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Zhong Zhong dan Hua Hua
中中 / 华华
Zhong Zhong dan Hua Hua; 中中 / 华华
	Penciptaan, untuk pertama kalinya, kloning dari primata, khususnya kera pemakan kepiting, juga disebut monyet cynomolgus atau kera ekor panjang, mirip dengan yang ada di foto.
Spesies	Macaca fascicularis
Jenis kelamin	Betina
Lahir	Zhong Zhong; 27 November 2017 (umur 7); Hua Hua; 5 Desember 2017 (umur 7); Shanghai, Tiongkok
Kebangsaan	Tiongkok
Dikenal karena	Primata pertama yang dikloning menggunakan metode transfer nuklir sel somatik

Zhong Zhong (Hanzi: 中中, lahir 27 November 2017^[4]) dan Hua Hua (Hanzi: 华华, lahir 5 Desember 2017^[4]) adalah kera pemakan kepiting yang diciptakan melalui transfer inti sel somatik (SCNT), teknik kloning sama yang menghasilkan domba Dolly. Mereka merupakan primata kloning pertama yang dihasilkan melalui teknik ini. Tidak seperti upaya sebelumnya untuk mengkloning monyet, nukleus yang diambil berasal dari sel janin, bukan sel embrionik.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6] Kedua primata tersebut lahir di Institut Neurosains, Akademi Sains Tiongkok di Shanghai.^[7]

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Sejak para ilmuwan menghasilkan mamalia kloning pertama domba Dolly pada tahun 1996 menggunakan teknik transfer nuklir sel somatik (SCNT), 23 spesies mamalia telah sukses dikloning, termasuk sapi, kucing, anjing, kuda, dan tikus.^[5] Namun, menggunakan teknik ini untuk primata tidak pernah berhasil dan tidak ada kehamilan yang berlangsung lebih dari 80 hari. Kesulitan utama adalah mungkin pemrograman yang tepat dari nukleus yang ditransfer untuk mendukung pertumbuhan embrio.^[3] Tetra (lahir Oktober 1999), seekor monyet rhesus betina, diciptakan oleh sebuah tim yang dipimpin oleh Gerald Schatten dari Pusat Penelitian Primata Nasional Oregon menggunakan teknik berbeda, yang disebut "pemisahan embrio". Tetra merupakan primata "kloning" pertama melalui kelahiran kembar buatan, yang merupakan prosedur yang jauh tidak begitu rumit daripada transfer DNA yang digunakan untuk penciptaan Zhong Zhong dan Hua Hua.^[8]

Referensi

^ ^a ^b Liu, Zhen; et al. (24 January 2018). "Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer". Cell (journal). doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.020. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b
- Normile, Dennis (24 January 2018). "These monkey twins are the first primate clones made by the method that developed Dolly". Science (journal). doi:10.1126/science.aa1066. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.
- Cyranoski, David (24 January 2018). "First monkeys cloned with technique that made Dolly the sheep – Chinese scientists create cloned primates that could revolutionize studies of human disease". Nature (journal). 553: 387–388. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Maron, Dina Fine (24 January 2018). "First Primate Clones Produced Using the "Dolly" Method – The success with monkeys could ignite new ethical debates and medical research". Scientific American. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b Gao, Yun (25 January 2018). "Chinese scientists clone monkeys in world first". CGTN. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b Kolata, Gina (24 January 2018). "Yes, They've Cloned Monkeys in China. That Doesn't Mean You're Next". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2018.
^
- Briggs, Helen (24 January 2018). "First monkey clones created in Chinese laboratory". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.
- Associated Press (24 January 2018). "Scientists Successfully Clone Monkeys; Are Humans Up Next?". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.
- Hotz, Robert Lee (24 January 2018). "China Breaks a Cloning Barrier: Primates – The development heralds the possibility of genetically engineered primates for drug testing, gene editing and brain research". Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.
^ Staff (24 January 2018). "Meet Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, the first monkey clones produced by method that made Dolly". Science Daily. Cell Press. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2018.
^ White-house, David (14 January 2000). "Scientists 'clone' monkey". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

Pranala luar

"Gallery of cloned animals". Archived from the original on 2016-03-12. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-27. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)
"Researchers clone monkey by splitting embryo". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-08-13. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-27.

[CELL-20180124-1] Liu, Zhen; et al. (24 January 2018). "Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer". Cell (journal). doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.020. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

[SCINAT-20180124-2] 
Normile, Dennis (24 January 2018). "These monkey twins are the first primate clones made by the method that developed Dolly". Science (journal). doi:10.1126/science.aa1066. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

Cyranoski, David (24 January 2018). "First monkeys cloned with technique that made Dolly the sheep – Chinese scientists create cloned primates that could revolutionize studies of human disease". Nature (journal). 553: 387–388. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

[3] Normile, Dennis (24 January 2018). "These monkey twins are the first primate clones made by the method that developed Dolly". Science (journal). doi:10.1126/science.aa1066. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

[4] Cyranoski, David (24 January 2018). "First monkeys cloned with technique that made Dolly the sheep – Chinese scientists create cloned primates that could revolutionize studies of human disease". Nature (journal). 553: 387–388. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

[SA-20180124-3] Maron, Dina Fine (24 January 2018). "First Primate Clones Produced Using the "Dolly" Method – The success with monkeys could ignite new ethical debates and medical research". Scientific American. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

[CGTN-20180125-4] Gao, Yun (25 January 2018). "Chinese scientists clone monkeys in world first". CGTN. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2018.

[NYT-20180124gk-5] Kolata, Gina (24 January 2018). "Yes, They've Cloned Monkeys in China. That Doesn't Mean You're Next". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2018.

[6] 
Briggs, Helen (24 January 2018). "First monkey clones created in Chinese laboratory". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

Associated Press (24 January 2018). "Scientists Successfully Clone Monkeys; Are Humans Up Next?". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

Hotz, Robert Lee (24 January 2018). "China Breaks a Cloning Barrier: Primates – The development heralds the possibility of genetically engineered primates for drug testing, gene editing and brain research". Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

[9] Briggs, Helen (24 January 2018). "First monkey clones created in Chinese laboratory". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

[10] Associated Press (24 January 2018). "Scientists Successfully Clone Monkeys; Are Humans Up Next?". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

[11] Hotz, Robert Lee (24 January 2018). "China Breaks a Cloning Barrier: Primates – The development heralds the possibility of genetically engineered primates for drug testing, gene editing and brain research". Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

[SD-20180124-7] Staff (24 January 2018). "Meet Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, the first monkey clones produced by method that made Dolly". Science Daily. Cell Press. Diakses tanggal 25 January 2018.

[BBC-20000114-8] White-house, David (14 January 2000). "Scientists 'clone' monkey". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 24 January 2018.

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Zhong Zhong dan Hua Hua

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