Ōmura (大村市, Ōmura-shi) is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. As of June 1, 2024, the city had an estimated population of 99,337, and a population density of 780 people per km2.[1] The total area of the city is 126.73 km2 (48.93 sq mi)
History
Ōmura is located in former Hizen Province. It developed in the Edo Period as the castle town of Ōmura Domain, ruled by the local Ōmura clan for over 900 years. It was the site of considerable foreign trade and missionary activity during the late Muromachi period, and the Catholic saintMarina de Omura hails from this city. Due to its proximity to the trading settlement at Dejima in Nagasaki, was one of the first areas of Japan to re-open to foreign contact after the end of the national seclusion policy after the Meiji restoration. In the opera Madama Butterfly, set in nearby Nagasaki, the place name Omara in the line "ed alla damigella Butterfly del quartiere d'Omara Nagasaki" probably refers to Ōmura. From 1868-1945, Ōmura was host to numerous military facilities as part of the Sasebo Naval District, most notably that of a major air base for the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service. The former naval base was the location of the squalid[2]Ōmura Migrant Detention Center, where mainly Korean refugees—termed "stowaways" (mikkōsha synonymous with "smuggler")—were held until deportation, frequently for several years. Since August 1996 the nearby Ōmura Immigration Reception Center in a modern building serves the same function.[3]
The town of Ōmura and the villages of Ōmura, Nishi-Ōmura, Takematsu, Kayase, Fukushige, Matsubara, Miura, Suzuta were established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Ōmura annexed Ōmura village on April 1, 1925 and Nishi-Ōmura and Takematsu Village on November 3, 1939. On February 11, 1942 Ōmura merged with Miura, Suzuta, Kayase, Fukushige, and Matsubara to form the city of Ōmura.[4] The city was largely destroyed by American bombing in 1944. After the war, Omura hosted Japan's first motorboat racing event in 1952. Additionally in 1975, the city opened the world's first island airport; Nagasaki Airport which is located offshore in Ōmura Bay. The airport was constructed by reclaiming land on Minoshima Island after the island's residents agreed to relocate to replace the former airport which is now used by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.[4][5]
Geography
Ōmura is located on the eastern shore of Ōmura Bay, at the western foot of the Tara mountain range. The Ōmura Plain is one of the few large ares of flat land in Nagasaki Prefecture and the main urban area is on an alluvial fan of the Kori River and Ojoto River. The eastern part of the city is dominated by the steep mountains of the Tara mountain range, with the 1,076 meter Mount Kyogatake as the highest point, and deep valleys carved by the various rivers.
Ōmura has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen:Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. The average annual temperature in Ōmura is 17.3 °C (63.1 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,811.1 mm (71.30 in) with June and July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), and lowest in January, at around 6.7 °C (44.1 °F).[6] Its record high is 38.7 °C (101.7 °F), reached on 12 August 2018, and its record low is −6.2 °C (20.8 °F), reached on 25 January 2016.[7]
Climate data for Ōmura (1996−2020 normals, extremes 1996−present)
Per Japanese census data, the population of Ōmura in 2022 is 98,237 people.[8] Ōmura has been conducting censuses since 1960. Although the city's population declined slightly in the 1960s, Ōmura's population has been growing since 1970.
Ōmura has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 25 members. Ōmura contributes three members to the Nagasaki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Nagasaki 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Oriental Air Bridge, a regional airline, is headquartered in the city.[9] At one time J-Air had its headquarters at the airport.[10]
Education
Ōmura has 15 public elementary schools and six public junior high schools operated by the town government, and three public high schools operated by the Nagasaki Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private high school. The Nagasaki-based Kwassui Women's University has a campus in Ōmura.
^"East Asian version of the Nazi concentration camps ... We should not be misled by the facts that it has no gas chambers ..." Hayashi Kōzō, cit. in: Morris-Suzuki, Tessa; Borderline Japan: foreigners and frontier controls in the post-war era; Cambridge 2010; ISBN978-0-521-86460-2, p. 167
^Morris-Suzuki, Tessa; Borderline Japan: foreigners and frontier controls in the post-war era; Cambridge 2010; ISBN978-0-521-86460-2. Ch. 6
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