A Certain Scientific Railgun

A Certain Scientific Railgun
Cover of the first volume featuring Kuroko Shirai (left) and Mikoto Misaka
とある科学の超電磁砲レールガン
(Toaru Kagaku no Rērugan)
GenreAdventure, science fiction[1]
Created byKazuma Kamachi
Motoi Fuyukawa
Manga
Written byKazuma Kamachi
Illustrated byMotoi Fuyukawa
Published byASCII Media Works
English publisher
MagazineDengeki Daioh
DemographicShōnen
Original runFebruary 25, 2007 – present
Volumes19 (List of volumes)
Further information
Anime television series
Directed byTatsuyuki Nagai
Produced by
  • Kazuma Miki
  • Nobuhiro Nakayama
  • Satoshi Fujita
  • Kozue Kaneniwa
  • Kenji Mine
Written bySeishi Minakami
Music byMaiko Iuchi
StudioJ.C.Staff
Licensed by
Original networkAT-X, Chiba TV, MBS, Teletama, tvk, Tokyo MX
English network
Original run October 3, 2009 March 20, 2010
Episodes24 + 2 OVAs (List of episodes)
Video game
DeveloperShade
PublisherASCII Media Works
GenreAction-adventure game
PlatformPlayStation Portable
ReleasedDecember 8, 2011
Anime television series
A Certain Scientific Railgun S
Directed byTatsuyuki Nagai
Produced by
  • Kazuma Miki
  • Nobuhiro Nakayama
  • Satoshi Fujita
  • Kozue Kaneniwa
  • Kenji Mine
  • Kentarou Hattori
Written bySeishi Minakami
Music byMaiko Iuchi
StudioJ.C.Staff
Licensed by
  • AUS: Universal/Sony
  • NA: Funimation
  • SEA: Muse Communication
  • UK: Animatsu Entertainment
Original networkAT-X, Tokyo MX
Original run April 12, 2013 September 27, 2013
Episodes24 + OVA (List of episodes)
Video game
A Certain Scientific Railgun S Puzzle
DeveloperASCII Media Works
GenrePuzzle game
PlatformiOS
ReleasedJuly 26, 2013
Anime television series
A Certain Scientific Railgun T
Directed byTatsuyuki Nagai
Produced by
  • Kazuma Miki
  • Kozue Kaneniwa
  • Kentarou Hattori
  • Yuuichirou Shiji
  • Michihisa Abe
  • Noritomo Isogai
  • Seihiro Asada
  • Takehiro Nakakura
Written byShougo Yasukawa
Music byMaiko Iuchi
StudioJ.C.Staff
Licensed by
  • NA: Funimation
Original networkAT-X, BS11, MBS, Tokyo MX
Original run January 10, 2020 September 25, 2020
Episodes25 (List of episodes)
Video game
A Certain Scientific Railgun: Spectrum Story
DeveloperNow Production
PublisherD-techno
GenreAdventure game
PlatformAndroid
iOS
ReleasedMarch 27, 2020
Other
icon Anime and manga portal

A Certain Scientific Railgun (Japanese: とある科学の超電磁砲レールガン, Hepburn: Toaru Kagaku no Rērugan)[a] is a Japanese manga series written by Kazuma Kamachi and illustrated by Motoi Fuyukawa, which began serialization in the April 2007 issue of ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Daioh magazine. The manga is a spin-off of Kamachi's A Certain Magical Index light novel series, taking place before and during the events of the main story. Seven Seas Entertainment began publishing the series in North America in June 2011. An anime television series adaptation by J.C.Staff aired in Japan between October 2009 and March 2010, followed by an original video animation released in October 2010. A second season titled A Certain Scientific Railgun S aired between April and September 2013. A spin-off manga series titled A Certain Scientific Railgun: Astral Buddy began serialization in Dengeki Daioh from April 2017 to July 2020. A third season titled A Certain Scientific Railgun T aired between January and September 2020.

Premise

In the futuristic Academy City, which is made up of 80% students, many of whom are espers possessing unique psychic powers, Mikoto Misaka is an electromaster who is the third strongest of a mere seven espers who have been given the rank of Level 5. The series focuses on the exploits of Mikoto and her friends Kuroko Shirai, Kazari Uiharu, and Ruiko Saten, prior to and during the events of A Certain Magical Index.

Media

Manga

A Certain Scientific Railgun is illustrated by Motoi Fuyukawa and started serialization in the April 2007 issue of ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Daioh. The first volume was released on November 10, 2007, and as of March 27, 2024, 19 volumes have been published. North American publisher Seven Seas Entertainment began distributing the Railgun manga from June 2011.[2]

Anime

A 24-episode anime television series adaptation that was produced by J.C. Staff and directed by Tatsuyuki Nagai aired in Japan between October 3, 2009 and March 20, 2010.[3] The anime was collected into eight DVD and Blu-ray Disc sets released between January 29 and August 27, 2010, with each volume containing a short story series titled A Certain Magical Index: Kanzaki SS. The series was licensed in North America by Funimation, who released the series on DVD on April 16, 2013.[4][5] A bonus episode was included with a visual book released on July 24, 2010, and an original video animation (OVA) was released in Japan on October 29, 2010.[6]

A 24-episode second season, also directed by Nagai, titled A Certain Scientific Railgun S, aired in Japan between April 12[7] and September 27, 2013. It was simulcast by Funimation, who released the series on DVD in North America in two parts on July 1, 2014 and August 19, 2014, respectively.[8][9] Another bonus episode was released with a visual book released on March 27, 2014.

A third season titled A Certain Scientific Railgun T aired from January 10 to September 25, 2020.[10][11] The third season ran for 25 episodes. Two bonus anime are set to be released from the third season's first and fifth Blu-Ray/DVD volumes.[12] Unlike previous seasons, the season was simulcasted on both Funimation and Crunchyroll, with Crunchyroll streaming the series in Japanese with English subtitles, and Funimation streaming the English dub.[13][14][15] The three seasons, including the OVA, were released on Hulu in Japan on March 24, 2022.[16]

Music

The anime adaptation of A Certain Scientific Railgun has five pieces of theme music, two opening themes and three ending themes. The first opening theme is "Only My Railgun" by fripSide, and the first ending theme is "Dear My Friend -Mada Minu Mirai e-" (Dear My Friend -まだ見ぬ未来へ-, lit. "Dear My Friend (Toward a Future We Haven't Seen Yet)") by Elisa. The song "Smile (You & Me)" by Elisa, which uses the same tune as "Dear My Friend (Mada Minu Mirai e)", is featured as the ending theme for episode twelve. The second opening theme is "Level 5 Judgelight" by fripSide and the third ending theme is "Real Force" by Elisa. "Only My Railgun" appears in Konami's arcade music games Pop'n Music 20: Fantasia, Dance Dance Revolution X2 and Jubeat Knit. For the OVA, the opening theme music is "Future Gazer" by fripSide, the single of which was released on October 13, 2010, while the ending theme is "Special One" by Elisa, the single of which was released on October 27, 2010.[17] The opening theme for the A Certain Scientific Railgun PSP game is "Way to answer" by fripSide.[18]

For A Certain Scientific Railgun S, it has six pieces of theme music, two opening themes and four ending themes. The first opening theme is "Sister's Noise" by fripSide and the first ending theme is "Grow Slowly" by Yuka Iguchi, the latter of which was released on May 15, 2013.[19] The song "stand still" by Iguchi is featured as the second ending theme for episodes 11 and 14. The second opening theme is "Eternal Reality" by fripSide[20] and the third ending theme is "Links" by Sachika Misawa.[21] The song "Infinia" by Misawa is featured as the fourth ending theme for episode 23.[22]

For A Certain Scientific Railgun T, the first opening theme is "final phase" by fripSide[23] and the first ending theme is "nameless story" by Kishida Kyoudan & The Akeboshi Rockets.[24] The second opening theme is "dual existence" by fripSide, and the second ending theme is "Aoarashi no Ato de" (lit. "After the summer storm") by Sajou no Hana.[25]

Video games

A visual novel based on A Certain Scientific Railgun for the PSP was released on December 8, 2011 after facing several delays, and comes in a special edition which includes a Kuroko Shirai Figma figure.[26][18] Fuji Shoji released a pachinko based on the series, titled A Certain Scientific Railgun P, on January 24, 2022.[27]

Light novel

A light novel consisting of four stories about Mikoto, Kuroko, Kazari, and Ruiko was released in Japan on June 10, 2022. It is written by Kamachi and illustrated by Kiyotaka Haimura, Fuyukawa, Chuya Kogino, Arata Yamaji, Yasuhito Nogi, Teto Tachitsu, and Nankyoku Kisaragi.[28]

Reception

Four manga volumes distributed by Seven Seas Entertainment have been featured on The New York Times manga bestsellers list, with the most frequently listed (A Certain Scientific Railgun vol. 7) staying on the list for 4 weeks.[29]

The opening theme music for the first season of A Certain Scientific Railgun, "Only My Railgun", won Best Theme Song at the 2010 Animation Kobe Awards.[30] In September 2020, the anime series garnered over 300 million views in China through the Chinese streaming platform Bilibili.[31]

Nicole MacLean of THEM Anime Reviews had mixed feelings on the first season of the series. Comparing the series to Aoi Hana, Bodacious Space Pirates, and Inari Kon Kon, she criticized the relationships between the characters but praised the narrative it adds to the Index franchise.[32]

Notes

  1. ^ Official title is A Certain Magical Index Side Story: A Certain Scientific Railgun (とある魔術の禁書目録インデックス外伝 とある科学の超電磁砲レールガン, Toaru Majutsu no Indekkusu Gaiden: Toaru Kagaku no Rērugan).

References

  1. ^ "A Certain Scientific Railgun". Funimation. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  2. ^ "Seven Seas Acquires 3 Red Hot Manga From Japan". Anime News Network. July 20, 2010. Retrieved July 20, 2010.
  3. ^ "Toaru Kagaku no Railgun Light Novels' Anime Green-Lit". Anime News Network. March 18, 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2009.
  4. ^ "Funi Adds Live Action Moyashimon Live Action, More". Anime News Network. July 2, 2010. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
  5. ^ "Funimation Reveals A Certain Scientific Railgun's English Cast". Anime News Network. February 7, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
  6. ^ "Toaru Kagaku no Railgun OVA Confirmed for October 29". Anime News Network. June 22, 2010. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
  7. ^ "Crime Edge, Gargantia, Railgun S Premiere Dates Revealed". Anime News Network. March 8, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  8. ^ "Funimation to Stream A Certain Scientific Railgun S Sequel Anime". Anime News Network. April 11, 2013. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  9. ^ "Funimation Offers A Certain Magical Index II & Movie on Home Video". Anime News Network. December 18, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  10. ^ "A Certain Scientific Railgun Anime Season 3 Premieres in January 2020". Anime News Network. September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  11. ^ "A Certain Scientific Railgun Anime Season 3 Reveals January 10 Premiere, Ending Song Title". Anime News Network. November 3, 2019. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
  12. ^ "A Certain Scientific Railgun Anime's 3rd Season to Have 25 Episodes Plus 2 Bonus Anime". Anime News Network. December 25, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
  13. ^ "Stay Cozy with Funimation's Winter 2020 Lineup". Funimation. December 26, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  14. ^ "Funimation to Stream A Certain Scientific Railgun Season 3 Anime's English Dub". Anime News Network. January 6, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  15. ^ "Crunchyroll to Stream A Certain Scientific Railgun Season 3 Anime". Anime News Network. January 5, 2020. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
  16. ^ とあるプロジェクト公式 [@toaru_project] (February 28, 2022). 【お知らせ】「とあるシリーズ」につきまして、Huluでの配信が決定しました!3/24(木)より全シリーズ同時配信開始となります。とある魔術の禁書目録1~3期&劇場版 とある科学の超電磁砲1~3期&OVA とある科学の一方通行 お楽しみに♪ #禁書目録3 #アクセラレータ #超電磁砲T [[News] "Toaru" series will be available on Hulu! All series will be available simultaneously from 3/24 (Thursday). A Certain Magical Index seasons 1–3 & The Movie, A Certain Scientific Railgun seasons 1–3 & OVA, A Certain Scientific Accelerator Enjoy♪ #Index3 #Accelerator #RailgunT] (Tweet) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on February 28, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022 – via Twitter.
  17. ^ "Railgun CD Goods" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on September 7, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  18. ^ a b "A Certain Scientific Railgun PSP Game's Promo Streamed". Anime News Network. November 22, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  19. ^ "Yuka Iguchi to Perform Ending Theme for Railgun S Anime". Anime News Network. March 11, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
  20. ^ "FripSide Performs A Certain Scientific Railgun S's 2nd Opening". Anime News Network. July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
  21. ^ "A Certain Magical Index Film's Comiket Promo Posted". Anime News Network. August 13, 2013. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  22. ^ "Dawn Of A Revolution (Silent Party)". A Certain Scientific Railgun S. Episode 23 (in Japanese). September 20, 2013. Tokyo MX.
  23. ^ Harding, Daryl (January 2, 2020). "flipSide Release Preview of Railgun T OP "final phase" Music Video". Crunchyroll News. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  24. ^ "A Certain Scientific Railgun Anime Season 3 Reveals Ad, Theme Song Artists, More Staff". Anime News Network. September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  25. ^ "TV Anime "A Certain Scientific Railgun" New OP&ED Theme Notice of Release Date Change". toaru-project. May 26, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
  26. ^ "PSP専用 ガールズトークアドベンチャー『とある科学の超電磁砲<レールガン>』" [For PSP Girls-Talk Adventure A Certain Scientific Railgun] (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. Archived from the original on September 29, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
  27. ^ Pとある科学の超電磁砲 [A Certain Scientific Railgun P]. P-World (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 5, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
  28. ^ とある科学の超電磁砲 [A Certain Scientific Railgun]. Kadokawa (in Japanese). Archived from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
  29. ^ "Awards and Accolades". Seven Seas Entertainment. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
  30. ^ Loo, Egan (October 15, 2010). "Haruhi Film, K-ON!!, Miku Win Anime Kobe Awards". Anime News Network. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  31. ^ Harding, Daryl (September 26, 2020). "A Certain Scientific Railgun Has Over 300 Million Views in China". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  32. ^ MacLean, Nicole. "A Certain Scientific Railgun". THEM Anime Reviews. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2021.


Read other articles:

Eunidia boafoi Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Subfamili: Lamiinae Tribus: Eunidiini Genus: Eunidia Spesies: Eunidia boafoi Beberapa atau seluruh referensi dari artikel ini mungkin tidak dapat dipercaya kebenarannya. Bantulah dengan memberikan referensi yang lebih baik atau dengan memeriksa apakah referensi telah memenuhi syarat sebagai referensi tepercaya. Referensi yang tidak benar dapat dihapus sewaktu-waktu. Eun...

 

 

Semen Padang HospitalPT Semen PadangGeografiLokasiJl. By Pass KM 7 Pisang, Pauh, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat, IndonesiaOrganisasiPendanaanRumah Sakit BUMNJenisRumah sakit umumPatrondr. Selfi Farisha M.KesPelayananStandar pelayanan (tingkat paripurna)berlaku sampai 3 Juni 2022 [2] SejarahDibuka1970 (sebagai Klinik kesehatan PT Semen Padang)1997 (sebagai Rumah Sakit Semen Padang)2013 (sebagai Semen Padang Hospital) Semen Padang Hospital (SPH; Indonesia: Rumah Sakit Semen Padangcode: id ...

 

 

County in Texas, United States County in TexasMadison CountyCountyThe Madison County Courthouse in MadisonvilleLocation within the U.S. state of TexasTexas's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 30°58′N 95°56′W / 30.97°N 95.93°W / 30.97; -95.93Country United StatesState TexasFounded1854Named forJames MadisonSeatMadisonvilleLargest cityMadisonvilleArea • Total472 sq mi (1,220 km2) • Land466 sq mi (1,210&...

Hervormde kerk kan verwijzen naar: Algemeen: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk, een voormalig protestants kerkgenootschap in Nederland, in 2004 opgegaan in de Protestantse Kerk in Nederland Hersteld Hervormde Kerk, in datzelfde jaar opgericht door hervormden die buiten die kerkfusie in Nederland wilden blijven Kerkgebouwen in (meest Nederlandse) plaatsen: Hervormde kerk (Aagtekerke) Hervormde kerk (Aalburg) Hervormde kerk (Aalst) Hervormde kerk (Aalsum) Hervormde kerk (Abbekerk) Hervormde kerk (Abbe...

 

 

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

 

 

Chemical compound LY-2459989Clinical dataRoutes ofadministrationOral, intravenousATC codeNonePharmacokinetic dataElimination half-life15 minutes (in rhesus monkeys)[1]Identifiers IUPAC name 3-Fluoro-4-[4-[[(2S)-2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl]methyl]phenoxy]benzamide CAS Number2254067-61-1 YPubChem CID134819873UNII2X23M5HP34Chemical and physical dataFormulaC23H22FN3O2Molar mass391.446 g·mol−13D model (JSmol)Interactive image SMILES NC(=O)c1ccc(Oc2ccc(CN3CCC[C@H]3c4cccnc4)cc...

2010 British film The ArborBritish release posterDirected byClio BarnardProduced by Artangel UK Film Council Release date 22 October 2010 (2010-10-22) Running time94 minutesCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishBox office$126,182[1] The Arbor is a 2010 British film about Andrea Dunbar, directed by Clio Barnard.[2][3][4] The film uses actors lip-synching to interviews with Dunbar and her family, and concentrates on the strained relationship between ...

 

 

Home and AwayGenreOpera sabunPembuatAlan BatemanPemeranSaat iniPenggubah lagu temaMike Perjanik[1]Lagu pembukaHome and Away(tema singkat)Lagu penutupHome and AwayNegara asal AustraliaBahasa asliInggrisJmlh. musim36Jmlh. episode8047 (pada 25 Mei 2023)ProduksiProduser eksekutifJohn HolmesProduserLucy AddarioLokasi produksiPalm Beach, New South WalesDurasi22 menitRumah produksiSeven ProductionsRilis asliJaringanSeven NetworkFormat gambar576i (4:3) (1988–2000)576i (16:9) (2001–p...

 

 

Rue de Ménilmontant, jalan utama di Ménilmontant, dengan pusat kota Paris dan Centre Georges Pompidou di kejauhan. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Ménilmontant (disambiguasi). Ménilmontant merupakan sebuah wilayah pemukiman di Paris, Prancis, terletak di arondisemen ke-12. Sering disebut Ménilmuche oleh warga lokal. Sejarah Ménilmontant, sebenarnya sebuah desa di komune (kotamadya) independen Belleville, dianeksasi ke Kota Paris tahun 1860 seperti komune pinggiran lainnya yang mengitari Pari...

Questa voce sull'argomento schermidori svedesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Gustaf Birger Hjalmarsson Cederin Nazionalità  Svezia Scherma Specialità Spada Palmarès  Olimpiadi Argento Berlino 1936 Spada Squadre Statistiche aggiornate al 25 giugno 2009 Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Gustaf Birger Hjalmarsson Cederin (Höreda, 20 aprile 1895 – 22 marzo 1942) è stato uno schermidore svedese, vincitore di u...

 

 

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています(詳細)。 数字の大字(だいじ)は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字(小字)の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券(「壱」が大字) 弐千円日本銀行券(「弐」が大字) 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

 

PT Perusahaan Perdagangan IndonesiaSebelumnyaPT Cipta Niaga (Persero)JenisAnak perusahaan BUMNIndustriPerdaganganPendahuluPT Cipta Niaga (Persero)PT Pantja Niaga (Persero)PT Dharma Niaga (Persero)Didirikan19 Juni 2003; 20 tahun lalu (2003-06-19) di Jakarta, IndonesiaKantorpusatJakarta, IndonesiaWilayah operasiIndonesiaTokohkunciNina Sulistyowati[1](Direktur Utama)Herman Heru Suprobo[2](Komisaris Utama)MerekPanganesiaCovareArneshTransaminDharmabasdsb.[3]JasaPerdaga...

Fuori Uso è una rassegna d'arte contemporanea, che dal 1990 si svolge periodicamente a Pescara, in momenti e spazi diversi della città[1][2]. Indice 1 Storia 1.1 Edizioni 2 Artisti 3 Riconoscimenti 4 Note 5 Collegamenti esterni Storia Nasce da un'iniziativa del gallerista Cesare Manzo coadiuvato dal suo staff e da Gianfranco Rosini. Cesare Manzo ha poi ha coinvolto numerosi curatori nazionali e internazionali tra cui Nicolas Bourriaud, Paolo Falcone, Achille Bonito Oliva, Te...

 

 

Smartphones manufactured by Xiaomi Xiaomi Mi 5cCodenamemeriManufacturerXiaomiSeriesMiFirst releasedMarch 2017PredecessorXiaomi Mi 4cRelatedXiaomi Mi 4cTypeSmartphoneForm factorSlate phoneDimensions144.38 x 69.68 x 7.09 mmMass135 gOperating systemMIUI 8 (Android 6.0)System-on-chipXiaoMi pinecone S1CPU2x Dual-core 2.2GHz + 2x Dual-core 1.4GHzGPUMali-T860 2x Dual-coreMemory3 GB RAMStorage64 GB EMMC 5.0BatteryNon-removable Li-Po 2860mAh(typ) / 2810mAh(min) batteryDisplay5.15 1920*1080 pix...

 

 

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori croati è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Iva Lažeta Iva Landeka con la maglia dello Jena nel 2014 Nazionalità  Croazia Altezza 167 cm Calcio Ruolo Centrocampista Squadra  Spalato CarrieraGiovanili Marjan2003-2005 Dinamo-MaksimirSquadre di club1 2005-2007 Dinamo-Maksimir2008 St. Veit13 (7)2008-2011 Kärnten39 (9)2011-201...

Dokumen identitas Arbeitsbuch Für Ausländer (Buku Kerja untuk Orang Asing) yang diberikan kepada seorang Buruh Paksa Polandia pada 1942 oleh pemerintah Jerman. Arbeitslager (pelafalan dalam bahasa Jerman: [ˈʔaʁbaɪtsˌlaːɡɐ]) adalah sebuah kata dalam bahasa Jerman yang artinya kamp buruh. Dibawah kepemimpinan Nazisme, pemerintah Jerman (dan mitra kolaboratornya, sekutunya, dan sektor pribadinya) menggunakan buruh paksa, dimulai pada 1930an kebanyakan secara khusus terjadi pada...

 

 

Dialect of Tamil Kongu Tamilகொங்கு தமிழ்PronunciationKoṅku TamilNative toWest part of Tamil Nadu and some parts of Karnataka, KeralaRegionKongu NaduEthnicityKongu VellalarNative speakers(undated figure of ~20 million [citation needed])Language familyDravidian DravidianTamil–KannadaTamil–KodaguTamil–MalayalamTamiloid languagesTamilKongu TamilWriting systemTamil scriptOfficial statusOfficial language in India (Tamil Nadu)Language codesISO 639...

 

 

Italian theologian (1495–1559) His ExcellencyFilippo ArchintoArchbishop of MilanTitian, Portrait of Archbishop Filippo Archinto (mid-1550s), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New YorkArchdioceseMilanIn office1556–58PredecessorGiovan Angelo ArcimboldiSuccessorCarlo BorromeoPersonal detailsBorn(1495-07-05)July 5, 1495Milan, ItalyDied1558 (aged 62–63)OccupationLawyer, papal bureaucrat, bishop, and diplomat Filippo Archinto (1495–1558), born in Milan, was an Italian lawyer, papal burea...

عبد الله القسوي حاكم تطيلة فترة الحكم907م - 915م لُب الثاني محمد الثاني ومطرف معلومات شخصية الوفاة 915متطيلة مواطنة إمارة قرطبة  الأولاد أوراكا بنت عبد الله  [لغات أخرى]‏  الأب محمد الأول القسوي إخوة وأخوات لب بن محمد بن لب  أقرباء موسى بن موسى (جد)  عائلة بنو قس...

 

 

Foulques IVle RéchinUang logam yang dicetak oleh Foulques IVComte AnjouBerkuasa1068–1109PendahuluGeoffroy IIIPenerusFoulques Vrekan-pemimpinGeoffrey IV dari Anjou (sampai tahun 1106)Informasi pribadiWangsaAngevinAyahGeoffroy dari GâtinaisIbuErmengarde dari Anjou (wafat 1146)PasanganHildegarde dari Baugency ? - tahun 1070 Ermengarde de Bourbon ? - tahun 1075 Orengarde de Châtellailon ? - tahun 1080 Mantie dari Brienne 1080–1087 Bertrade dari Montfort 1087–1092?Anak(deng...