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1243 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1243; MCCXLIII
Ab urbe condita	1996
Armenian calendar	692; ԹՎ ՈՂԲ
Assyrian calendar	5993
Balinese saka calendar	1164–1165
Bengali calendar	650
Berber calendar	2193
English Regnal year	27 Hen. 3 – 28 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar	1787
Burmese calendar	605
Byzantine calendar	6751–6752
Chinese calendar	壬寅年 (Water Tiger); 3940 or 3733; — to —; 癸卯年 (Water Rabbit); 3941 or 3734
Coptic calendar	959–960
Discordian calendar	2409
Ethiopian calendar	1235–1236
Hebrew calendar	5003–5004
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1299–1300
- Shaka Samvat	1164–1165
- Kali Yuga	4343–4344
Holocene calendar	11243
Igbo calendar	243–244
Iranian calendar	621–622
Islamic calendar	640–641
Japanese calendar	Ninji 4 / Kangen 1; (寛元元年)
Javanese calendar	1152–1153
Julian calendar	1243; MCCXLIII
Korean calendar	3576
Minguo calendar	669 before ROC; 民前669年
Nanakshahi calendar	−225
Thai solar calendar	1785–1786
Tibetan calendar	阳水虎年; (male Water-Tiger); 1369 or 988 or 216; — to —; 阴水兔年; (female Water-Rabbit); 1370 or 989 or 217

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century; 13th century ; 14th century;
Decades:	1220s; 1230s; 1240s ; 1250s; 1260s;
Years:	1240; 1241; 1242; 1243 ; 1244; 1245; 1246;

Events

March – King Ferdinand III (the Saint) turns the independent Taifa of Murcia into a protectorate, and initiates the process of the colonization and Christianization of the region. He receives the submission of the Moors, under the terms of a peace agreement (the famous Treaty of Alcaraz).
April 27 – Treaty of Bordeaux: King Louis IX (the Saint) and King Henry III agree to a truce that ends the Saintonge War. The truce does not stop the on-going clashes (and further tensions) between France and England.^[1]
Siege of Viterbo: Emperor Frederick II besieges Viterbo on request of the rebel citizens. The defenders are able to set fire to the siege towers and after signing a peace treaty, Frederick is persuaded to withdraw his army.^[2]
Siege of Montségur: French forces (some 10,000 men) begin the siege of Château de Montségur to raze the stronghold held by the rebellious Cathars. The castle is defended by some 100 troops and 500 refugees.^[3]
May 1 – The Castillan troops are garrisoned in Murcia, to support the Hudid Dynasty.^[4]

Spring – Henry III bestows the custody of Kenilworth Castle to Simon de Montfort. Simon's wife Eleanor, Henry's sister, already owned Odiham Castle (or King John's Castle) so Simon has two of the strongest fortresses in England under his control.

June 12 – A Crusader force under Balian III, lord of Beirut, captures Tyre after a long siege. The barons seize the citadel on July 10, with the help of Alice, queen of Cyprus, whose forces arrive on June 15. This ending the War of the Lombards.^[5]

June 26 – Battle of Köse Dağ: The Mongols under Baiju Noyan defeat the Seljuk Turks of the Sultanate of Rum and their Byzantine allies. The Seljuks and the Empire of Trebizond become vassals of the Mongols.

June 25 – Pope Innocent IV succeeds Celestine IV as the 180th pope of the Catholic Church, after a sede vacante of 7 months.

May 31 – James II, Aragonese ruler of Majorca (d. 1311)
June 6 – Alix of Brittany, Breton noblewoman (d. 1288)
June 28 – Go-Fukakusa, emperor of Japan (d. 1304)
September 2
- Gilbert de Clare, English nobleman (d. 1295)
- Walter Langton, bishop of Coventry (d. 1321)
Alfonso Fernández el Niño, Spanish nobleman (d. 1281)
An Hyang (or Ahn Yu), Korean Confucian scholar (d. 1306)
Augustinus Triumphus, Italian hermit and writer (d. 1328)
Awaji Nichiken, Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 1338)
Giles of Rome, Italian friar and archbishop (d. 1316)
John I of Chalon-Auxerre, French nobleman (d. 1309)
Riccoldo da Monte di Croce, Italian missionary (d. 1320)
Roger Bernard III, French nobleman and poet (d. 1302)
Zhenjin (or Chingkim), Mongolian prince (d. 1286)

^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 140. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
^ Dennis Showalter (2013). The Encyclopedia of Warfare: Medieval Wars 500–1500, p. 77. ISBN 978-1-78274-119-0.
^ Claude Lebédel (2011). Understanding the tragedy of the Cathars, p. 109. Editions Quest-France. ISBN 978-2-7373-5267-6.
^ de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 88. ISBN 90-04-11244-8.
^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 185. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.