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Addgene
Founded	2004
Founder	Benjie Chen ; Kenneth Fan ; Melina Fan
Type	Non-profit organization, biological resource center
Location	Watertown, Massachusetts, USA;
Services	Plasmid repository
Key people	Chonnettia Jones, Executive director

Addgene is a non-profit plasmid repository. Addgene facilitates the exchange of genetic material between laboratories by offering plasmids and their associated cloning data to non-profit and academic laboratories around the world. Addgene provides a free online database of plasmid cloning information and references, including lists of commonly used vector backbones, popular lentiviral plasmids, and molecular cloning protocols.

History

Addgene was founded in 2004 by Melina Fan, Kenneth Fan, and Benjie Chen.^[1]^[2]^[3] The repository was founded in recognition of the need for a service to support access to and sharing of DNA-based research materials among the scientific community.^[3]

Operations

Addgene's headquarters are located in Watertown, Massachusetts.

Addgene accepts plasmids from researchers for distribution and archival.

The organization covers the operating costs of maintaining and improving the collection by charging a nominal fee to scientists requesting plasmids.^[4]^[5]

Plasmid repository

As of 2014 Addgene's repository comprised 30,000 plasmids, deposited by 1,700 labs.^[6] As of 2024, the collection had grown to a size of over 147,000 plasmids, and had provided services to over 2 million vectors to over 110 different countries.^[3] Its plasmid collection contains plasmids used for functions such as genome engineering (including CRISPRS), gene expression, shRNA knockdown, viral-mediated gene delivery, detection of miRNA and promoter activity. The plasmid collection includes:

Genome engineering
- CRISPRs
- Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) kits
- Zinc finger nuclease kits
Empty backbones
- Species-specific expression
- Epitope tags
- Fusion proteins
- Selectable markers
- Fluorescent marker
Viral vectors
- Retroviral/Lentiviral
- Adenoviral
- AAV
cDNA expression
shRNA expression

Tools and guides

Molecular biology tools

Vector Database—A curated list of over 4,000 vector backbones, including relevant cloning information and bacterial growth conditions.

Sequence Analyzer—An Addgene software tool for creating plasmid maps from sequences with annotated features and restriction sites.

Molecular Biology Reference—A collection of references for molecular biology reagents, such as primers, restriction enzymes and antibiotic concentrations.

Plasmid Cloning Guides

Molecular Cloning Guides—References to help scientists design plasmid cloning experiments, including tutorials on restriction enzyme digestion and PCR-based cloning.

Molecular Cloning Protocols—Specific protocols for a variety of plasmid cloning techniques, such as isolation of bacterial colonies, DNA purification by gel electrophoresis and bacterial transformation.

Collaborations

Addgene collaborates with institutes and consortia to curate plasmid collections for specific purposes. Examples of these collaborations include special collections from the Structural Genomics Consortium, Zinc Finger Consortium, the Cell Migration Consortium, the KLF collection and The Michael J. Fox Foundation.^[7] The plasmids are available to both academic and industry labs.

In 2020, Addgene received funding from Fast Grants to subsidize the cost of reagents for COVID-19 research.^[8]

Depositors

Noteworthy depositors include:^{[citation needed]}

13 Nobel Prize winners; John Gurdon, Shinya Yamanaka, Bruce Beutler, Mario Capecchi, Andrew Fire, Richard Axel, Eric Wieschaus, Phillip Sharp, Robert Lefkowitz, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien, Jennifer Doudna, and Johann Deisenhofer.
8 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences winners; Cori Bargmann, David Botstein, Lewis C. Cantley, Hans Clevers, Titia de Lange, Bert Vogelstein, Robert Weinberg and Shinya Yamanaka.

Electronic Material Transfer Agreements

Addgene requires Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs) for all materials transferred through Addgene to protect the intellectual property of plasmid depositors. Addgene developed one of the first electronic systems for handling MTAs.^[9] By using the standard Universal Biological Material Transfer Agreement (UBMTA) and implementing electronic signatures, Addgene's electronic MTA (eMTA) system expedites the approval process for plasmid orders.

Awards

Addgene won awards for innovation and research including Mass Nonprofit Network Award for excellence in Innovations,^[10]^[11] Cambridge award program 2014 Award for Research & Development Laboratories,^[12] Mass Technology Leadership Award Finalist 2012.^[13]

References

^ Scudellari, Megan (2012). "Sharing Made Easy". The Scientist. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
^ Fan, M; Tsai, J; Chen, B; Fan, K; LaBaer, J (Mar 25, 2005). "A central repository for published plasmids". Science. 307 (5717): 1877. doi:10.1126/science.307.5717.1877a. PMID 15790830.
^ ^a ^b ^c Remmel, Ariana (2024-09-30). "Twenty years of Addgene". Nature. 634 (8032): 254–256. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-03152-4.
^ Kamens, J (2012). "Got any plasmids?" (PDF). Lab Times. pp. 58–59. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
^ Baker, Monya (2014-01-01). "Repositories share key research tools". Nature. 505 (7483): 272–272. doi:10.1038/505272a. ISSN 1476-4687.
^ Baker, Monya. "Repositories share key research tools". Nature.com. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
^ Resende, Patricia (3 October 2012). "Addgene partners with Michael J. Fox Foundation". Mass High Tech. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
^ "Fast Grants". Fast Grants. Archived from the original on 2021-12-23. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
^ Herscovitch, Melanie; Perkins, Eric; Baltus, Andy; Fan, Melina (10 April 2012). "Addgene provides an open forum for plasmid sharing". Nature Biotechnology. 30 (4): 316–317. doi:10.1038/nbt.2177. PMID 22491276.
^ "mass nonprofit network nominates addgene for an excellence award" (PDF). Retrieved 9 May 2014.
^ "mass non-profit, nonprofit award 2013 excellence in innovation finalists". Archived from the original on 2013-09-02. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
^ "cambridge recognition awarding". Retrieved 9 May 2014.
^ "Mass Tech announces finalist". Archived from the original on 17 April 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.