Tanag

Volledige stel van rolle, wat saam die Tanag vorm
Fragment uit die Leningradse codex of Codex Leningradensis. Dit is die oudste nog bestaande volledige handskrif van die Tanag se Masoretiese teks en dateer uit die jaar 1008

Die Tanag, soms ook Tenag (Hebreeus: תַּנַ״ךְ, [taˈnaχ] of [təˈnax]) of Mikra (מִקְרָא) genoem, is die belangrikste boek in Judaïsme, nog voor die Talmoed. Die Tanag bestaan uit die drie gedeeltes Tora ("onderwysing", "leerstelling", "ontwerp"), Newi'im ("Profete") en Ketoewim ("Skrifte"). TNK is die akroniem van dié dele se voorletters (תנ״ך). Die Tanag is 'n versameling van altesaam 24 Bybelse boeke in Hebreeus, waarvan twee (Daniël en Esra) langer Aramese teksgedeeltes behels. Die oorspronklike teks bestaan net uit medeklinkers. Vanaf die 8ste eeu het 'n groep Joodse skrifgeleerdes in Galilea, die Masorete, 'n stelsel van diakritiese skryftekens ontwikkel wat klinkers en beklemtoning aandui om sodoende die korrekte uitspraak vas te hou. Hierdie Masoretiese teks is gesaghebbend vir Rabbynse Judaïsme en vir Protestantse en Katolieke Bybelvertalings. In die sekondêre letterkunde word na die Tanag soms as "Joodse" of "Hebreeuse Bybel" verwys.

Die Christendom het al die boeke van die Tanag oorgeneem en in 'n ander volgorde as sy Ou Testament gekanoniseer (Bybelse kanon), byvoorbeeld word in die Protestantse Bybel dieselfde inhoud in 39 Bybelboeke verdeel.[1]

Moderne geleerdes wat die geskiedenis van die Hebreeuse Bybel navors, gebruik 'n verskeidenheid bronne, bykomend tot die Masoretiese teks.[2] Hierdie bronne sluit vroeë Griekse (Septuagint) en Siriese (Pesjitta) vertalings en die Samaritaanse Pentateug in. Verskille tussen dié bronne en die Masoretiese teks het aanleiding gegee tot die teorie dat nog 'n teks van die Hebreeuse Bybel, bekend as Urtext, eens bestaan het en die bron van die weergawes is wat vandag nog bestaan.[3] So 'n Urtext is nog nooit gevind nie. Met die ontdekking van die Dooie See-rolle in 1947 het egter Bybelse handskrifte beskikbaar geword wat uit die 2de eeu v.C. dateer. Dié handskrifte toon dat die Masoretiese teks 'n baie stiptelike weergawe is van die oudste bekende bronne.[4]

Verwysings

  1. ↑ (de) Adolf M. Ritter: Zur Kanonbildung in der Alten Kirche, in: Charisma und Caritas. Aufsätze zur Alten Kirche, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1997, ISBN 3-525-58160-2, bl. 273 ff.
  2. ↑ "Scholars seek Hebrew Bible's original text – but was there one?". Jewish Telegraphic Agency (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 23 April 2020. Besoek op 3 April 2019.
  3. ↑ (en) Isaac Leo Seeligmann, Robert Hanhart, Hermann Spieckermann: The Septuagint Version of Isaiah and Cognate Studies, Tübingen 2004, bl. 33–34.
  4. ↑ (en) Shanks, Herschel (4 Augustus 1992). Understanding the Dead Sea Scrolls (1ste uitg.). Random House. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-679-41448-3.

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