17th Infantry Division (United States)

17th Infantry Division
17th Infantry Division shoulder sleeve insignia
Active	1917–19
Country	United States
Branch	United States Army
Type	Infantry
Commanders
Notable commanders	Henry Clay Hodges Jr. Terry Allen^[1]

The 17th Division of the United States Army was formed twice during the First World War. It was then recreated a third time as a Second World War 'phantom division' as part of Fortitude South II.^[2]

First World War

The 17th Division first appeared on the rolls of the U.S. Army as a National Guard division. After being activated as a National Guard division, it was quickly redesignated the 38th Division.

The 17th Division was reestablished in 1918 as a war service (National Army) division. The 17th Division included the 33rd Infantry Brigade (September 1918 – February 1919), with the 5th and 83rd Regiments, and the 34th Brigade with the 29th and 84th Regiments.^[3] It also included the 17th Field Artillery Brigade. The 5th Infantry Regiment was assigned on 27 July 1918 to the 17th Division and relieved on 10 February 1919. The 17th Division was intended to be a replacement and school division. The 17th Division did not go overseas and demobilized in January 1919 at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana.^[4]

Second World War

In 1943-44 it was decided to 'reform' the 17th Infantry Division as a military deception. The division was depicted as arriving in England in June 1944, where it came under the control of US XXXVII Corps, US 14th Army, initially the division was located around Birmingham, Staffordshire prior to the division moving to Hatfield Peverel in Essex during July 1944. Depicted as one of the assault divisions in the Pas de Calais landings it would have landed to the left of the US 59th Infantry Division and been followed by the US 25th Armored Division of the US XXXIII Corps.^[5]

In the aftermath of Fortitude South II was depicted as moving to the region around Brighton-Burgess Hill during August 1944 where it was notionally placed under the command of US XXXIII Corps. In October 1944 the division moved to South Wales and was disposed of by announcing that it had been disbanded to provide replacements for other units.^[2]

In addition to the usual divisional support units the 17th Infantry Division was notionally composed of:^[2]

293rd Infantry Regiment
336th Infantry Regiment
375th Infantry Regiment

Notes

^ Holt. 2005. p. 629.
^ ^a ^b ^c Holt. 2005. p. 903.
^ McGrath, 2009, p. 167.
^ Beamish, 2005, p. 566.
^ Hesketh. 1999. p. 418.

References

Beamish, Richard J. (2005). America's Part in the World War: A History of the Greatness of Our Country's Achievements. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 9781417957187.
McGrath, John J. (2009). The Brigade: A History, Its Organization and Employment in the US Army. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 9781428910225.
Holt, Thaddeus (2005). The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War. Phoenix. ISBN 0-75381-917-1.
Hesketh, Roger (1999). Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign. St Ermin's Press. ISBN 0-316-85172-8.

Allied military deception in World War II

Deception planning

'A' Force	Dudley Clarke Victor Jones
London Controlling Section	John Bevan Dennis Wheatley Ronald Wingate
Ops (B)	Noel Wild Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh List of Ops (B) staff
D Division	Peter Fleming
Soviet military deception

Camouflage

Middle East Cmd Camouflage Directorate	Geoffrey Barkas Tony Ayrton Hugh Cott Peter Proud Steven Sykes
Ghost Army	Louis Dalton Porter Ellsworth Kelly David Slepian Bill Blass Art Kane George Vander Sluis
Other	Ernest Townsend Jasper Maskelyne more

Operational units

R Force	David Strangeways
Other	Beach Jumpers

Decoys

Double-Cross System

Twenty Committee	John Cecil Masterman
Double agents	Johnny Jebsen (Artist) Juan Pujol García (Garbo) Roman Czerniawski (Brutus) Roger Grosjean (Fido) Günther Schütz (Rainbow) Arthur Owens (Snow) Gösta Caroli (Summer) Wulf Schmidt (Tate) Nathalie Sergueiew (Treasure) Dušan Popov (Tricycle) Werner von Janowski (Watchdog) Eddie Chapman (Zig-Zag) Josef Jakobs Mutt and Jeff

Fictional units

Operations

Bodyguard	Copperhead D-Day naval deceptions Ferdinand Fortitude Graffham Ironside Titanic Quicksilver Zeppelin
Other	Accumulator Barclay Bertram Boardman Cascade Chettyford Cockade Forfar Hardboiled Mincemeat Pastel Scherhorn Span Waterfall

Books

v t e Divisions of the United States Army
Airborne	11th 13th 17th 80th 82nd 101st 108th
Armored	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 16th 19th 20th 22nd 25th 27th 30th 40th 48th 49th 50th
Cavalry	1st 2nd 3rd 15th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th
Infantry	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 11th 12th 13th 17th 19th 23rd (Americal) 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st 32nd 33rd 34th 35th 36th 37th 38th 39th 40th 41st 42nd 43rd 44th 45th 46th 47th 48th 49th 51st 63rd 65th 66th 69th 70th 71st 75th 76th 77th 78th 79th 80th 81st 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 102nd 103rd 104th 106th 108th Hawaiian Panama Canal Philippine
Mountain	10th
Category

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