The Subaru FA engine is a gasolineboxer-4 engine used in Subaru and Toyota automobiles. It is a derivative of the FB engine, with efforts to reduce weight while maintaining durability as the main design goals. Although the FA and FB engines share a common platform, the FA shares very little in dedicated parts with the FB engine, with a different block, head, connecting rods, and pistons.
Development
The FA series engine was developed for the Subaru BRZ and the first FA engine, the FA20D, was designed to be mounted as low as possible and to minimize the polar moment of the chassis to improve dynamic response and handling.[1][2] The FA engine features a shallower oil pan and shorter intake manifold to reduce overall engine height compared to the Subaru FB engine.[3] The FA and FB engines share few parts.[2]
A direct injection-only turbo variant of the FA20, the FA20F, was introduced in late 2012 with the 2012 Legacy GT (for the Japanese market) and in the United States, the 2014 model year Subaru Forester. Compression ratio for the turbo engine falls to 10.6:1 from 12.5:1 for the FA20D. A revised variant of the FA20F was introduced for the 2015 model year Subaru WRX; in this application, the camshafts, rocker arms, boost pressure, intercooler, and exhaust were revised to increase peak output.[4]
FA20
Compared to the FB20 engine, which is undersquare with an 84 mm × 90 mm (3.31 in × 3.54 in) bore and stroke for 2.0 L (1,995 cm3) swept displacement, the FA20 is perfectly square with an 86 mm × 86 mm (3.39 in × 3.39 in) bore and stroke for 2.0 L (1,998 cm3) swept displacement. The 86 mm (3.39 in) bore and stroke are also reminders of the heritage Toyota model AE86.
Common parameters for all FA20 variants
Displacement: 2.0 L (1,998 cm3)
Bore: 86 mm (3.39 in)
Stroke: 86 mm (3.39 in)
FA20D
Subaru FA20D
The FA20D features both direct and port injection (Toyota's D-4S injection system) and Subaru AVCSvariable valve timing system. It is used in the Subaru BRZ, and is identified by a Toyota engine family code known as the 4U-GSE, which is installed in the Toyota 86 and the Scion FR-S.[5] According to Subaru, 0W-20 oil is recommended.
Wards Auto put the FA20D on their "10 Best Engines" list for 2013.[6]
Compression Ratio: 12.5:1
Application: 2012-2016 Subaru BRZ/Toyota GT86
Power: 197 hp (147 kW; 200 PS) at 7,000 RPM
Torque: 151 lb⋅ft (205 N⋅m; 21 kg⋅m) at 6,400-6,600 RPM
A version with Subaru's own direct fuel injection and twin-scroll turbocharger was introduced in 2012.[8] Also known as the FA20DIT. The FA20F was named to the Wards Auto "10 best engines" list in 2015[9] and 2016.[10]
The FA24F was introduced in 2018 initially for the 2019 model year Subaru Ascent. The bore is increased compared to prior FA20 engines, increasing displacement to 2.4 L (2,387 cm3).[12] The engine has an all aluminum head and block in order to keep weight and warm-up times low.[12] Direct injection and a turbocharger are used to provide output comparable to a 6-cylindernaturally aspirated engine, and the FA24 uses "regular" (87 AKI) fuel.[13] At the 2019 Chicago Auto Show, Subaru unveiled the 2020 model year Subaru Legacy sedan, available starting in fall 2019 and featuring the FA24 as the uplevel engine option.[14] The 2020 model year Subaru Outback also featured the FA24 as the uplevel option.[15]
Like the preceding FA20D, the FA24D uses the Toyota D-4S fuel injection system, which combines direct and port injection. It has the same displacement as the FA24F turbocharged engine with an identical 94×86 mm bore and stroke, but the compression level is increased to 12.5:1.[16][17] Fitting the existing FA24F, with its bottom-mounted turbo, to the second generation Subaru BRZ/Toyota 86 would have required raising the price and overall center of gravity, so natural aspiration was chosen instead. The torque curve was revised, with peak torque coming at a lower engine speed in the FA24D, and without the significant torque decrease between 3,000 and 5,000 RPM exhibited by the FA20D, which resulted from tuning that engine for fuel economy.[18] In addition, an oil cooler has been added to the engine.[19] One important difference is that the 2022 Toyota GR86 engine requires an oil that meets the ILSAC GF-5 standard while the 2023 GR86 engine requires ILSAC GF-6A, while in markets like Australia the 2022 Subaru BRZ still allows ILSAC GF-5 and additionally allows older ACEA A3 and A5.[20][21]
^ abcde"～トヨタともっといいクルマづくりを追求し、「誰もが愉しめる究極のFRピュアスポーツカー」へ進化～" [Pursuing better car manufacturing with Toyota, evolving into 'the ultimate FR pure sports car that everyone can enjoy'] (Press release). Subaru Global Media. April 5, 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
Fukada, Masayuki (27 October 2016). "「スバル歴史講座」で語られたスバルのクルマづくりの原点と水平対向エンジン開発" [Subaru car design philosophy and boxer engine development at the "Subaru History Course"]. Car Watch. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
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