ميليشيا

الميليشيا أو التنظيم المسلح أو الجماعة المسلحة، جيش تشكله عادة قوات غير نظامية من مواطنين، يعملون عادة بأسلوب حرب العصابات، بعكس مقاتلي الجيوش النظامية الجنود المحترفين.[1][2][3] أو قد يكونون من ناحية تاريخية مقاتلين ينتمون لطبقات نبيلة مثل الساموراي والفرسان. مع بدايات القرن العشرين، ظهرت ميليشيات يمكن اعتبار أعضائها مقاتلين محترفين مع بقاء حالتهم كـ«مقاتلين وقت جزئي» أو «عند الطلب». ويمكن أن تكون في عدة إطارات:

  • قوات تابعة للجيش النظامي كما الحال في الصين أو سويسرا.
  • منظمات مسلحة تابعة لأحزاب أو حركات سياسية، مثلًا حزب الله اللبناني.[4][5]
  • قوات دفاعية يقع تشكيلها من طرف سلطات أو مواطني منطقة سكنية أو جغرافية محددة في إطار جهوي أو ديني وقد تكون مدعومة أو معاقبة من السلطات.

المراجع

  1. ^ [1] نسخة محفوظة March 6, 2012, على موقع واي باك مشين. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-03-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-24.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. ^ Linder، Doug (2008). "United States vs. Miller (U.S. 1939)". Exploring Constitutional Law. University of Missouri-Kansas City Law School. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-07-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-07-26.
  3. ^ Fields, William S.؛ Hardy, David T. (Spring 1992). "The Militia and the Constitution: A Legal History". Military Law Review. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-03. Charles II demobilized the army, keeping only troops that he felt would be loyal to the new regime...Charles's "select" militia was composed only of a small part of the population...
  4. ^ Carla E. Humud (2023). حزب الله اللبناني (بالإنجليزية). CRS Reports. Archived from the original on 2023-06-01.
  5. ^ Levitt، Matthew (26 يوليو 2021). "نشاطات حزب الله الإقليمية لدعم شبكات إيران بالوكالة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-05-13.

وصلات خارجية

في كومنز صور وملفات عن Militias.


أيقونة بذرة

هذه بذرة مقالة عن موضوع له علاقة بالعسكرية بحاجة للتوسيع. فضلًا شارك في تحريرها.

Read other articles:

Vanilla

Spice extracted from orchids of the genus Vanilla This article is about the flavoring. For other uses, see Vanilla (disambiguation). Vanilla bean redirects here. For the Washington, D.C. milliner, see Vanilla Beane. For the Japanese band, see Vanilla Beans (band). Vanilla planifolia, flower Dried vanilla beans Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily obtained from pods of the flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia).[1] Vanilla is not autogamous, so poll...

 

Götz Spielmann

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Götz Spielmann – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Götz SpielmannSpielmann saat mempersembahkan Revanche di festival film Lintas Eropa Linz, AustriaLahir11 Januari 1961Wels, Austria Götz Sp...

 

Martin Landau

Martin LandauLandau pada tahun 1968Lahir(1928-06-20)20 Juni 1928Brooklyn, New York, Amerika SerikatMeninggal15 Juli 2017(2017-07-15) (umur 89)Los Angeles, California, Amerika SerikatSebab meninggalSerangan jantungPendidikanJames Madison High SchoolAlmamaterInstitut PrattPekerjaanAktor dan pelatih aktingTahun aktif1955–2017OrganisasiActors StudioSuami/istriBarbara Bain ​ ​(m. 1957; c. 1993)​AnakSusan Bain Landau FinchJuliet Land...

Histoire militaire du Brésil

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le Brésil et le domaine militaire. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Huile sur toile de la bataille des Guararapes par Victor Meirelles (1875 - 1879) L'histoire militaire du Brésil au temps de la colonisation portugaise est marquée par de nombreux conflits avec les indigènes et par une lutte avec quelques grandes puissances européennes comme la France, l...

 

James Bradley (American author)

American author For the Australian novelist and critic, see James Bradley (Australian writer). James Bradley (2003) James Bradley (born May 4, 1954) is an American author from Antigo, Wisconsin,[1] specializing in historical nonfiction chronicling the Pacific theatre of World War II. His father, John Bradley, was involved in the first raising of the American flag on Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945.[2] Biography This section is empty. You can help by addin...

 

Shane Warne

Australian cricketer (1969–2022) Warnie redirects here. For the 2023 TV series, see Warnie (miniseries). Shane WarneAOWarne in February 2015Personal informationFull nameShane Keith WarneBorn(1969-09-13)13 September 1969Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria, AustraliaDied4 March 2022(2022-03-04) (aged 52)Ko Samui, ThailandNicknameWarnie,[1] The King, King of SpinHeight1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)BattingRight-handedBowlingRight-arm leg breakRoleBowlerInternational information ...

Banco di Sardegna

Banco di Sardegna S.p.A.Company typePublicIndustryBankingFounded1953HeadquartersSassari, ItalyProductsBanking, Financial servicesNumber of employees3374 (June 30, 2008)Websitebancosardegna.it Banco di Sardegna's headquarter and Presidency in Sassari The Banco di Sardegna S.p.A. (English: Bank of Sardinia) is a bank headquartered in Sassari, Italy and operating primarily on the island of Sardinia, with offices also in Lombardy, Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna, Liguria and Lazio.[1] The bank is...

 

Nuova Irlanda

Questa voce sull'argomento isole della Papua Nuova Guinea è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Nuova IrlandaGeografia fisicaLocalizzazioneOceano Pacifico Coordinate3°19′48″S 152°00′00″E / 3.33°S 152°E-3.33; 152Coordinate: 3°19′48″S 152°00′00″E / 3.33°S 152°E-3.33; 152 Arcipelagoarcipelago di Bismarck Superficie8.650 km² Altitudine massimaMonte Lambel, 2.150 m s.l.m. Geografi...

 

Култукское городское поселение

Городское поселение России (МО 2-го уровня)Култукское городское поселение 51°43′06″ с. ш. 103°40′48″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект РФ Иркутская область Район Слюдянский Включает 5 населённых пунктов Адм. центр Култук Глава городского поселения Тулаев Александ...

Transhumance

Type of pastoralism Seter redirects here. For other uses, see Seter (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Transhumanism. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article appears to be slanted towards recent events. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. (June 2018) This article needs additional citation...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

Richard Graves MacDonnell

Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell Governor of Hong Kong 6thPenguasa monarkiVictoriaLieutenant GovernorMG Sir Philip GuyMG James BrunkerMG Henry WhitfieldColonial SecretaryJohn Gardiner AustinPendahuluLord RosmeadPenggantiSir Arthur KennedyLieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia 31stPenguasa monarkiQueen VictoriaPendahuluSir Charles Hastings DoylePenggantiGeneral Sir William WilliamsGovernor of South Australia 6thPenguasa monarkiQueen VictoriaPerdana MenteriBoyle Travers Finniss 1856–57Jo...

منتخب صربيا لهوكي الجليد للناشئين

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يوليو 2019) هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسي...

 

CF Mounana

Football clubCF MounanaFull nameCentre de formation de MounanaFoundedNovember 2006; 17 years ago (2006-11)GroundStade Augustin Monédan de SibangLibreville, GabonCapacity7,000ChairmanHervé Patrick OpiangahManagerKevin IbingaLeagueGabon Championnat National D1 The Centre de Formation de Mounana, also known as CF Mounana, is a Gabonese football club based in Mounana. History CF Mounana won the Gabonese national Championship for the first time in 2012.[1] Honours ...

 

Guyot

For other uses, see Guyot (disambiguation). Isolated, flat-topped underwater volcano mountain The Bear Seamount (left), a guyot in the northern Atlantic Ocean In marine geology, a guyot (/ˈɡiː.oʊ, ɡiːˈoʊ/),[1][2] also called a tablemount, is an isolated underwater volcanic mountain (seamount) with a flat top more than 200 m (660 ft) below the surface of the sea.[3] The diameters of these flat summits can exceed 10 km (6 mi).[3] Guyot...

Peter Aduja

American politician Peter AdujaTerritorial House of Representatives memberIn office1954–1956[1]District Court JudgeIn office1960–1962[2]State House of Representatives member, 23rd District[3]In office1966–1974[2] Personal detailsBornPeter Aquino Aduja[4](1920-10-19)19 October 1920[4]Salindig, Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Luzon, Philippine Islands[5]Died19 February 2007(2007-02-19) (aged 86)[4]Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.[2]Re...

 

Edward E. Denison

American politician Edward E. DenisonMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Illinois's 25th districtIn officeMarch 4, 1915 – March 3, 1931Preceded byRobert P. HillSucceeded byKent E. Keller Personal detailsBorn(1873-08-28)August 28, 1873Marion, IllinoisDiedJune 17, 1953(1953-06-17) (aged 79)Carbondale, IllinoisPolitical partyRepublican Edward Everett Denison (August 28, 1873 – June 17, 1953) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Early life Born in...

 

Controlled burn

Technique to reduce potential fuel for wildfire through managed burning Back-burn redirects here. For the village in Scotland, see Backburn. For the Canadian group, see Backburner (hip hop group). For the controlled burns managed by Aboriginal Australians, see Fire-stick farming. Not to be confused with Control of fire by early humans. Prescribed fire in ponderosa pine forest in eastern Washington, United States, to restore ecosystem health Firing the woods in a South Carolina forest with a c...

National Register of Historic Places listings in Roanoke, Virginia

Not to be confused with National Register of Historic Places listings in Roanoke County, Virginia. Location of Roanoke in Virginia This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Roanoke, Virginia. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in the independent city of Roanoke, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude co...

 

Den Ham (Westerkwartier)

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité néerlandaise. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Den Ham Administration Pays Pays-Bas Province Groningue Commune Westerkwartier Code postal 9833 Démographie Population 287 hab. (2018) Géographie Coordonnées 53° 16′ 23″ nord, 6° 25′ 41″ est Localisation Géolocalisation sur la carte : Pays-Bas ...