Smarta
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Smarta (Dewanagari: स्मार्त; IAST: Smārta) atau Smarta-sampradaya adalah aliran ortodoks atau sekte Hindu yang digagas kaum brahmana yang mengikuti Sanmata.[1][2] Istilah Smarta digunakan untuk merujuk kepada golongan brahmana tertentu yang mahir tentang smerti, atau yang mengakui smerti sebagai teks paling sahih.[3]
Pada umumnya, umat Smarta memuja Tuhan dalam enam wujud: Ganesa, Siwa, Sakti, Wisnu, Surya, dan Skanda. Karena aliran ini menerima segala dewa-dewi Hindu yang utama, aliran ini dikenal sebagai Hindu liberal atau non-sektarian. Umatnya mengikuti jalan filosofis dan meditasi, yang menekankan persatuan manusia dengan Tuhan melalui kesadaran.[4] Aliran ini tidak terlalu bersifat sekte sebagaimana Waisnawa atau Saiwa, dan menganut asas keyakinan bahwa Brahman adalah prinsip tertinggi dalam alam semesta dan meliputi segala sesuatu yang ada.[5][6][7]
Referensi
- ^ Doniger 1999, hlm. 1017.
- ^ Popular Prakashan 2000, hlm. 52.
- ^ Lochtefeld 2002, hlm. 656.
- ^ "hinduism HimalayanAcademy". Diakses tanggal 7 February 2014.
- ^ "ISKCON". Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-11-15. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2014.
- ^ "Hindus in SA". Diakses tanggal 7 February 2014.
- ^ Dubois. Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies. Cosimo. hlm. 111.
Daftar pustaka
- Basham, Arthur Llewellyn (1991), The Origins and Development of Classical Hinduism, Oxford University Press
- Collins, Charles Dillard (1988), The Iconography and Ritual of Śiva at elephanta, SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-88706-773-0
- Comans, Michael (2000), The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
- Cousins, L.S. (2010), Buddhism. In: "The Penguin Handbook of the World's Living Religions", Penguin
- Doniger, Wendy (1999), Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, Merriam-Webster
- Espin, Orlando O.; Nickoloff, James B. (2007), An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies, Liturgical Press
- Flood, Gavin (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
- Fort, Andrew O. (1998), Jivanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta, SUNY Press
- Goyal, S. R. (1984), A Religious History of Ancient India. Volume 2, Meerut, India: Kusumanjali Prakashan
- Hiltebeitel, Alf (2013), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
- Larson, Gerald James (2009), Hinduism. In: "World Religions in America: An Introduction", Westminster John Knox Press
- Lochtefeld, James G. (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z, The Rosen Publishing Group
- Minor, Rober Neil (1987), Radhakrishnan: A Religious Biography, SUNY Press
- Morris, Brian (2006), Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction, Cambridge University Press
- Nath, Vijay (2001), "From 'Brahmanism' to 'Hinduism': Negotiating the Myth of the Great Tradition", Social Scientist 2001, pp. 19-50
- Popular Prakashan (2000), Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5, Popular Prakashan
- Raju, P.T. (1992), The Philosophical Traditions of India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
- Renard, Philip (2010), Non-Dualisme. De directe bevrijdingsweg, Cothen: Uitgeverij Juwelenschip
- Rosen, Steven (2006), Essential Hinduism, Greenwood Publishing Group
- Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000), History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature: From the Earliest Beginnings to Our Own Times, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
- Thapar, Romula (2003), The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300, Penguin Books India
- Vaitheespara, Ravi (2010), Forging a Tamil caste: Maraimalai Adigal (1876-1950) and the discourcse of caste and ritual in colonial Tamilnadu. In: Bergunder e.a. (editors), "Ritual, Caste, and Religion in Colonial South India", Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
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