مجموعة مغلقة

في الطوبولوجيا، وفي فضاء طوبولوجي (E,T) تكون مَجْمُوعَةٌ مُغْـلَـقـةً ونسميها مغلقةً كل جزءٍ من E تُكَـمِّـلُهُ مفتوحةٌ.[1][2]

وتسمّى مغلقاتٍ لأن مهما تراكمت متتالياتٍ من نقطها لاتتراكم خارجَها و إذْ هي انتهت كذلك لا تنـتـه إلاّ فيها.

خواص

  • في الفضاء الطوبولوجي، تكون المجموعة مغلقة إذا وفقط إذا كانت تحتوي على غالقها.
  • إن اتحاد مجموعتين مغلقتين هو مجموعة مغلقة، وتقاطع أي عدد من المجموعات المغلقة هو مجموعة مغلقة.

انظر أيضاً

مراجع

  1. ^ Munkres، James R. (2000). Topology (ط. 2nd). برنتيس هول  [لغات أخرى]‏. ISBN:0-13-181629-2.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
  2. ^ Rudin، Walter (1976). Principles of Mathematical Analysis. ماكجرو هيل التعليم. ISBN:0-07-054235-X.

Read other articles:

Estelle ParsonsParsons di episode Love, American Style, 1973.LahirEstelle Margaret Parsons20 November 1927 (umur 96)Lynn, Massachusetts, A.S.PekerjaanAktris, penyanyiTahun aktif1956–sekarangSuami/istriRichard Gehman ​ ​(m. 1953; c. 1958)​ Peter Zimroth ​ ​(m. 1983)​Anak3 Estelle Margaret Parsons (lahir 20 November 1927) adalah seorang aktris, penyanyi, dan produser asal Amerika Serikat.[1] ...

 

 

Stanley Glen LoveLahir8 Juni 1965 (umur 58)San Diego, California, ASStatusAktifKebangsaanAmerika SerikatPekerjaanIlmuwan planetariumKarier luar angkasaAntariksawan NASAWaktu di luar angkasa12 hari 18 jam 22 menitSeleksi1998 NASA GroupMisiSTS-122Lambang misi Stanley Glen Love, Ph.D. (lahir 8 Juni 1965) adalah seorang ilmuwan Amerika Serikat dan antariksawan NASA asal Oregon.[1] Love telah menikah dan memiliki dua anak. Referensi  Artikel ini berisi bahan berstatus domai...

 

 

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Gasket sailing – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) A gasket holding the main-royal on a modern square-rigged training ship. In sailing, gaskets are lengths of rope or fabric used for reefing a sail...

Prefektur Yamagata 山形県PrefekturTranskripsi Jepang • Jepang山形県 • RōmajiYamagata-ken BenderaLambangNegaraJepangWilayahTōhokuPulauHonshūIbu kotaYamagataPemerintahan • GubernurMieko YoshimuraLuas • Total9,325,15 km2 (3,60.046 sq mi)Peringkat9thPopulasi (Oktober 1, 2019) • Total1.077.057 • Peringkat35th • Kepadatan116/km2 (300/sq mi)Kode ISO 3166JP-06Distrik8Munisipalita...

 

 

Türkiye 1.Lig 1967-1968 Competizione Türkiye 1.Lig Sport Calcio Edizione 10ª Organizzatore TFF Luogo  Turchia Partecipanti 17 Formula Girone unico Sito web tff.org Risultati Vincitore  Fenerbahçe(5º titolo) Retrocessioni  Hacettepe Ankaragücü Feriköy Statistiche Miglior marcatore Fevzi Zemzem (19) Incontri disputati 256 Gol segnati 598 (2,34 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1966-67 1968-69 Manuale L'edizione 1967-1968 della Türkiye 1.Lig...

 

 

American record label Riverside RecordsFounded1953 (1953)FounderBill Grauer, Jr Orrin KeepnewsDefunct1964 (1964)StatusDefunctGenreJazz, blues, folkCountry of originU.S.LocationNew York City Riverside Records was an American jazz record company and label. Founded by Orrin Keepnews and Bill Grauer, Jr, under his firm Bill Grauer Productions in 1953, the label played an important role in the jazz record industry for a decade.[1][2] Riverside headquarters were located in...

Mười quốc gia lớn nhất chiếm hơn nửa diện tích đất liền trên toàn thế giới   Nga (12.6%)  Trung Quốc (7.07%)  Hoa Kỳ (7.22%)  Canada (7.36%)  Brazil (6.28%)  Úc (5.60%)  Ấn Độ (2.42%)  Argentina (2.05%)  Kazakhstan (2.01%)  Algeria (1.76%)  Khác (45.63%) Đây là danh sách quốc gia và lãnh thổ phụ thuộc theo diện tích đất liề...

 

 

若纳斯·萨文比Jonas Savimbi若纳斯·萨文比,摄于1990年出生(1934-08-03)1934年8月3日 葡屬西非比耶省Munhango(葡萄牙語:Munhango)逝世2002年2月22日(2002歲—02—22)(67歲) 安哥拉莫希科省卢库塞效命 安哥拉民族解放阵线 (1964–1966) 争取安哥拉彻底独立全国联盟 (1966–2002)服役年份1964 – 2002军衔将军参与战争安哥拉独立战争安哥拉內戰 若纳斯·马列罗·萨文比(Jonas Malheiro Savimbi,1...

 

 

Not-for-profit trade association Council of Fashion Designers of AmericaAbbreviationCFDAFormation1962; 62 years ago (1962)FounderEleanor LambertTypeTrade associationLegal statusNonprofit organizationPurposeTo strengthen the impact of American fashion in the global economyLocationManhattan, New York CityFieldsFashionMembership (2019) 484[1]ChairmanThom BrowneCEOSteven KolbWebsitecfda.com The Council of Fashion Designers of America, Inc. (CFDA), founded in 1962 by publ...

Mexican corn or wheat tortilla This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) For doblada in other cuisines, see doblada. Dobladas in a molcajete Doblada in Mexican food, is a corn tortilla or wheat tortilla, folded one time, forming a half circle, or folded twice fo...

 

 

Japanese automobile manufacturer This article is about the multinational automobile manufacturer. For other uses, see Nissan (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Nisan, Nissae, or Nissay. Nissan Motor CorporationLogo since 2020Nissan headquarters in Yokohama, Kanagawa PrefectureNative name日産自動車株式会社Romanized nameNissan Jidōsha kabushiki gaishaCompany typePublic (kabushiki gaisha)Traded as TYO: 7201 Nikkei 225 component (7201) TOPIX Large 70 component (7201) IndustryAuto...

 

 

American college football season 2019 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens footballConferenceColonial Athletic AssociationRecord5–7 (3–5 CAA)Head coachDanny Rocco (3rd season)Offensive coordinatorJared Ambrose (1st season)Defensive coordinatorChris Cosh (3rd season)Home stadiumDelaware StadiumSeasons← 20182020 → 2019 Colonial Athletic Association football standings vte Conf Overall Team   W   L     W   L   No. 2 James Madison ...

Prefect in ancient Rome Politics of ancient Rome Periods Roman Kingdom753–509 BC Roman Republic509–27 BC Roman Empire27 BC – AD 395 Principate27 BC – AD 284 DominateAD 284–641 WesternAD 395–476 EasternAD 395–1453 Timeline Constitution Kingdom Republic Sullan republic Empire Augustan reforms Late Empire Political institutions Imperium Collegiality Auctoritas Roman citizenship Cursus honorum Assemblies Centuriate Curiate Plebeian Tribal Ordinary magistrates Consul Praetor Quaestor...

 

 

Indian historian Sarvepalli GopalBorn(1923-04-23)23 April 1923Chennai, IndiaDied20 April 2002(2002-04-20) (aged 78)Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaOccupationHistorianSubjectIndian HistoryNotable awardsPadma Vibhushan, 1999 (for his contribution to Indian history)[1]SpouseKaveri/Indira Ramaswami (1949)ParentsSarvepalli Radhakrishnan (father)Sarvepalli Sivakamu (mother) Sarvepalli Gopal (23 April 1923 – 20 April 2002)[2] was a well-known Indian historian.[3] He was the ...

 

 

For related races, see 1950 United States gubernatorial elections. 1950 Connecticut gubernatorial election ← 1948 November 7, 1950 1954 →   Nominee John Davis Lodge Chester Bowles Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 436,418 419,404 Percentage 49.66% 47.73% County resultsLodge:      50–60%      60–70%Bowles:      40–50%      50–60% Governor before el...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Petropavlovsk. Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski (ru) Петропавловск-Камчатский Héraldique Drapeau La ville de Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski et le volcan Koriakski en arrière-plan à gauche. Administration Pays Russie Région économique Extrême-Orient District fédéral Extrême-oriental Sujet fédéral Kraï du Kamtchatka Code postal 683000 — 683049 Code OKATO 30 401 Indicatif (+7) 41522 Démographie Population 162 992 hab. (2023) ...

 

 

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Chattanooga (disambigua). Chattanoogacity(EN) City of Chattanooga Chattanooga – VedutaDowntown Chattanooga LocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato Tennessee ConteaHamilton AmministrazioneSindacoAndy Berke (D) TerritorioCoordinate35°02′44″N 85°16′02″W35°02′44″N, 85°16′02″W (Chattanooga) Altitudine206 m s.l.m. Superficie374,51 km² Abitanti181 099 (2020) Densità483,56 a...

 

 

This article is about the combustion engine issue. For the firefighting method, see Controlled burn. This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article is missing information about description. Please expand the article to include this information. Further det...

Na meteorologické mapě jsou izobary vyznačeny černě V meteorologii je izobara čára (izolinie) spojující na mapě místa se stejným tlakem vzduchu přepočteným na hladinu moře. Izobary jsou čáry, které se nikdy neprotínají. Mohou být uzavřené, pak se jedná o tlakovou níži (cyklónu) nebo výši (anticyklónu). Mohou být také otevřené, jedná se pak o brázdy (výběžky, hřebeny, pásy) nízkého nebo vysokého tlaku vzduchu. Externí odkazy Slovníkové heslo izob...

 

 

Danish theologian, philosopher, poet and social critic (1813–1855) Kierkegaard redirects here. For the surname, see Kierkegaard (surname). Søren KierkegaardUnfinished sketch of Kierkegaard by his cousin Niels Christian Kierkegaard, Royal Library, Copenhagen, c. 1840BornSøren Aabye Kierkegaard(1813-05-05)5 May 1813Copenhagen, Denmark, Denmark–NorwayDied11 November 1855(1855-11-11) (aged 42)Copenhagen, DenmarkEducationUniversity of CopenhagenPartnerRegine Olsen (1840–1841)Era...