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Nikko fir
	Foliage and cone
Conservation status
	; Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnospermae
Division:	Pinophyta
Class:	Pinopsida
Order:	Pinales
Family:	Pinaceae
Genus:	Abies
Species:	A. homolepis
Binomial name
	Abies homolepis; Siebold & Zucc.

Abies homolepis, also known as the Nikko fir,^[2] is a species of fir native to the mountains of central and southern Honshū and Shikoku, Japan. It grows at altitudes of 700–2,200 m, often in temperate rain forest with high rainfall and cool, humid summers, and heavy winter snowfall.

Description

It is a medium-sized to large evergreen coniferous tree growing to 30–40 m tall with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 m. The leaves are needle-like, flattened, 1.5–3.5 cm long and 2–3 mm wide by 0.5 mm thick, glossy green above, and with two white bands of stomata below, and rounded or slightly notched at the tip. The leaf arrangement is spiral on the shoot, but with each leaf variably twisted at the base so they lie partially flattened to either side of and above the shoot, with few below the shoot. The shoots are yellow-buff, glabrous, and often conspicuously grooved. The cones are 6–12 cm long and 3–4 cm broad, purple-blue before maturity; the scale bracts are short, and hidden in the closed cone. The winged seeds are released when the cones disintegrate at maturity about 6–7 months after pollination.^{[citation needed]}

Uses

The wood of Nikko fir is used for general structural timber. Outside Japan, it is grown as an ornamental tree in northern Europe and North America.^{[citation needed]}

It is also a popular forest tree since it is resistant to air pollution.^[3]

References

^ Katsuki, T.; Zhang, D.; Rushforth, K.; Farjon, A. (2013). "Abies homolepis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42288A2969985. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42288A2969985.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^ Rushforth, Keith (1986) [1980]. Bäume [Pocket Guide to Trees] (in German) (2nd ed.). Bern: Hallwag AG. ISBN 3-444-70130-6.