Nitriet

Eienskappe

Algemeen

Naam Nitriet  
 
Termochemiese radius 1,87 Å [1] 
71,7 [Scm2/mol][2]
Lys van anione

'n Nitriet is 'n sout wat die komplekse anioon bevat of 'n ester wat die -ONO groep bevat. Die anioon is die suurres van nitroësuur.

Die oksidasietoestand van die sentrale stikstofatoom is +3 (III). Die anioon het basiese eienskappe. Nitriete is baie oplosbaar in water. By verhitting ontleed 'n nitriet en vorm en . [3]

Produksie

Nitriet kan geproduseer word deur eers ammoniak katalities te oksideer tot 'n mengsel van stikstofmonoksied NO en stikstofdioksied NO2 en hierdie gas in 'n oplossing van natriumkarbonaat te lei.[4]

Nitriet in vleis

Nitriet word toegevoeg aan vleis om te verhinder dat dit bederf en dat die bakterie Clostridium botulinum botulisme veroorsaak. Ongelukkig kan nitriet ook reageer met vrye aminosure en amines in die vleis en N-nitrosamine vorm. Hierdie spesie kan kanker veroorsaak.[5]

Biologie

Nitrietione kom in grond voor en kan daar biologies tot nitraat geoksideer word. Nitrietoksiderende bakterieë is filogeneties meer divers as die ammoniakoksideerders. Spesies van die genera Nitrospira en Nitrobacter is in grond die algemeenste.

Die oksidasie van nitriet na nitraat is 'n eenstapreaksie:

Hierdie oksidasie van nitriet tot nitraat word deur 'n ensiem gekataliseer. Dit is 'n membraangebonde nitrietoksidoreduktase, wat suurstof van water en 'n paar elektrone oordra vir die produksie van ATP via elektrontransportfosforilering:

Hierdie reaksie lewer 77 [kJ/mol], wat ongeveer een derde van dié van ammoniakoksidasie is.

Anders as ammoniakoksideerders, wat streng outotrofe is, is verskeie nitrietoksideerders in staat tot heterotrofiese groei onder sekere beperkte omstandighede. Selfs anaërobiese heterotrofiese groei kan moontlik wees, met 'n nitrietoksidoreduktase wat nitraat tot nitriet reduseer. Heterotrofiese groei deur nitrietoksideerders is baie stadiger as ander heterotrofiese bakterieë en stadiger as wanneer nitrietoksideerders outotrofies groei.[6]

Sien ook

Verwysings

  1. ↑ Thermochemical Radii of Complex Ions Helen K. Roobottom, H. Donald B. Jenkins, Jack Passmore, Leslie Glasser Journal of Chemical Education 76(11) 1999, bls. 1570
  2. ↑ aqion.
  3. ↑ "Nitrite salts". Alfa Aesar.
  4. ↑ "US patent 2032699 A j.w. Ahyes et al. 1936" (in Engels).
  5. ↑ Ronald B. Pegg, Fereidoon Shahidi Nitrite Curing of Meat, 2000, 0-917678-50-8
  6. ↑ David D. Myrold, (2021). 15 - Transformations of nitrogen; in: Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology,. Elsevier. pp. 385–421. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-820202-9.00015-0. ISBN 9780128202029.{{cite book}}: AS1-onderhoud: ekstra leestekens (link)

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