The 1978 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 48th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League in Zone 2. The season started on 2 April 1978.
The 1978 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was won by Metalist Kharkiv.
The "Ruby Cup" of Molod Ukrayiny newspaper (for the most scored goals) was received by SKA Kiev.
^Start Tiraspol was established as a phoenix club of previously disbanded in 1971 Dnestr Tiraspol. It was established as a factory team of the Tiraspol's 1 May Factory. Several players of Speranta moved to the new Tiraspol team, while Speranta itself was transferred to the football championship of the Moldavian SSR.[1]
Note: in 1970, Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR included competitions in both Soviet Class A Second Group (upper level) and Soviet Class B (lower level). Next year 1971, Class B was disbanded, while Class A Second Group was changed to the Soviet Second League.