Robert Rosenthal (USAAF-Offisier)

Lt. Kol. Robert Rosenthal

Luitenant-kolonel Robert "Rosie" Rosenthal (11 Junie 1917 – 20 April 2007) was 'n Amerikaanse prokureur en weermagoffisier. Rosenthal, 'n hoogs erkende B-17-bevelvoerder van die Agtste Lugmag van die Amerikaanse Leërlugmag in die Tweede Wêreldoorlog, was 'n ontvanger van die Distinguished Service Cross en twee Silver Stars. Alhoewel bomwerperspanne aanvanklik slegs 25 gevegsmissies in 'n gevegstoer moes voltooi om die reg te verdien om huis toe te gaan, het Rosenthal altesaam 52 missies gevlieg en is twee keer afgeskiet. Na die oorlog het Rosenthal as 'n assistent van die Amerikaanse aanklaer by die Neurenberg-verhore gedien.

Vroeë lewe

Rosenthal is gebore in 'n Joodse gesin[1] in Brooklyn, New York, en het in die Flatbush-woonbuurt grootgeword. Hy was die kaptein van die bofbal- en sokkerspanne van Brooklyn College, wat in 1938 gegradueer het. Hy het summa cum laude aan die Brooklyn Law School gegradueer, en het by 'n prokureursfirma in Manhattan gewerk toe die Japannese Keiserlike Vloot Pearl Harbor op 7 Desember 1941 aangeval het.[2]

Tweede Wêreldoorlog

Hy het op 8 Desember by die Amerikaanse weermag aangesluit en versoek om opgelei te word vir frontlinie diens. In Augustus 1943 het hy as vlieënier en vliegtuigbevelvoerder van 'n Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress-bemanning aangesluit by die 418th Bombardment Eskader, 100th Bombardment Group, gestasioneer by RAF Thorpe Abbotts in Engeland.

Op die sending van 10 Oktober 1943 oor Münster, Duitsland, was slegs die derde sending vir Rosenthal se bemanning met die 100ste Bomwerper Groep, die B-17F s/n 42-6087, met die bynaam Royal Flush,[3] wat die bemanning gevlieg het, die enigste vliegtuig uit 13 van die groep wat Münster bereik het om terug te keer na die basis. Royal Flush het terug in Engeland geland met twee enjins dood, die interkom en die suurstofstelsel nie-funksioneel nie, en met 'n groot gat in die regtervlerk.[4] Later het die grondspanne 'n onontplofte kanonkop in een van Royal Flush se vlerk tenks gevind.[5] Rosenthal sou sy eerste Silver Star vir hierdie sending ontvang.

Op 8 Maart 1944 het Rosenthal se bemanning, met die bynaam Rosie's Riveters, hul gevegstoer van 25 missies voltooi, hoewel die B-17F (s/n 42-30758) wat hulle gewoonlik met dieselfde naam gevlieg het, afgeskiet is terwyl dit deur 'n ander bemanning gevlieg is, tydens 'n sending op 4 Februarie 1944 na Frankfurt, Duitsland. Die bemanning het na die Verenigde State teruggekeer, maar Rosenthal het sy toer verleng en uiteindelik 'n totaal van 52 missies gevlieg. In Mei 1944 neem hy bevel oor die 350ste Bombardement Eskader.

Op 10 September 1944 is Rosenthal se B-17G Terrible Termite (s/n 42-97770), wat op 'n sending gevlieg het om Neurenberg te bombardeer, deur flak getref en het naby Reims in die Duits-besette Frankryk neergestort.[6] Saam met al die offisiere op sy vliegtuig is hy ernstig beseer. Toe hy aan 'n gebreekte arm en neus gely het, is hy bewusteloos deur Vrye Franse uit die kajuit gehaal, teruggevlieg na Engeland, en by 'n hospitaal in Oxford wakker geword.[7] Rosenthal sou sy tweede Silwer Ster na hierdie sending ontvang. Hy het na diens teruggekeer sodra hy genees het. Rosenthal is toegewys aan 'n lessenaarwerk by die vleuelhoofkwartier, maar hy het daarin geslaag om terug te keer na die 100ste Bomwerpergroep en bevel te neem oor sy ou eskader, die 418ste.[7]

Op sy laaste gevegsending op 3 Februarie 1945 was Rosenthal, onder bevel van die 418ste, deel van 'n duisend-vliegtuigaanval teen Berlyn. Sy B-17G (s/n 44-8379), die voorste bomwerper, het 'n direkte flak getref wat twee van sy bemanning gedood het. Alhoewel sy vliegtuig in vlamme was, het hy na die teiken gegaan om sy bomvrag te laat val, en toe by die vliegtuig gebly tot nadat die res van die bemanning uitgekom het, net voordat dit op 'n hoogte van slegs sowat 300 m ontplof het. Hy is deur die Rooi Leër gevind en weer na diens teruggekeer.[8][9] Rosenthal sou die Distinguished Service Cross vir hierdie missie toegeken word. Onder die geboue wat in die bomaanval getref is, was die "Volkshof", wat die hof se president, berugte "hangende regter" Roland Freisler, gedood het. Freisler was 'n deelnemer van die Wannsee-konferensie, wat planne vir die " Finale Oplossing vir die Joodse vraagstuk" geformaliseer het.[10]

Na die oorlog het Rosenthal as assistent van die Amerikaanse aanklaer by die Neurenberg-verhore gedien, waar hy die voormalige hoof van die Duitse Lugmag, Hermann Göring en Wilhelm Keitel, voormalige hoof van die Duitse Gewapende Magte se Opperbevel Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) ondervra het.[11]

Toekennings en medaljes

Teen die einde van sy diens het hy 'n totaal van 16 medaljies verdien, insluitend die Distinguished Service Cross, die Silver Star (met tros), die Distinguished Flying Cross (met tros), die Lugmedalje, (met sewe trosse), die Purple Heart (met balkie), plus die Britse Distinguished Flying Cross en die Franse Croix de Guerre.[10]

Distinguished Service Cross-aanhaling

Rosenthal, Robert Dag van Aksie: 3 Februarie 1945 Aanhaling: 

"Vir buitengewone heldhaftigheid in aksie teen die vyand op 3 Februarie 1945 terwyl hy gedien het as lugbevelvoerder van 'n formasie van sie Swaar Bombardament Divisies wat die Templehof treininfrastruktuur, Berlyn, Duitsland, aangeval het. Op hierdie datum, terwyl hy op die bombardement was, het sy vliegtuig direk getref deur vyand-vliegtuigvuur wat ernstige skade aan die vliegtuig aangerig het en 'n intense vuur in die bomkompartemente begin het. Hy het sy persoonlike veiligheid heeltemal verontagsaam en ten spyte van die dreigende gevaar van ontploffing, het hy voortgegaan om sy formasie oor die teiken te lei. Die buitengewone heldhaftigheid, bekwame lugmanskap en intense vasberadenheid om sy toegewese missie te voltooi wat deur lt. kol. Rosenthal by hierdie geleentheid getoon is, is in ooreenstemming met die hoogste tradisie van die gewapende magte van die Verenigde State."[12]

Persoonlik en later lewe

Robert Rosenthal is getroud met Phillis Heller (1918–2011), wat hy ontmoet het op die seereis na Duitsland, wat as 'n WAVE (United States Naval Reserve -Women's Reserve) gedien het, en was ook nog 'n prokureur op die aanklaerspersoneel vir die verhore, in Neurenberg, en hulle het 3 kinders gehad (Peggy) , Steve & Dan); hy is op 20 April 2007 op 89-jarige ouderdom in White Plains, New York, oorlede.[13][14]Hy is begrawe in die Sharon Gardens Cemetery plot Community Synagogue of Rye Lot 197 Grave 3.[15]

Populere kultuur

  • In 2006 is Rosenthal in die Joods-Amerikaanse Hall of Fame opgeneem en medaljes is gemaak wat Rosenthal en sy bemanning uitbeeld.
  • Rosenthal se toer met die 100ste BG is gedokumenteer in Lt. Kol Harry Herbert Crosby se 1993 memoires van die 100ste BG, "Wing and a Prayer."[16]
  • Rosenthal se oorlogservarings met die 100ste Bomwerper Groep is in die boek Masters of the Air: America’s Bomber Boys Who Fight the Air War Against Nazi Germany (2007) deur die historikus Donald L. Miller vertoon. Hy word deur Nate Mann uitgebeeld in die nege-deel Apple TV+ minireeks Masters of the Air (2024).[17]

Verwysings

  1. ↑ Klinger, Jerry (19 Maart 2018). "Jews, the 8th Air Force, Machal, and the Slany Holocaust Torah". Times of Israel. Besoek op 21 Februarie 2024.
  2. ↑ Martin, Douglas (29 April 2007). "Robert Rosenthal, Leader in Bombing Raids and Lawyer at Nuremberg, Dies at 89". The New York Times (in Engels (VSA)). ISSN 0362-4331. Besoek op 21 Februarie 2024.
  3. ↑ "Official Website of the 100th Bomb Group (Heavy) Foundation – Aircraft – 26087". 100thbg.com. 100th Bomb Group Foundation. 2014. Besoek op 15 September 2020. "10 Oct 1943 R Rosenthal / Munster Cat AC damage – #1 eng out, oxygen out. Sole survivor of 100BG
  4. ↑ "Black Week (October 8–14, 1943) – Munster – 10 Oct 1943". 100thbg.com. 100th Bomb Group (Heavy) Foundation. 10 April 2012. Besoek op 8 Oktober 2018. A/C 42-6087 "ROYAL FLUSH" 418TH LD-Z – LT ROBERT ROSENTHAL – P[ilot] – CPT – FLEW 52 MISSIONS – Die enigste bemanning wat van die sending teruggekeer het met twee enjins het uitgeskiet en twee bemanningslede ernstig gewond.
  5. ↑ Miller 2006, p. 21.
  6. ↑ "Aircraft: Terrible Termite (3)". 100th Bomb Group Foundation (in Engels (VSA)). Besoek op 20 Februarie 2024.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Miller 2006, p. 423.
  8. ↑ "100th Bomb Group Foundation – Personnel – LT COL Robert ROSENTHAL". 100thbg.com. 100th Bomb Group Foundation. Besoek op 5 Desember 2016. Dec 1, 1944 – Feb 3, 1945 – 418th BS, 100th BG (H) ETOUSAAF (8AF) Squadron Commander, 55 hours, B-17 Air Leader 5 c/m (combat missions) 45 c/hrs (combat hours) 1 Division Lead (Berlin Feb 3, 1945, shot down, picked up by Russians and returned to England) Acting Command 4 Wing Leads, Pilot Feb 3, 1945 – BERLIN – MACR #12046, – A/C#44 8379
  9. ↑ "Lt Col Robert Rosenthal" at the 100th Bomb Group Foundation. Of the eleven crewmen: four landed in Russian lines; four were POWs; two were KIA; 1 evaded capture.
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 "MILITARY HONOREE ― ROBERT "ROSIE" ROSENTHAL – THE JEWISH-AMERICAN HALL OF FAME" (in Engels (VSA)). Besoek op 21 Februarie 2024.
  11. ↑ Novellino, Teresa (26 Januarie 2024). "Robert "Rosie" Rosenthal '41 Featured in Spielberg's WWII Drama "Masters of the Air"". Brooklyn Law School. Besoek op 20 Maart 2024.
  12. ↑ "Lt. Col. Robert "Rosie" Rosenthal Awards And Citations". 100th Bomb Group Foundation. Besoek op 20 Maart 2024.
  13. ↑ Robert Rosenthal: 1917 – 2007, Chicago Tribune, Published: Apr 30, 2007
  14. ↑ PHILLIS ROSENTHAL Obituary
  15. ↑ Robert Rosenthal
  16. ↑ "Harry Crosby, Wing and a Prayer. New York: Harper Collins, 1993".
  17. ↑ "Masters of the Air". theverge.com. 5 Oktober 2023.

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