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The 2017 Chiapas earthquake struck at 23:49 CDT on 7 September (local time; 04:49 on the 8th UTC) in the Gulf of Tehuantepec off the southern coast of Mexico near the state of Chiapas, approximately 87 kilometres (54 mi) southwest of Pijijiapan (alternately, 101 kilometres (63 mi) south-southwest of Tres Picos),[6] with a Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).[7] The moment magnitude was estimated to be Mw8.2.[1]
The earthquake caused all of Mexico City to tremble, prompting people to evacuate after the early warning system was triggered.[7] It also generated a tsunami with waves 1.75 metres (5 ft 9 in) above tide level;[8] and tsunami alerts were issued for surrounding areas.[9] Mexico's president called it the strongest earthquake recorded in the country in a century.[10] It was also the second strongest recorded in the country's history, behind the magnitude 8.6 earthquake in 1787,[11] the largest recorded globally in 2017 and the largest earthquake worldwide since the 2015 illapel earthquake.[12]
On 6 September, several earthquake alarms in Mexico City were mistakenly activated, leading to the evacuation of buildings. The incident prompted a review of the system.[15]
Earthquake
People outside a hotel in Mexico City a few minutes after the earthquake
According to the National Seismological Service (SSN) of Mexico, the epicenter was located in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, about 137 kilometres (85 mi) southeast of Tonalá, Chiapas.[16] The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reported that the epicenter was about 87 kilometres (54 mi) southwest of Pijijiapan, Chiapas.[1] The hypocenter was about 45 kilometres (28 mi) underground, deeper than usual for a relatively new subduction zone.[17] The SSN reported a measurement of M 8.2,[16] while the USGS also reported a M 8.2 earthquake after correcting an earlier estimate of M 8.0.[1] The earthquake was a result of normal faulting within the Cocos plate with a displacement of up to 10 metres (33 ft).[1][18] The entire thickness of the lithosphere of the Cocos plate ruptured during the earthquake.[17]
The earthquake is the most powerful in Mexico to be measured by seismographs. Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto called the earthquake the "largest in at least a century" and said that it was felt by 50 million people.[10][19]
Geophysicists at the National Autonomous University of Mexico speculated that the earthquake relieved stored pressure in the "Tehuantepec gap", making future earthquakes in the region less likely.[20]
In the hour following the earthquake, at least 12 aftershocks were recorded by the USGS.[23] As of 00:30 September 14 (UTC Time), the National Seismological Service (SSN) has recorded at least 1,806 aftershocks, of up to a magnitude of 6.1.[5]
2017 Chiapas earthquake and aftershocks
Graph of aftershocks by magnitude
Map of aftershocks as of 13 September Red marks earthquakes over Mw 8.0 and orange over Mw 5.0.
Within Chiapas, an estimated 1.5 million people were affected by the earthquake, with 41,000 homes damaged.[25][26]Jose Calzada, Minister of Agriculture, reported that at least 98 people had died in the earthquake, including 78 in Oaxaca, 16 in Chiapas and 4 in Tabasco. The Secretariat of the Interior declared a state of emergency for 122 municipalities in Chiapas,[27] and the Mexican Army was deployed to aid in disaster relief.[28] Schools were closed on 8 September in 11 states for safety inspections.[29] Damage in Veracruz was reported, meanwhile the state is expecting the arrival of Hurricane Katia on 9 September.[29]Hurricane Max made landfall in Guerrero state on 14 September, near the earthquake-stricken region.[30]
Buildings in Juchitán de Zaragoza, Oaxaca, closest to the epicenter, were "reduced to rubble" according to reports from the town's mayor.[31]
President Enrique Peña Nieto inspecting damage to a home in Juchitán, Oaxaca
Collection Center for the victims of the earthquake, Mexico City City Hall
Response
On 11 September, Mexico recalled its aid to the United States, offered in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, to focus on earthquake recovery.[35]
United States President Donald Trump called Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto on 14 September, a week after the earthquake, to express his condolences.[36]
Three years after the earthquake, Governor Alejandro Murat reported that 60,000 homes have been rebuilt, but that many others still have not been. He reported that sixty health centers have been reconstructed, and in 2020 they plan to rebuild 2,000 schools.[37]
^Singh, S.K.; M. Ordaz; L. Alcantara; N. Shapiro; V. Kostoglodov; J. F. Pacheco; S. Alcocer; C. Gutierrez; R. Quaas; T. Mikumo; E. Ovando; J. Aguirre; D. Almora; J. G. Anderson; M. Ayala; C. Javier; G. Castro; R. Duran; G. Espitia; J. Estrada; E. Guevara; J. Lermo; B. Lopez; O. Lopez; M. Macias; E. Mena; M. Ortega; C. Perez; J. Perez; M. Romo; M. Ramirez; C. Reyes; R. Ruiz; H. Sandoval; M. Torres; E. Vazquez; R. Vazquez; J. M. Velasco & J. Ylizaturri (2000). "The Oaxaca earthquake of 30 September 1999 (MW = 7.5)"(PDF). Seismological Research Letters. 71 (1): 67–78. doi:10.1785/gssrl.71.1.67. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
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