, see Neutral and Non-Aligned European States. NN Group N.V.Delftse Poort in RotterdamCompany typeNaamloze VennootschapTraded asEuronext Amsterdam: NNAEX componentIndustryInsurance, Asset Management, BankingFounded1963HeadquartersThe Hague, NetherlandsKey peopleDavid Knibbe (CEO)Delfin Rueda (CFO...
تحوي هذه المقالة أو هذا القسم ترجمة آلية. فضلًا، ساهم في تدقيقها وتحسينها أو إزالتها لأنها تخالف سياسات ويكيبيديا. (نقاش) (أبريل 2020) إم بي إي جي-4 بارت 14امتداد الملف القائمة ... mp4، m4a، m4p، m4b، m4r، m4vصيغة وسائط الإنترنت audio/mp4 — video/mp4توقيع الملف/عدد سحري 667479704D34412000000020667479704D344120الم...
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع موريستاون (توضيح). موريستاون الإحداثيات 40°03′46″N 81°04′17″W / 40.0628°N 81.0714°W / 40.0628; -81.0714 [1] تقسيم إداري البلد الولايات المتحدة[2] التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة بلمونت خصائص جغرافية المساحة 1.633388 كيلومتر مربع1.311562 كيلوم...
UFC mixed martial arts event in 2003 UFC 41: OnslaughtThe poster for UFC 41: OnslaughtInformationPromotionUltimate Fighting ChampionshipDateFebruary 28, 2003VenueBoardwalk HallCityAtlantic City, New JerseyAttendance11,707[1]Event chronology UFC 40: Vendetta UFC 41: Onslaught UFC 42: Sudden Impact UFC 41: Onslaught was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on February 28, 2003, at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The event was broadcast l...
سلطان المغرب الـ 18 من العلويين مولاي عبد العزيز سلطان المغرب الـ 18 من العلويين فترة الحكم7 يونيو 1894 إلى 4 يناير 1908 معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1878فاس، المغرب الوفاة 1 يناير 1943 (65 سنة)طنجة، المغرب مواطنة المغرب الأب الحسن الأول بن محمد إخوة وأخوات يوسف بن الحسن، وعبد الحفي�...
Jesuit university in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US Marquette UniversityFormer namesMarquette College (1881–1907)MottoAd maiorem Dei gloriam (Latin)Motto in EnglishFor the greater glory of GodTypePrivate research universityEstablishedAugust 28, 1881; 142 years ago (August 28, 1881)FounderJohn Martin Henni (first Bishop of the diocese of Milwaukee)Religious affiliationCatholic (Jesuit)Academic affiliationsACCUAJCUCUMUNAICUWAICUEndowment$916.8 million (2023)[1]PresidentKim...
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