^Lowe، Denise (2014). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women in Early American Films: 1895-1930. روتليدج. ص. 460–462. ISBN:9781317718963.
^Slide، Anthony (2010). Silent Players: A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses. University Press of Kentucky. ص. 333–334. ISBN:9780813137452.
