The 1822–23 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were before the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures . Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1822 and 1823, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock .[ 1] Class 2 .
The Democratic-Republican Party continued to maintain almost complete control of the Senate.
Factions
At the very end of the next Congress, the 1824 United States presidential election led to a contingency election, decided by the Congress. In that election, Senators split into factions in support of William H. Crawford , Andrew Jackson , or John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay . Even though that election wasn't held until more than two years after the Senate elections in this article, those factions are noted below as "Crawford," "Jackson," or "Adams-Clay."
Results summary
Senate party division, 18th Congress (1823–1825)
Majority party: Democratic-Republican (42–43)
Minority parties: National Republican & Federalist (4–5)
Total seats: 48
Change in composition
Before the elections
Composition after the January 24, 1822 Delaware special election .
DR1 Del. Gain
DR2
DR3
DR4
DR14
DR13
DR12
DR11
DR10
DR9
DR8
DR7
DR6
DR5
DR15
DR16
DR17
DR18
DR19
DR20
DR21
DR22
DR23
DR24
Majority →
DR25
DR34 Ky. Ran
DR33 Ill. Ran
DR32 Ga. Ran
DR31 Ala. Ran
DR30
DR29
DR28
DR27
DR26
DR35 La. Ran
DR36 Me. Ran
DR37 Miss. Ran
DR38 N.J. Ran
DR39 N.C. Ran
DR40 R.I. Ran
DR41 S.C. Ran
DR42 Tenn. Ran
DR43 Va. Ran
DR44 N.H. Retired
F1
F2
F3 Mass. Ran
F4 Del.
Result of the regular elections
DR1
DR2
DR3
DR4
DR14
DR13
DR12
DR11
DR10
DR9
DR8
DR7
DR6
DR5
DR15
DR16
DR17
DR18
DR19
DR20
DR21
DR22
DR23
DR24
Majority →
DR25
DR34 Ky. Re-elected
DR33 Ill. Re-elected
DR32 Ga. Re-elected
DR31 Ala. Re-elected
DR30
DR29
DR28
DR27
DR26
DR35 La. Re-elected
DR36 Me. Re-elected
DR37 Miss. Re-elected
DR38 N.J. Re-elected
DR39 R.I. Re-elected
DR40 Va. Re-elected
DR41 N.H. Hold
DR42 N.C. Hold
DR43 S.C. Hold
DR44 Tenn. Hold
F1
F2
F3 Mass. Re-elected
V1 Del. F Loss
Race summaries
Bold states links to specific election articles.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1822 or before March 4, 1823; ordered by election date.
State
Incumbent
Results
Candidates
Senator
Party
Electoral history
Delaware Vacant
Outerbridge Horsey (F) resigned March 3, 1821.Democratic-Republican gain.
Ohio William A. Trimble
Democratic-
1819
Incumbent died December 13, 1821.
Massachusetts Harrison Gray Otis
Federalist
1816
Incumbent resigned May 30, 1822, to run for Mayor of Boston .
Alabama John W. Walker
Democratic-
1819
Incumbent resigned December 12, 1822, due to failing health.
Maryland William Pinkney
Democratic-
1819 (special) 1821
Incumbent died February 25, 1822.
Virginia James Pleasants
Democratic-
1819 (special)
Incumbent resigned December 15, 1822, to become Governor of Virginia .
Races leading to the next Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1823; as ordered by the state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
Special elections during the next Congress
In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1823 after March 4; ordered by election date.
Alabama
Incumbent William R. King was first elected in 1819 . He was reelected with the votes of over 41% of the legislators, defeating William Crawford, former agent to the Choctaw nation John McKee , and another candidate named William King.
1822 United States Senate election in Alabama
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(December 2019 )
Incumbent John Williams Walker resigned on December 12, 1822, due to failing health. He would die in April of the following year. William Kelly was elected in his place with 56.65% of the votes of state legislators, defeating state representative John McKinley .
1822 United States Senate special election in Alabama
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(December 2019 )
Delaware
The Delaware General Assembly did not elect a candidate to the United States Senate.
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(December 2019 )
Federalist incumbent Outerbridge Horsey retired in the 1820/1821 Senate elections . The Delaware General Assembly failed to elect a successor. Caesar Augustus Rodney , the U.S. representative for Delaware's at-large congressional district and a nephew of founding father Caesar Rodney , was elected late.
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(December 2019 )
Georgia
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Nicholas Ware was reelected in 1823.
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(December 2019 )
Illinois
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Jesse B. Thomas was reelected in 1823.
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(December 2019 )
Kentucky
Richard M. Johnson
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Richard Mentor Johnson was reelected in 1823.
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(December 2019 )
Louisiana
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Henry S. Johnson was reelected in 1823
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(December 2019 )
Maine
Incumbent Democratic-Republican John Chandler was reelected in 1823.
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(December 2019 )
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(November 2022 )
1822 United States Senate special election in Maryland
Incumbent Democratic-Republican William Pinkney died on February 25, 1822. Congressman Samuel Smith , a Democratic-Republican, was elected to the seat on December 17, 1822.[ 6]
Massachusetts
Incumbent Federalist James Lloyd was reelected in 1822 after being first elected in a special election (see below).
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(December 2019 )
James Lloyd Incumbent Senator Harrison Gray Otis resigned on May 30, 1822, to run for Mayor of Boston . Former senator James Lloyd , a Federalist was elected on June 5, 1822.
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(December 2019 )
Mississippi
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Thomas Hill Williams was reelected in 1823.
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(December 2019 )
New Hampshire
Incumbent Democratic-Republican David L. Morril retired. Governor of New Hampshire Samuel Bell was elected as a Democratic-Republican.
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(December 2019 )
New Jersey
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Mahlon Dickerson was reelected in 1823.
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(December 2019 )
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Samuel L. Southard resigned on March 3, 1823, to become the U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Democratic-Republican Joseph McIlvaine was elected to finish his term on November 12, 1823.
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(December 2019 )
North Carolina
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Montfort Stokes was defeated for reelection by John Branch , a fellow Democratic-Republican, in 1822.
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(December 2019 )
Incumbent Jeffersonian Republican William A. Trimble died on December 13, 1821, at the age of 35. Governor of Ohio , Ethan Allen Brown , was elected to finish Trimble's term.
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(December 2019 )
Rhode Island
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Nehemiah R. Knight was reelected in 1823.
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(December 2019 )
South Carolina
Incumbent Democratic-Republican William Smith lost reelection to Democratic-Republican Robert Y. Hayne .
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(December 2019 )
Tennessee
Former senator and general Andrew Jackson defeated incumbent John Williams in the election for Senate. Jackson was put up as the Jacksonian candidate after Williams decided to support William H. Crawford in the 1824 Presidential Election .[ 7] Davy Crockett .[ 8] president in 1828 .
1823 United States Senate election in Tennessee
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(December 2019 )
Virginia
After being elected in the special election (see below), incumbent John Taylor was reelected in 1823.
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(December 2019 )
Incumbent James Pleasants resigned on December 15, 1822, to become Governor of Virginia . Former senator John Taylor , a Democratic-Republican, was elected with 51.8% of the votes of legislators over former congressmen Henry St. George Tucker and John Tyler , both Democratic-Republicans.
1822 United States Senate special election in Virginia
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(December 2019 )
See also
References
^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)" . National Archives and Records Administration . February 8, 2022.^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Dec 12, 1822" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved October 31, 2019 .1822 House Journal, Dec 12 ^ "Virginia 1822 U.S. Senate, Special" . Tufts Digital Collations and Archives . A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University . Retrieved June 4, 2019 .^ "Our Campaigns - AL Senate Race - Dec 12, 1822" .^ "Tennessee 1823 U.S. Senate" . Tufts Digital Collations and Archives . A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University . Retrieved June 4, 2019 .^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race -Dec 11, 1822" . www.ourcampaigns.com . Retrieved 2022-11-05 .^ Higgins, Ruth L.; Driver, Leota S. (December 1933). "Fanny Kemble" . The Mississippi Valley Historical Review . 20 (3): 416. doi :10.2307/1886861 . ISSN 0161-391X . JSTOR 1886861 . ^ "<sc>John R. Finger</sc>. Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition . (A History of the Trans-Appalachian Frontier.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2001. Pp. xxiii, 382. $39.95" . The American Historical Review . February 2003. doi :10.1086/ahr/108.1.185-a . ISSN 1937-5239 .
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