Brahman

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Brahman (Dewanagari: ब्रह्मन्) adalah penguasa tertinggi dalam kosmologi Hindu. Brahman bersifat kekal, tidak berwujud, imanen, tak terbatas, tak berawal dan tak berakhir juga menguasai segala bentuk, ruang, waktu, energi serta jagat raya dan segala isi yang ada di dalamnya.

Etimologi

Kata brahman, dalam bahasa Sanskrit, berasal dari akar kata bṛh yang artinya: 'mengembang', 'meluas', 'mekar', 'kuat', 'solid'.^[1] Secara bahasa, kata brahman bersifat netral dan tunggal, bukan maskulin atau feminin. Secara istilah, brahman dipahami sebagai: realitas tertinggi, ruh kosmos, kebenaran tertinggi dalam atman.^[2]

Dalam penggunaan, kata brahman berbeda dari brahmana, yang artinya pendeta; atau juga Brahma, yang merupakan salah satu Dewa Trimurti (Wisnu-Siwa-Brahma).^[1]

Sifat-sifat Brahman

Brahman merupakan salah satu di antara berbagai nama Tuhan. Sifat-sifat Brahman ditulis dalam kitab Bhagavad Gītā dan dijabarkan melalui perantara Sri Kresna.

Sloka	Terjemahan
sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṁ sarvendriya-vivarjitam, asaktaṁ sarva-bhṛc caiva nirguṇam guna-bhoktṛ ca	Dia sumber asli segala indria, tetapi tanpa memiliki indria. Ia tidak terikat, walau Dia memelihara semua makhluk. Ia melampaui sifat-sifat alam, dan pada waktu yang sama Dia adalah penguasa semua sifat alam material
baḥir antaś ca bhūtānām acaraṁ caram eva ca, sūkṣmatvāt tad avijñeyaṁ dūra-sthaṁ cāntike ca tat	Dia berada di luar dan di dalam segala insan, tidak bergerak namun senantiasa bergerak, Dia di luar daya pemahaman indria material. Ia amat jauh, namun juga begitu dekat kepada semua makhluk
avibhaktaṁ ca bhūteṣu vibhaktam iva ca sthitam, bhūta-bhartṛ ca taj jñeyaṁ grasiṣṇu prabhaviṣṇu ca	Walaupun Dia terbagi di antara insani, namun Dia tidak dapat dibagi. Ia mantap sebagai Yang Maha Tunggal. Ia pemelihara segala makhluk, dan Dia menciptakan sekaligus memusnahkan mereka
jyotiṣām api taj jyotis tamasah param ucyate, jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ jñāna-gamyaṁ hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam	Dia adalah sumber dari segala benda yang bercahaya. Dia di luar kegelapan alam dan tidak terwujud. Ia adalah pengetahuan dan tujuan pengetahuan. Ia bersemayam di dalam hati sanubari segala makhluk

Lihat pula

Pranala luar

(Inggris) Detailed essays on Brahman at Hinduwebsite.com
(Inggris) AbstractAtom.com - Information on the philosophy of Brahman^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
(Inggris) Essence of Upanishads: Atman and Brahman
(Inggris) Worship of the Supreme Brahman

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Śruti	Weda (Regweda-Yajurweda-Samaweda-Atharwaweda) • Upanisad • Srauta
Smerti	Itihasa (Ramayana • Mahabharata • Bhagawadgita) • Purana • Sutra • Agama (Tantra • Yantra)
Konsep	Awatara • Atman • Brahman • Kosa • Dharma • Karma • Moksa • Maya • Istadewata • Murti • Reinkarnasi (Punarbhawa) • Tatwa • Trimurti • Turiya • Guru
Filosofi	Darshana • Samkhya • Nyaya • Waisiseka • Yoga • Mimamsa • Wedanta • Tantra • Bhakti Yoga • Jnana Yoga • Karma Yoga
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Mitologi	Dewa-Dewi Hindu • Daftar Dewa-Dewi Hindu • Peperangan dalam mitologi Hindu • Kosmologi Hindu
Ritual	Aarti • Bhajan • Diksa • Homa • Mantra • Puja • Satsang • Stotra • Trisandya • Yadnya
Yuga	Satyayuga • Tretayuga • Dwaparayuga • Kaliyuga
Caturwarna	Brahmana • Ksatriya • Waisya • Sudra • Dalit
Aliran	Waisnawa • Saiwa • Sakta • Smarta • Neo-Vedanta
Hindu di Nusantara	Hindu Bali Hindu Jawa Hindu Kaharingan Hindu Tolotang Hindu Aluk Todolo

Artikel bertopik agama Hindu ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

^ ^a ^b Gonda, J. (1962). "Some Notes on the Study of Ancient-Indian Religious Terminology". History of Religions. 1 (2): 243–273. ISSN 0018-2710.
^ Khajegir, Ali reza; Afroogh, Mohammad reza (2019). "The Dignity and Unity of Atman and Brahman in Vedanta School- Hinduism Study". Journal of Philosophy and Ethics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 1 (1): 7–13. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-16. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-16.

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