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Decades:	1810s; 1820s; 1830s; 1840s; 1850s;
See also:	Other events of 1837; ; Timeline of Australian history;

The following lists events that happened during 1837 in Australia.

Incumbents

2 January - The Supreme Court of South Australia is established by Letters Patent, five days after the founding of the colony.
6 March - The Theatre Royal in Hobart opened. It remains Australia's oldest working theatre.
28 March - The Hoddle Grid of streets for the central business district is surveyed by Robert Hoddle.
1 June - First inner-city land sale in Melbourne.
10 June - The first whale is caught in Western Australia.

13 February – James Venture Mulligan, prospector and explorer (born in Ireland) (d. 1907)
26 February – William Hann, pastoralist and explorer (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1889)
7 March – Gracius Broinowski, artist and ornithologist (born in the Russian Empire) (d. 1913)
16 March – Frederick Wolseley, inventor and woolgrower (born in Ireland) (d. 1899)
1 May – Ernest Henry, explorer and pioneer grazier (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1919)
9 May – Ben Hall, bushranger (d. 1865)
9 August – John Atherton, explorer (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1913)
26 November – Thomas Playford II, 17th Premier of South Australia (born in the United Kingdom) (d. 1915)

10 February – Frederick Goulburn, New South Wales politician and soldier (born and died in the United Kingdom) (b. 1788)
15 March – William Cox, soldier, explorer and pioneer (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1764)
5 September – James Ruse, farmer and convict (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1759)
Unknown, possibly September – Francis Greenway, architect and convict (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1777)
Unknown – Joseph Gellibrand, explorer and lawyer (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1792)